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SAT Math and Logic - Geometry

Here you will learn some English words related to geometry, such as "radian", "parabola", "asymptote", etc. that you will need to ace your SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Math and Logic
slope
[noun]

the measure of how steep a line is, found by dividing the change in height by the change in horizontal distance

Ex: When graphing data , the slope indicates the rate of change between variables .
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arc
[noun]

(geometry) a part of a circle, which is curved

Ex: When measuring an arc, it is important to identify the center of the circle .
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angle
[noun]

the space between two lines or surfaces that are joined, measured in degrees or radians

Ex: Understanding different angles is essential in geometry for solving problems .
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radian
[noun]

a unit for measuring angles, defined by the angle made when the radius of a circle is laid along its edge

Ex: Knowing the relationship between degrees and radians is essential for trigonometry .
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an angle measuring exactly 90 degrees

Ex: The carpenter adjusted the miter saw to cut the molding at a perfect right angle for seamless installation .
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an angle that measures between 0 and 90 degrees, which is less than a right angle (90 degrees)

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one of a pair of opposite angles made by two intersecting lines, which are always equal

Ex: If one vertical angle is 45 degrees , the opposite vertical angle must also be 45 degrees .
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pairs of angles that share a common side and vertex in a polygon or between intersecting lines

Ex: A regular polygon has equal consecutive angles, each angle having the same measure .
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polygon
[noun]

(geometry) a flat shape consisting of three or more straight sides

Ex: Polygons can be classified based on the number of their sides , such as pentagons and hexagons .
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(geometry) any flat shape with four straight sides, the opposite sides of which are equal and parallel to each other

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(geometry) a flat figure with four straight sides and four angles

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hyperbola
[noun]

a geometric curve formed by the intersection of a plane with two cones, resulting in two symmetrical branches

Ex: Hyperbolas find applications in engineering, particularly in the design of antennas and satellite orbits.
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parabola
[noun]

(geometry) a symmetrical open curve that is similar to the path of an object thrown into the air passes till it falls back to earth

Ex: The quadratic function ’s graph is always a parabola.
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rhombus
[noun]

(geometry) a flat shape with four equal sides in which opposite angles are equal

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pentagon
[noun]

a geometric shape with five angles and five straight sides

Ex: She drew a pentagon on the chalkboard to illustrate its shape to the students .
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(geometry) a polyhedron with four flat sides, a triangular pyramid

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trapezoid
[noun]

(geometry) a flat shape with four flat sides, two of which are parallel

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a type of triangle with all three sides of equal length

Ex: The traffic sign warned of an upcoming intersection with an equilateral triangle symbol .
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a flat geometric shape consisting of three straight sides and one right angle

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a triangle in which all three interior angles are less than 90 degrees

Ex: When constructing an acute triangle, ensure that the sum of any two angles is greater than the third angle .
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a type of triangle that has two sides of equal length and two angles of equal measure

Ex: The sum of the interior angles of an isosceles triangle is always 180 degrees .
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a type of triangle that has all three sides of different lengths

Ex: The roof of the house had a distinct scalene triangle design .
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a triangle in which one of the interior angles is greater than 90 degrees

Ex: The properties of an obtuse triangle make it distinct in various geometric applications .
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a three-dimensional geometric shape that has a rectangular base and four triangular faces that meet at a single point called the apex

Ex: The height of a rectangular pyramid is measured from the apex perpendicular to the center of the rectangular base .
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a three-dimensional geometric shape with two parallel circular bases connected by a curved surface at a right angle to the bases

Ex: The sculpture featured a series of right circular cylinders of varying heights and radii stacked on top of each other .
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a solid figure with a circular base and a vertex that is perpendicular to the center of the base

Ex: The slant height of a right circular cone can be found using the Pythagorean theorem if the radius and the height are known .
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epicycle
[noun]

a small circle whose center moves around the circumference of a larger circle

Ex: When the center of the epicycle moves along the circumference of the deferent, the resulting path of a point on the epicycle is known as an epicycloid.
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the longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite the right angle, and defined as the side opposite the right angle in a right-angled triangle

Ex: Trigonometric ratios like sine , cosine , and tangent involve the relationship between the sides of a right triangle , including the hypotenuse.
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base
[noun]

the side of a geometric shape, usually the one considered as the bottom, from which the height is measured

Ex: For calculating the volume of a pyramid , you need to know the area of the base and the height .
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diameter
[noun]

a straight line from one side of a round object, particularly a circle, passing through the center and joining the other side

Ex: The technician used a caliper to determine the diameter of the bearings needed for the machinery repair .
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radius
[noun]

the length of a straight line drawn from the center of a circle to any point on its outer boundary

Ex: The radius of a planet determines its gravitational influence and orbital characteristics within a solar system .
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vertex
[noun]

a point where two or more lines, edges, or rays meet to form an angle, or the point at which the sides of a polygon intersect

Ex: In a cube , each of the eight corners is a vertex formed by the meeting of three edges .
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perimeter
[noun]

the total length of the external boundary of something

Ex: The science project required students to build a model volcano and measure the perimeter of its base for stability analysis .
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(geometry) the length of the external boundary of a curved shape, especially a circle

Ex: The mathematician used the circumference to solve the geometry problem .
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area
[noun]

the measurement of a piece of land or a flat surface

Ex: The area can be expressed in square units , such as square meters or square feet .
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the total area that the surface of a three-dimensional object occupies

Ex: Understanding surface area is essential for packaging design to minimize material use .
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volume
[noun]

the amount of space that a substance or object takes or the amount of space inside an object

Ex: The volume of water in the tank is monitored regularly .
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asymptote
[noun]

a straight line that a curve approaches indefinitely but never intersects, characterizing the limiting behavior of the curve

Ex: Exponential functions may exhibit horizontal asymptotes, indicating stability in the long run .
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tangent
[noun]

a straight line that touches a curve or surface at exactly one point, known as the point of tangency

Ex: The artist 's sketch showed a spiral with multiple tangent lines , illustrating the various points of contact .
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a measuring instrument used to measure and draw angles

Ex: The engineer used a protractor to measure the angle of the roof in the blueprint .
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a line that divides a shape into two congruent parts

Ex: The butterfly 's wings have a line of symmetry running along its body , making each wing a mirror image of the other .
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a series of numbers in which each term after the first is found by multiplying the previous term by a fixed, non-zero number

Ex: In a geometric series, if the common ratio is greater than 1 , the series will diverge .
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quadrant
[noun]

one-fourth of a circle, formed by two perpendicular radii and the connecting arc

Ex: The quadrant shape is often used in various engineering and architectural designs.
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an angle formed between two sides of a polygon that lies inside the shape

Ex: The interior angles of an octagon sum up to 1080 degrees .
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ellipse
[noun]

(geometry) a closed plane curve that has two focal points

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chord
[noun]

a straight line segment that connects two points on the edge of a circle

Ex: The radius of a circle bisects any chord that it is perpendicular to .
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diagonal
[Adjective]

(of a straight line) joining opposite corners of a flat shape at an angle

Ex: The designer added a bold diagonal stripe that extended from the top left corner to the bottom right corner of the canvas .
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congruent
[Adjective]

(in geometry) describing shapes of the same size and form

Ex: The two triangles are congruent because they have the same shape and size.
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parallel
[Adjective]

having an equal distance from each other at every point

Ex: The railroad tracks are parallel to each other .
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transversal
[Adjective]

(of a line) intersecting two or more other lines at different points

Ex: The transversal beams supported the structure at different angles .
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perpendicular
[Adjective]

(of lines or planes) intersecting each other at a 90 degree angle

Ex: The artist drew a perpendicular line from the edge of the canvas to start his sketch .
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to bisect
[Verb]

to divide something into two equal parts

Ex: He used a saw to bisect the wooden plank for the woodworking project .
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(geometry) to move a shape or figure from one position to another without rotating, resizing, or otherwise altering its shape

Ex: In geometry, to translate a shape means to slide it horizontally, vertically, or both, without altering its orientation.
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asymmetry
[noun]

(geometry) a lack of symmetry or equivalence in shape or size between the two sides or parts of something

Ex: Studying asymmetry helps in understanding how shapes differ from being perfectly symmetrical .
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SAT Math and Logic
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