Cambridge IELTS 16 - Akademicki - Test 3 - Czytanie - Fragment 2
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Przegląd
Fiszki
Pisownia
Test
a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

artefakt, wytwór człowieka
a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

lodowiec, lód stały
line marking the upper limit of tree growth in mountains or northern latitudes

granica drzew, linia drzew
to decrease in size or volume

kurczyć się, zmniejszać się
to completely stop existing or being found

znikać, zniknąć
someone whose job is selling or buying shares, goods, or currencies

handlowiec, trader
a penetrating and profound understanding that goes beyond surface-level observations or knowledge

wnikliwość, zrozumienie
any type of knitted, felted or woven cloth

tekstylia, tkanina
the skin of an animal, especially a large animal, either raw or treated

skóra, skóra zwierzęca
to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things

stosunkowo, w porównaniu
a tiny living organism that can only be seen under a microscope, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa

mikroorganizm, mikrob
the organic phenomenon of rotting

rozkład, gnicie
to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

mieć tendencję, skłaniać się
to gradually become unfrozen after being taken out of the freezer

rozmrażać, odmarzać
the process of something becoming worse, weaker, or damaged, especially in quality, condition, or value

degradacja, pogorszenie
in a quick or immediate way

szybko, błyskawicznie
to work as fast as possible to get something done within a very limited time
easily damaged or broken

kruchy, delikatny
appearing untidy because of the wind

zmierzwiony przez wiatr, rozwiany przez wiatr
to reveal, uncover, or make visible something that was hidden or covered

ujawniać, odsłaniać
to take a closer look at something, especially thoroughly in order to investigate

badać, inspekcjonować
a small plot of land that is used for growing a particular type of crops or plants

działka, poletko
a type of deer with large antlers in both sexes, mainly living in cold regions

renifer, karibu
to come together in a group, often for a specific purpose or activity

gromadzić się, zbierać się
to navigate through a complex or narrow space by avoiding obstacles

przeciskać się, kluczyć
a natural route or gap through a mountain range, lower than the surrounding peaks, allowing easier travel
an area where a group of families or people live together, often in a newly established community

osada, kolonia
not moving or changing position

nieruchomy, stacjonarny
in the middle of, surrounded by

pośród, wśród
worn, eroded, or changed in appearance due to exposure to weather elements, such as wind, rain, or sun

zwietrzały, znoszony
a weather condition during which the temperature drops below the freezing point and thin layers of ice are formed on the surfaces

mróz
a large rock, usually one that has been shaped by natural forces such as water or ice

głaz, skała
solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation

skała macierzysta, podłoże skalne
(of an activity) making one feel satisfied by giving one a desirable outcome

satysfakcjonujący, nagradzający
involvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons

wojna, konflikt zbrojny
to continue over a certain period of time

trwać, przebiegać
a secular designation used to represent dates in the Gregorian calendar before the traditional reference point of the birth of Jesus Christ

przed wspólną erą, przed naszą erą
to make a connection between someone or something and another in the mind

kojarzyć, wiązać
to move across or through in a specified direction

przekraczać, przemierzać
a method used by scientists to determine the age of organic materials by measuring the amount of carbon-14 they contain

datowanie radiowęglowe, datowanie węglem-14
to show, point out, or suggest the existence, presence, or nature of something

wskazywać, pokazywać
intimidating, challenging, or overwhelming in a way that creates a sense of fear or unease

onduchający, trudny
an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features

teren, krajobraz
to think that something is true without having proof or evidence

zakładać, przypuszczać
the height or distance of an object or geographical feature above a specified reference point, typically measured from sea level

wysokość, wyniesienie
used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

naszej ery, po Chrystusie
to emerge as a particular outcome

okazać się, skończyć się
to undertake a risky or daring journey or course of action

odważyć się, ryzykować
in a way that is unusually impressive, effective, or surprising

znakomicie, w sposób godny uwagi
to lead one to believe or consider that something exists or is true

sugerować, napomykać
to improve something by adding something to it

uzupełniać, wzbogacać
to find or get back something that was lost or stolen

odzyskać, odzyskiwać
to become something greater in quantity, importance, or size

rozszerzać, powiększać
an increase in the amount, size, importance, or degree of something

ekspansja, rozszerzenie
a product or service that is produced in one country and then sold to another country for use or resale

eksport, towar eksportowy
characterized by growth, expansion, or prosperity in an industry, economy, or market

kwitnący, rozkwitający
to resist or defend against an attack or threat, whether physical or metaphorical

odpierać, walczyć z
any of the pair of branched horns that grow annually on the head of an adult animal, typically a male one, from the deer family

róg, poroże
the era in human history from which we have no written record

prehistoria, epoka przedhistoryczna
(of a place) isolated and difficult to access

odległy, izolowany
a small amount of a substance taken from a larger amount used for scientific analysis or therapeutic experiment

próbka, wzór
a pause or break that interrupts something from continuing smoothly

przerwa, przestój
to break or lose structure and unity over time

rozpadać się, rozkładać się
to take something out from something else, particularly when it is not easy to do

ekstrahować, usunąć
to move back or withdraw to a safer or more comfortable place, especially to avoid something unpleasant

wycofać się, cofnąć się
a trip that has been organized for a particular purpose such as a scientific or military one or for exploration

ekspedycja, misja
an example of a certain kind of situation

przypadek, przykład
in the first place

głównie, przede wszystkim
a long, unbroken area of land or water that goes far in one direction

rozciągłość, odcinek
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