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Cambridge IELTS 16 - Akademiko - Pagsusulit 3 - Pagbasa - Talata 2

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Test 3 - Pagbasa - Passage 2 sa Cambridge IELTS 16 - Academic coursebook, upang matulungan kang maghanda para sa iyong IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 16 - Academic
artifact
[Pangngalan]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

artipakto, bagay na gawa ng tao

artipakto, bagay na gawa ng tao

Ex: This artifact, a beautifully carved statue , was a significant find that helped date the historical site .Ang **artipakto** na ito, isang magandang inukit na estatwa, ay isang makabuluhang natuklasan na nakatulong sa pagtukoy ng petsa ng makasaysayang lugar.
glacier
[Pangngalan]

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

glasyer, permanenteng yelo

glasyer, permanenteng yelo

Ex: The farm uses renewable energy to power its operations.Ang bukid ay gumagamit ng renewable energy upang mapagana ang mga operasyon nito.
tree line
[Pangngalan]

line marking the upper limit of tree growth in mountains or northern latitudes

linya ng puno, hangganan ng puno

linya ng puno, hangganan ng puno

to shrink
[Pandiwa]

to decrease in size or volume

umiikli, bumababa

umiikli, bumababa

Ex: The plastic bottle will shrink when exposed to heat , making it more compact for recycling .Ang plastic bottle ay **liliit** kapag na-expose sa init, na ginagawa itong mas compact para sa recycling.
to vanish
[Pandiwa]

to completely stop existing or being found

mawala, maglaho

mawala, maglaho

Ex: Some languages are vanishing as fewer people speak them .Ang ilang wika ay **nawawala** habang mas kaunting mga tao ang nagsasalita ng mga ito.
trader
[Pangngalan]

someone whose job is selling or buying shares, goods, or currencies

mangangalakal, negosyante

mangangalakal, negosyante

Ex: The trader uses technical analysis and chart patterns to identify potential trading opportunities .Ang **trader** ay gumagamit ng technical analysis at chart patterns upang makilala ang mga potensyal na oportunidad sa trading.
insight
[Pangngalan]

a penetrating and profound understanding that goes beyond surface-level observations or knowledge

katalinuhan, pag-unawa

katalinuhan, pag-unawa

Ex: Meditation and mindfulness practices fostered deeper insight into interconnectedness .Ang pagmumuni-muni at mga kasanayan sa pagiging mindful ay nagpalalim ng **pang-unawa** sa pagkakaugnay-ugnay.
textile
[Pangngalan]

any type of knitted, felted or woven cloth

textile, tela

textile, tela

Ex: The company specializes in eco-friendly textiles.Ang kumpanya ay dalubhasa sa mga eco-friendly na **textile**.
hide
[Pangngalan]

the skin of an animal, especially a large animal, either raw or treated

balat,  katad

balat, katad

relatively
[pang-abay]

to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things

medyo, ihambing

medyo, ihambing

Ex: His explanation was relatively clear , though still a bit confusing .Ang kanyang paliwanag ay **medyo** malinaw, bagaman medyo nakakalito pa rin.
microorganism
[Pangngalan]

a tiny living organism that can only be seen under a microscope, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa

mikroorganismo, mikrobyo

mikroorganismo, mikrobyo

Ex: The lab technician cultured the microorganism to study its properties and behavior .Ang technician ng laboratoryo ay nag-culture ng **microorganism** upang pag-aralan ang mga katangian at pag-uugali nito.
decay
[Pangngalan]

the organic phenomenon of rotting

pagkabulok,  pagkabagbag

pagkabulok, pagkabagbag

Ex: Bacteria accelerate the decay of organic waste .
to tend
[Pandiwa]

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

may tendensya, karaniwan

may tendensya, karaniwan

Ex: In colder climates , temperatures tend to drop significantly during the winter months .Sa mas malamig na klima, ang mga temperatura ay **may tendensiya** na bumaba nang malaki sa mga buwan ng taglamig.
to thaw out
[Pandiwa]

to gradually become unfrozen after being taken out of the freezer

magtunaw, mag-defrost

magtunaw, mag-defrost

Ex: Do n't forget to thaw out the frozen berries for breakfast .Huwag kalimutang **magtunaw** ng mga frozen na berry para sa almusal.
degradation
[Pangngalan]

the process of something becoming worse, weaker, or damaged, especially in quality, condition, or value

pagkasira, pagbaba ng kalidad

pagkasira, pagbaba ng kalidad

Ex: The film shows the degradation of nature by human activity.Ipinapakita ng pelikula ang **pagkasira** ng kalikasan dahil sa gawain ng tao.
swiftly
[pang-abay]

in a quick or immediate way

mabilis, agad

mabilis, agad

Ex: The delivery service ensures packages are shipped swiftly.Tinitiyak ng serbisyo ng paghahatid na ang mga package ay ipinapadala **nang mabilis**.

to work as fast as possible to get something done within a very limited time

Ex: They had raced against time to secure funding for the project.
fragile
[pang-uri]

easily damaged or broken

marupok, maselan

marupok, maselan

Ex: The fragile relationship between the two countries was strained by recent tensions .Ang **marupok** na relasyon sa pagitan ng dalawang bansa ay napighati ng mga kamakailang tensyon.
windblown
[pang-uri]

appearing untidy because of the wind

gulo ng hangin, magulo dahil sa hangin

gulo ng hangin, magulo dahil sa hangin

to expose
[Pandiwa]

to reveal, uncover, or make visible something that was hidden or covered

ibunyag, ilantad

ibunyag, ilantad

Ex: The detective dusted for fingerprints to expose any evidence left behind at the crime scene .Ang detective ay naghanap ng mga fingerprint upang **ibunyag** ang anumang ebidensya na naiwan sa crime scene.
approach
[Pangngalan]

a way of doing something or dealing with a problem

pamamaraan, paraan

pamamaraan, paraan

to survey
[Pandiwa]

to take a closer look at something, especially thoroughly in order to investigate

suriin, tingnan ng mabuti

suriin, tingnan ng mabuti

Ex: The journalist will survey the scene of the accident to report on the details .Susuriin ng mamamahayag ang lugar ng aksidente para iulat ang mga detalye.
patch
[Pangngalan]

a small plot of land that is used for growing a particular type of crops or plants

piraso ng lupa, maliit na taniman

piraso ng lupa, maliit na taniman

reindeer
[Pangngalan]

a type of deer with large antlers in both sexes, mainly living in cold regions

usang boreal, reyno

usang boreal, reyno

Ex: The reindeer’s thick fur and hooves adapted for snowy terrain make it well-suited for harsh climates .Ang makapal na balahibo at mga kuko ng **reindeer** na inangkop para sa mabundok na lupang may niyebe ay ginagawa itong angkop para sa malupit na klima.
to congregate
[Pandiwa]

to come together in a group, often for a specific purpose or activity

magtipon, magkatipon

magtipon, magkatipon

Ex: Before the lecture , students congregated outside the lecture hall .Bago ang lecture, ang mga estudyante ay **nagtipon** sa labas ng lecture hall.
to thread
[Pandiwa]

to navigate through a complex or narrow space by avoiding obstacles

lumusot, umikot-ikot

lumusot, umikot-ikot

Ex: The parkour athlete threaded through the urban landscape .Ang parkour athlete ay **nag-thread** sa urban landscape.
pass
[Pangngalan]

a natural route or gap through a mountain range, lower than the surrounding peaks, allowing easier travel

settlement
[Pangngalan]

an area where a group of families or people live together, often in a newly established community

pamayanan, paninirahan

pamayanan, paninirahan

Ex: There was little infrastructure in the settlement when it was first built .May kaunting imprastraktura lamang sa **pamayanan** noong ito ay unang itinayo.
stationary
[pang-uri]

not moving or changing position

hindi gumagalaw, nakatigil

hindi gumagalaw, nakatigil

Ex: The stationary car blocked the entrance to the parking lot .Ang **nakatigil** na kotse ay humarang sa pasukan ng paradahan.
amid
[Preposisyon]

in the middle of, surrounded by

gitna ng, sa gitna ng

gitna ng, sa gitna ng

Ex: The children played happily amid the colorful flowers in the garden .Masayang naglaro ang mga bata **sa gitna ng** makukulay na bulaklak sa hardin.
weathered
[pang-uri]

worn, eroded, or changed in appearance due to exposure to weather elements, such as wind, rain, or sun

gasgas, kupas

gasgas, kupas

Ex: The boat’s weathered sails flapped in the wind, showing signs of many long voyages.Ang mga **gasgas** na layag ng bangka ay pumapagaspas sa hangin, na nagpapakita ng mga palatandaan ng maraming mahabang paglalakbay.
frost
[Pangngalan]

a weather condition during which the temperature drops below the freezing point and thin layers of ice are formed on the surfaces

lamig

lamig

Ex: He knew that a hard frost was coming , so he brought the plants indoors .Alam niya na may malakas na **frost** na darating, kaya dinala niya ang mga halaman sa loob ng bahay.
boulder
[Pangngalan]

a large rock, usually one that has been shaped by natural forces such as water or ice

malaking bato, batong malaki

malaking bato, batong malaki

Ex: The archaeologists discovered ancient petroglyphs carved into the surface of the boulder, offering insights into the beliefs of past civilizations .Natuklasan ng mga arkeologo ang sinaunang mga petroglyph na inukit sa ibabaw ng **malaking bato**, na nagbibigay ng pananaw sa mga paniniwala ng mga nakaraang sibilisasyon.
bedrock
[Pangngalan]

solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation

batong-pundasyon, saligang bato

batong-pundasyon, saligang bato

Ex: Fossils embedded in the bedrock provided valuable information about ancient ecosystems and environmental conditions .Ang mga fossil na naka-embed sa **bedrock** ay nagbigay ng mahalagang impormasyon tungkol sa sinaunang mga ecosystem at mga kondisyon sa kapaligiran.
permafrost
[Pangngalan]

ground that is permanently frozen

permafrost, lupang permanenteng nagyeyelo

permafrost, lupang permanenteng nagyeyelo

rewarding
[pang-uri]

(of an activity) making one feel satisfied by giving one a desirable outcome

nakakagantimpala,  nakakataba ng puso

nakakagantimpala, nakakataba ng puso

Ex: Helping others in need can be rewarding, as it fosters a sense of empathy and compassion .Ang pagtulong sa ibang nangangailangan ay maaaring **makatanggap ng gantimpala**, dahil pinapalago nito ang pakiramdam ng empatiya at habag.
warfare
[Pangngalan]

involvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons

digmaan, armadong labanan

digmaan, armadong labanan

Ex: Psychological warfare aims to demoralize the enemy, using propaganda and misinformation to weaken their resolve.Ang **digmaang** sikolohikal ay naglalayong pahinain ang moral ng kaaway, gamit ang propaganda at maling impormasyon upang pahinain ang kanilang determinasyon.
contracting
[Pangngalan]

becoming infected

pagkakahawa, impeksyon

pagkakahawa, impeksyon

to run
[Pandiwa]

to continue over a certain period of time

tumatakbo, magpatuloy

tumatakbo, magpatuloy

Ex: The festival will run for three days.Ang festival ay **tatagal** ng tatlong araw.

a secular designation used to represent dates in the Gregorian calendar before the traditional reference point of the birth of Jesus Christ

bago ang karaniwang panahon, bago ang ating panahon

bago ang karaniwang panahon, bago ang ating panahon

to associate
[Pandiwa]

to make a connection between someone or something and another in the mind

iugnay, isama

iugnay, isama

Ex: The color red is commonly associated with passion and intensity across various cultures .Ang kulay pula ay karaniwang **iniuugnay** sa pagmamahal at tindi sa iba't ibang kultura.
discarded
[pang-uri]

thrown away

itinapon, pinabayaan

itinapon, pinabayaan

to traverse
[Pandiwa]

to move across or through in a specified direction

tawirin, daanan

tawirin, daanan

Ex: The marathon route was designed to traverse the city , showcasing its landmarks and providing a challenging race for participants .Ang ruta ng marathon ay idinisenyo upang **tawirin** ang lungsod, ipakita ang mga palatandaan nito, at magbigay ng isang mapaghamong karera para sa mga kalahok.
all-purpose
[pang-uri]

not limited in use or function

pangmaramihang layunin, para sa lahat ng layunin

pangmaramihang layunin, para sa lahat ng layunin

tack
[Pangngalan]

gear for a horse

kasangkapan para sa kabayo, kagamitan para sa kabayo

kasangkapan para sa kabayo, kagamitan para sa kabayo

radiocarbon dating
[Pangngalan]

a method used by scientists to determine the age of organic materials by measuring the amount of carbon-14 they contain

petsa ng radiocarbon, petsa ng carbon-14

petsa ng radiocarbon, petsa ng carbon-14

Ex: Advances in radiocarbon dating have revolutionized the study of prehistoric cultures and environmental history .Ang mga pagsulong sa **radiocarbon dating** ay nagdulot ng rebolusyon sa pag-aaral ng mga sinaunang kultura at kasaysayan ng kapaligiran.
to indicate
[Pandiwa]

to show, point out, or suggest the existence, presence, or nature of something

ipahiwatig, ipakita

ipahiwatig, ipakita

Ex: The chart indicates a trend in sales .Ang tsart ay **nagpapahiwatig** ng isang trend sa mga benta.
daunting
[pang-uri]

intimidating, challenging, or overwhelming in a way that creates a sense of fear or unease

nakakatakot, mahigpit

nakakatakot, mahigpit

Ex: Writing a novel can be daunting, but with dedication and perseverance, it's achievable.Ang pagsusulat ng nobela ay maaaring **nakakatakot**, ngunit sa dedikasyon at tiyaga, ito ay makakamit.
terrain
[Pangngalan]

an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features

lupain, tanawin

lupain, tanawin

Ex: Farmers adapted their cultivation techniques to suit the varying terrain of their land , employing terracing on slopes and irrigation systems in low-lying areas to optimize agricultural productivity .Inangkop ng mga magsasaka ang kanilang mga pamamaraan ng pagtatanim upang umangkop sa iba't ibang **terrain** ng kanilang lupa, na gumagamit ng terracing sa mga dalisdis at sistema ng patubig sa mga mababang lugar upang i-optimize ang produktibidad sa agrikultura.
to assume
[Pandiwa]

to think that something is true without having proof or evidence

ipalagay, akalain

ipalagay, akalain

Ex: Right now , some team members are assuming that the project deadline will be extended .Sa ngayon, ang ilang miyembro ng koponan ay **nag-aakala** na ang deadline ng proyekto ay mapapatagal.
elevation
[Pangngalan]

the height or distance of an object or geographical feature above a specified reference point, typically measured from sea level

taas, pagtaas

taas, pagtaas

Ex: The hikers struggled with altitude sickness due to the rapid elevation gain during their trek .Nahihirapan ang mga hiker sa altitude sickness dahil sa mabilis na pagtaas ng **elevation** sa kanilang trek.
Common Era
[pang-abay]

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

karaniwang panahon, pagkatapos ni Kristo

karaniwang panahon, pagkatapos ni Kristo

Ex: The American Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776 CE.Ang Deklarasyon ng Kalayaan ng Amerika ay pinagtibay noong Hulyo 4, 1776 **Karaniwang Panahon**.
to turn out
[Pandiwa]

to emerge as a particular outcome

magwakas, maging

magwakas, maging

Ex: Despite their initial concerns, the project turned out to be completed on time and under budget.Sa kabila ng kanilang mga unang alalahanin, ang proyekto ay **naging** nakumpleto sa oras at sa ilalim ng badyet.
to venture
[Pandiwa]

to undertake a risky or daring journey or course of action

magsapanganib, mangahas

magsapanganib, mangahas

Ex: They ventured deep into the mountains , hoping to find a hidden treasure .Sila'y **naglakas-loob** na pumasok nang malalim sa mga bundok, na umaasang makakita ng nakatagong kayamanan.
remarkably
[pang-abay]

in a way that is unusually impressive, effective, or surprising

kapansin-pansin, sa isang kapansin-pansing paraan

kapansin-pansin, sa isang kapansin-pansing paraan

Ex: Despite the challenges , she responded remarkably with poise and clarity .Sa kabila ng mga hamon, siya ay tumugon **nang kapansin-pansin** nang may kalmado at kalinawan.
to suggest
[Pandiwa]

to lead one to believe or consider that something exists or is true

magmungkahi, magpahiwatig

magmungkahi, magpahiwatig

Ex: The cryptic message on the note suggested that there was more to the situation than met the eye .Ang misteryosong mensahe sa note ay **nagmungkahi** na may higit pa sa sitwasyon kaysa sa nakikita.
to supplement
[Pandiwa]

to improve something by adding something to it

dagdagan, punan

dagdagan, punan

Ex: The new regulations will supplement the existing safety measures .Ang mga bagong regulasyon ay **magdaragdag** sa mga umiiral na hakbang sa kaligtasan.
harvest
[Pangngalan]

the amount of produce gathered from crops during one growing season

turn
[Pangngalan]

an unforeseen development

pagliko, hindi inaasahang pag-unlad

pagliko, hindi inaasahang pag-unlad

to recover
[Pandiwa]

to find or get back something that was lost or stolen

mabawi,  makuha muli

mabawi, makuha muli

Ex: After the break-in , they were able to recover some of their valuables .Pagkatapos ng pagsalakay, nakapag-**bawi** sila ng ilan sa kanilang mga mahahalagang bagay.
to date from
[Pandiwa]

belong to an earlier time

petsa mula sa, mula pa noong

petsa mula sa, mula pa noong

to expand
[Pandiwa]

to become something greater in quantity, importance, or size

palawakin, palawigin

palawakin, palawigin

Ex: Over time , his interests expanded beyond literature to include philosophy , art , and music .Sa paglipas ng panahon, ang kanyang mga interes ay **lumawak** nang higit pa sa literatura upang isama ang pilosopiya, sining, at musika.
expansion
[Pangngalan]

an increase in the amount, size, importance, or degree of something

paglaki, paglawak

paglaki, paglawak

Ex: The expansion of the company led to new job opportunities in the region .Ang **paglago** ng kumpanya ay nagdulot ng mga bagong oportunidad sa trabaho sa rehiyon.
export
[Pangngalan]

a product or service that is produced in one country and then sold to another country for use or resale

export, iniluluwas na produkto

export, iniluluwas na produkto

booming
[pang-uri]

characterized by growth, expansion, or prosperity in an industry, economy, or market

lumalago, sumasabog

lumalago, sumasabog

Ex: The local coffee shop has been booming ever since it introduced its new menu.Ang lokal na coffee shop ay **lumalago** mula nang ilunsad nito ang bagong menu.
to fight off
[Pandiwa]

to resist or defend against an attack or threat, whether physical or metaphorical

labanan, pigilan

labanan, pigilan

Ex: The hiker had to fight off exhaustion to reach the summit of the mountain .Kailangan ng manlalakbay na **labanan** ang pagod para maabot ang tuktok ng bundok.
antler
[Pangngalan]

any of the pair of branched horns that grow annually on the head of an adult animal, typically a male one, from the deer family

sungay, sungay ng usa

sungay, sungay ng usa

prehistory
[Pangngalan]

the era in human history from which we have no written record

prehistorya, panahon bago ang kasaysayan

prehistorya, panahon bago ang kasaysayan

remote
[pang-uri]

(of a place) isolated and difficult to access

malayo, hiwalay

malayo, hiwalay

Ex: The remote countryside offered peace and solitude , away from the crowded city life .Ang **malayong** kanayunan ay nag-alok ng kapayapaan at pag-iisa, malayo sa masikip na buhay lungsod.
sample
[Pangngalan]

a small amount of a substance taken from a larger amount used for scientific analysis or therapeutic experiment

halimbawa, sampol

halimbawa, sampol

Ex: The biopsy sample was examined to diagnose the disease .Ang **sample** ng biopsy ay sinuri upang masuri ang sakit.
gap
[Pangngalan]

a pause or break that interrupts something from continuing smoothly

puwang, pahinga

puwang, pahinga

Ex: The teacher apologized for the gap in lessons caused by her unexpected absence .Humihingi ng paumanhin ang guro sa **puwang** sa mga aralin na dulot ng kanyang hindi inaasahang pagliban.

to break or lose structure and unity over time

mawasak, matunaw

mawasak, matunaw

Ex: The neglected relationship began to disintegrate as communication broke down .Ang napabayaang relasyon ay nagsimulang **magkawatak-watak** nang masira ang komunikasyon.
to extract
[Pandiwa]

to take something out from something else, particularly when it is not easy to do

alisin, bunutin

alisin, bunutin

Ex: The archaeologists carefully excavated the site to extract ancient artifacts .Maingat na hinukay ng mga arkeologo ang site upang **kunin** ang mga sinaunang artifact.
to retreat
[Pandiwa]

to move back or withdraw to a safer or more comfortable place, especially to avoid something unpleasant

umurong, bumalik

umurong, bumalik

Ex: He saw the waves rising and retreated farther up the shore .Nakita niya ang mga alon na tumataas at **umurong** pa sa baybayin.
expedition
[Pangngalan]

a trip that has been organized for a particular purpose such as a scientific or military one or for exploration

ekspedisyon, misyon

ekspedisyon, misyon

Ex: The space agency launched an expedition to explore Mars and search for signs of life .Inilunsad ng ahensya ng espasyo ang isang **ekspedisyon** upang galugarin ang Mars at maghanap ng mga palatandaan ng buhay.
case
[Pangngalan]

an example of a certain kind of situation

kaso, halimbawa

kaso, halimbawa

Ex: In the case of severe weather , the event will be postponed .Sa **kaso** ng malalang panahon, ang kaganapan ay ipagpapaliban.
primarily
[pang-abay]

in the first place

pangunahin, sa unang lugar

pangunahin, sa unang lugar

Ex: Primarily, she objected to the plan because it violated company policy .**Una**, tutol siya sa plano dahil lumabag ito sa patakaran ng kumpanya.
reach
[Pangngalan]

a long, unbroken area of land or water that goes far in one direction

lawak, bahagi

lawak, bahagi

Ex: The boat moved slowly through a quiet reach of the river .Ang bangka ay dahan-dahang gumalaw sa isang tahimik na **bahagi** ng ilog.
Cambridge IELTS 16 - Akademiko
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