Cambridge IELTS 16 - Academic - Test 3 - Reading - Passage 2

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

line marking the upper limit of tree growth in mountains or northern latitudes

to decrease in size or volume

to cease to exist, be present, or remain

a person whose job involves buying and selling goods, shares, currencies, or other assets

a clear and deep understanding of a person, situation, problem, or subject

cloth or fabric produced by weaving, knitting, felting, or similar processes

the skin of an animal, especially a large animal, either raw or treated

to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things

a tiny living organism that can only be seen under a microscope, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa

the natural process by which organic material rots and decomposes

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

to gradually become unfrozen after being taken out of the freezer

the process of something becoming worse, weaker, or damaged, especially in quality, condition, or value

in a quick or immediate way

to work as fast as possible to get something done within a very limited time

easily damaged or broken

appearing messy or rough because of exposure to the wind

to reveal, uncover, or make visible something that was hidden or covered

a way of doing something or dealing with a problem

to take a closer look at something, especially thoroughly in order to investigate

a small area of land used for growing a particular crop or type of plant

a type of deer with large antlers in both sexes, mainly living in cold regions

to come together in a group, often for a specific purpose or activity

to move carefully through a narrow or crowded space, changing direction to avoid obstacles

a natural route or gap through a mountain range, lower than the surrounding peaks, allowing easier travel

an area where a group of families or people live together, often in a newly established community

not moving or changing position

in the middle of, surrounded by

worn, eroded, or changed in appearance due to exposure to weather elements, such as wind, rain, or sun

a weather condition during which the temperature drops below the freezing point and thin layers of ice are formed on the surfaces

a large rock, usually one that has been shaped by natural forces such as water or ice

solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation

ground that is permanently frozen

(of an activity) making one feel satisfied by giving one a desirable outcome

involvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons

becoming infected

to continue over a certain period of time

a secular designation used to represent dates in the Gregorian calendar before the traditional reference point of the birth of Jesus Christ

to make a connection between someone or something and another in the mind

thrown away

to move across or through in a specified direction

suitable for a wide range of uses

gear for a horse

a method used by scientists to determine the age of organic materials by measuring the amount of carbon-14 they contain

to show, point out, or suggest the existence, presence, or nature of something

intimidating, challenging, or overwhelming in a way that creates a sense of fear or unease

an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features

to think that something is true without having proof or evidence

the height or distance of an object or geographical feature above a specified reference point, typically measured from sea level

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

to emerge as a particular outcome

to undertake a risky or daring journey or course of action

in a way that is unusually impressive, effective, or surprising

to lead one to believe or consider that something exists or is true

to improve, complete, or increase something by adding something else to it

the amount of crops or produce gathered during a particular season

an unforeseen development

to find or get back something that was lost or stolen

belong to an earlier time

to become something greater in quantity, importance, or size

an increase in the amount, size, importance, or degree of something

commodities, goods, or services sold and sent to another country

characterized by growth, expansion, or prosperity in an industry, economy, or market

to resist or defend against an attack or threat, whether physical or metaphorical

any of the pair of branched horns that grow annually on the head of an adult animal, typically a male one, from the deer family

the era in human history from which we have no written record

far from towns, cities, or other populated places and often difficult to reach

a small amount of a substance taken from a larger amount used for scientific analysis or therapeutic experiment

a pause or break that interrupts something from continuing smoothly

to break or lose structure and unity over time

to take something out from something else, particularly when it is not easy to do

to move back or away from something, especially to avoid danger or an unpleasant situation

an organized journey undertaken for a particular purpose, especially exploration, research, or military action

an example of a certain kind of situation

in the first place

a long, unbroken area of land or water that goes far in one direction