Cambridge IELTS 16 - Academic - Test 4 - Czytanie - Fragment 1

a peninsula in southwestern Asia that forms the Asian part of Turkey

to accept, embrace, or incorporate a particular idea, practice, or belief into one's own behavior or lifestyle

the process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

a geographic area belonging to or ruled by a government or authority

an area where a group of families or people live together, often in a newly established community

a period of one thousand years, usually calculated from the year of the birth of Jesus Christ

a secular designation used to represent dates in the Gregorian calendar before the traditional reference point of the birth of Jesus Christ

to be formed from particular parts or things

a sturdy pole made of metal or timber that is dug into the ground to be used as a marker or support something

a deep, narrow, usually vertical or sloping passage extending into the ground, especially in a mine

the distance between things

to dig a hole or make a channel in the ground

the black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow

the act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of foul air

a long artificial waterway built for boats to travel along or for carrying water from one place to another

in a way that is unusually impressive, effective, or surprising

to transfer knowledge, traditions, or skills to another person or group, often to ensure they are preserved or continued

to provide a person, place, or thing with the equipment or supplies needed for a particular purpose

an appendage to hold onto

a place providing support for the foot in standing or climbing

a removable or hinged cover used to close the opening of a container or similar object

a cord from which a metal weight is suspended pointing directly to the earth's center of gravity; used to determine the vertical from a given point

a long, thin, usually straight piece of wood, metal, or another material

the measure of the steepness of a line, calculated as the change in vertical distance divided by the change in horizontal distance

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

to remove liquid from something by allowing or causing it to flow away

used to say that something such as a number or amount is not exact

(of a method, idea, or plan) likely to be successful or effective

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

the practice of measuring angles and distances on the ground so that they can be accurately plotted on a map

the branch of mathematics that deals with the relation between the lines, angles and surfaces or the properties of the space

the act of changing something so that it is more suitable for particular circumstances or needs

related to the study or processes of the Earth's structure, composition, and history

to diverge or stray from the usual or planned path

decided, determined, or established by authority or prior agreement

in a way that continues without any pause

to move through something, typically overcoming resistance

an opening that resembles a mouth (as of a cave or a gorge)

separation from accepted norms, standards, or expected patterns of conduct

words, letters, or symbols that are engraved, carved, or written on a surface, often for commemorative, informational, or decorative purposes

a channel or pipeline used to transport water over a long distance, usually from a remote source to a town or city

situated at or directed toward the side or sides

a relationship or connection between two or more things or people

related to the beginning of a series or process

a physical object that blocks a path or prevents movement

crushing and separating ore into valuable substances or waste by any of a variety of techniques

to discover the exact position or place of something or someone

a layer of ore between layers of rock

to go after someone or something, particularly to catch them

an indication or evidence of the former presence or existence of something

to extract resources from the earth by digging

being the only person or thing of a particular type

easy to comprehend or perform without any difficulties

cool (hot metal) by plunging into cold water or other liquid

to break on the surface without falling into separate pieces

the relative speed or pace of progress, growth, or decline

used to highlight the differences between two or more things or people

an individual who financially supports an artist, charity, cause, etc.

to cause someone or something to change direction

to indicate a potential danger or risk to someone or something

a sheltered area of water where ships and boats can anchor or remain safely

to show, point out, or suggest the existence, presence, or nature of something

underground surface below which the ground is wholly saturated with water

representing a plane made by cutting across something at right angles to its length

to physically connect or fasten something to another thing

possessing enough skill or knowledge in a certain field or job

to shape or create by cutting or sculpting, often using tools or a sharp instrument

a long, narrow area of land that connects places or extends along a route such as a road or river