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Список Слів Рівня C1 - Історія та артефакти

Тут ви дізнаєтеся деякі англійські слова про історію та артефакти, такі як «карета», «підземелля», «скасування» тощо, підготовлені для учнів C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
archive
[іменник]

a place or a collection of records or documents of historical importance

архів, збірка

архів, збірка

Ex: archive of the newspaper provides a valuable resource for studying local history and events .
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bibliography
[іменник]

the study of books' history, their classification, production, editions, etc.

біібліографія, бібліологія

біібліографія, бібліологія

Ex: A bibliography of medieval manuscripts involves detailed analysis of script styles , illumination techniques , and parchment production .
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abolition
[іменник]

the act of formally and completely ending a system, practice, institution, or law

скасування, аболіція

скасування, аболіція

Ex: Various countries have implemented laws and reforms to ensure abolition of child labor , aiming to protect the rights and well-being of children .
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battlefield
[іменник]

an area where a battle is being or was fought

бійниця, поле бою

бійниця, поле бою

Ex: Archaeologists discovered artifacts buried beneath battlefield, shedding light on ancient warfare techniques .
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shield
[іменник]

a large piece of armor made of strong material, carried on the arm by soldiers in the past

щит, захист

щит, захист

Ex: In medieval times , knights adorned shields with colorful heraldic designs to identify their families .
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spear
[іменник]

a weapon with a long handle and a metal pointed tip, used for fighting and fishing in the past

спис, знаряддя

спис, знаряддя

Ex: During the hunt , the tribesmen worked together to surround the wild boar and attack it spears.
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tomahawk
[іменник]

a small-sized ax used by Native Americans for fighting or as a tool

томагавк, січок

томагавк, січок

Ex: The explorer admired the craftsmanship of the ornately tomahawk on display at the cultural center .
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bow
[іменник]

a curved weapon joined at both ends by a string, capable of shooting arrows

лук, арбалет

лук, арбалет

Ex: The warriorbow was intricately carved , with symbols of protection etched along its length .
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dagger
[іменник]

a short weapon with a pointed blade

кинжала, дамаска

кинжала, дамаска

Ex: In ancient timesdaggers were used for close combat and as tools for everyday tasks .
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cannon
[іменник]

a large and powerful gun that was used in the past to fire stone or metal balls

гарматa, канон

гарматa, канон

Ex: Cannons played a crucial role in shaping the outcome of battles throughout history .
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carriage
[іменник]

a vehicle with usually four wheels, pulled by one or more horses

карава́н, повозка

карава́н, повозка

Ex: The carriage was adorned with gold trim and velvet cushions for maximum comfort .
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chariot
[іменник]

a vehicle with two wheels, drawn by horses, used in ancient times for warfare and racing

колесниця, кари́са

колесниця, кари́са

Ex: Archaeologists discovered chariot wheels buried in the desert sands .
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dungeon
[іменник]

an underground room in which prisoners were confined, particularly in a castle

темниця, підземелля

темниця, підземелля

Ex: She explored dungeon during the castle tour , imagining the hardships of those who were imprisoned there .
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fort
[іменник]

a building or group of buildings used by troops to protect an area

форт, укріплення

форт, укріплення

Ex: fort's walls were reinforced with stone and earthworks to withstand sieges and assaults .
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conqueror
[іменник]

someone who forcibly takes control of a city or country and its citizens

завоюватель, підкорювач

завоюватель, підкорювач

Ex: Genghis Khan , a conqueror, expanded the Mongol Empire across vast regions of Asia and Europe .
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successor
[іменник]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

наступник, продовжувач

наступник, продовжувач

Ex: The company was eager to find a successor to continue the founder 's legacy and lead it into the future .
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reign
[іменник]

the period that a monarch rules

царювання, правління

царювання, правління

Ex: The reign of the king saw significant advancements in arts and science throughout the kingdom .
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to crown
[дієслово]

to place a crown on someone's head in a ceremony so that person officially becomes a king or queen

коронувати, освятити

коронувати, освятити

Ex: The citizens eagerly awaited the moment when the prince would crowned as the rightful heir to the throne .
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peasant
[іменник]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

селянин, бідняк

селянин, бідняк

Ex: In many poorer countriespeasants continue to use traditional farming methods handed down from their ancestors .
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primitive
[прикметник]

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

первісний, примітивний

первісний, примітивний

Ex: The island 's ecosystem still primitive species that have remained unchanged for centuries .
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datable
[прикметник]

able to be dated to a specific time

датований, той

датований, той

Ex: The artifacts discovered in the tomb were datable due to the inscriptions that indicated the reign of a specific pharaoh .
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prehistoric
[прикметник]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

доісторичний, первісний

доісторичний, первісний

Ex: Researchers use carbon dating to determine the age prehistoric artifacts .
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ice age
[іменник]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

лідниковий період, епоха льодовиків

лідниковий період, епоха льодовиків

Ex: Geological evidence suggests that ice age shaped many of the Earth 's current landscapes and ecosystems .
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Stone age
[іменник]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

кам'яна доба, епоха каменю

кам'яна доба, епоха каменю

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Bronze Age
[іменник]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Бронзова епоха, Бронзовий вік

Бронзова епоха, Бронзовий вік

Ex: Trade flourished during Bronze Age, as cultures exchanged bronze goods , ideas , and innovations across vast distances .
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Iron Age
[іменник]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

Залізна доба, Епоха заліза

Залізна доба, Епоха заліза

Ex: Iron Age brought about changes in social structures and trade , as iron became a valuable and widely-used resource .
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golden age
[іменник]

a period of great prosperity and success, particularly in the past

золота доба, золотий вік

золота доба, золотий вік

Ex: golden age of Islam saw major contributions to science , medicine , and philosophy , influencing many future generations .
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medieval
[прикметник]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

середньовічний, медивіальний

середньовічний, медивіальний

Ex: Medieval armor and weapons are displayed in the exhibit on chivalric knights .
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Enlightenment
[іменник]

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

Просвітництво, Епоха Просвітництва

Просвітництво, Епоха Просвітництва

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civil war
[іменник]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

громадянська війна, національна війна

громадянська війна, національна війна

Ex: Civil wars typically arise from internal conflicts over political , social , or economic differences within a nation .
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colonial
[прикметник]

related to a country that controls another territory or country

колоніальний, колонізаційний

колоніальний, колонізаційний

Ex: Colonial governments imposed taxes and tariffs on local populations to colonial administration and infrastructure projects .
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imperial
[прикметник]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

імперський, імперіалістичний

імперський, імперіалістичний

Ex: The decline of imperial system marked the end of an era in history .
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mythology
[іменник]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

міфологія, міфи

міфологія, міфи

Ex: Many cultures around the world have their mythology, which reflects their history , values , and worldview .
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industrial revolution
[іменник]

the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain

промислова революція, індустріальна революція

промислова революція, індустріальна революція

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pharaoh
[іменник]

a title used for ancient Egyptian rulers

фараон, цар

фараон, цар

Ex: The role of pharaoh was central to Egyptian religion and society , representing the divine link between the gods and the people .
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archeology
[іменник]

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

археологія, дослідження цивілізацій

археологія, дослідження цивілізацій

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bloodline
[іменник]

all family members of a person over several generations, particularly a notable person

кровна лінія, кровний рід

кровна лінія, кровний рід

Ex: The geneticist studied the bloodline to trace hereditary traits and medical conditions across multiple generations .
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artifact
[іменник]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

артефакт, предмет матеріальної культури

артефакт, предмет матеріальної культури

Ex: artifact, a beautifully carved statue , was a significant find that helped date the historical site .
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war-torn
[прикметник]

(of a country or place) damaged or destroyed severely as an aftermath of war

військово знищений, постраждалий від війни

військово знищений, постраждалий від війни

Ex: Journalists reported from the heart of war-torn area , documenting the impact of ongoing conflict on civilians .
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ranged weapon
[іменник]

any weapon that is capable of hitting a target at a distance beyond the reach of hands

дальньобійна зброя, вогнепальна зброя

дальньобійна зброя, вогнепальна зброя

Ex: Hunters in the wild relied on their trusty crossbows as a silent and ranged weapon for taking down game .
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melee weapon
[іменник]

a hand-held weapon such as a sword, spear, etc., used when one attacks enemies at a close range

ближня зброя, холодна зброя

ближня зброя, холодна зброя

Ex: Tribal warriors in ancient times crafted spears and axes as melee weapons for hunting and defense .
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machete
[іменник]

a long knife that has a wide and heavy blade, used as a weapon or a tool to cut plants and trees

мачете, шабля

мачете, шабля

Ex: machete's sharp blade makes it a formidable weapon in self-defense and survival situations .
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spartan
[прикметник]

relating to a city-state in ancient Greece called Sparta or its people

спартанський, спартанский

спартанський, спартанский

Ex: Spartan women enjoyed more rights and freedoms compared to other Greek city-states , participating actively in public life and sports .
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