قائمة الكلمات للمستوى C1 - التاريخ والآثار

a place or a collection of records or documents of historical importance

أرشيف

the study of books' history, their classification, production, editions, etc.

ببليوغرافيا

the act of formally and completely ending a system, practice, institution, or law

إلغاء

an area where a battle is being or was fought

ساحة المعركة

a large piece of armor made of strong material, carried on the arm by soldiers in the past

درع

a weapon with a long handle and a metal pointed tip, used for fighting and fishing in the past

رمح

a small-sized ax used by Native Americans for fighting or as a tool

فأس

a curved weapon joined at both ends by a string, capable of shooting arrows

قوس

a short weapon with a pointed blade

خنجر

a large and powerful gun that was used in the past to fire stone or metal balls

مدفع

a vehicle with usually four wheels, pulled by one or more horses

عربة

a vehicle with two wheels, drawn by horses, used in ancient times for warfare and racing

مركبة

an underground room in which prisoners were confined, particularly in a castle

زنزانة

a building or group of buildings used by troops to protect an area

حصن

someone who forcibly takes control of a city or country and its citizens

فاتح

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

خليفة

the period that a monarch rules

حكم

to place a crown on someone's head in a ceremony so that person officially becomes a king or queen

تتوج

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

فلاح

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

بدائي

able to be dated to a specific time

يمكن تأريخه

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

ما قبل التاريخ

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

العصر الجليدي

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

عصر الحجر

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

عصر البرونز

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

العصر الحديدي

a period of great prosperity and success, particularly in the past

العصر الذهبي

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

وسطى

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

التنوير

a war that is between people who are in the same country

الحرب الأهلية

related to a country that controls another territory or country

استعماري

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

إمبراطوري

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

أساطير

the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain

الثورة الصناعية

a title used for ancient Egyptian rulers

فرعون

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

علم الآثار

all family members of a person over several generations, particularly a notable person

نسل

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

أداة أثرية

(of a country or place) damaged or destroyed severely as an aftermath of war

ممزق بالحرب

any weapon that is capable of hitting a target at a distance beyond the reach of hands

سلاح بعيد

a hand-held weapon such as a sword, spear, etc., used when one attacks enemies at a close range

سلاح قتال قريب

a long knife that has a wide and heavy blade, used as a weapon or a tool to cut plants and trees

ماتشيت

relating to a city-state in ancient Greece called Sparta or its people

سبارتي