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Listă de Cuvinte Nivel C1 - Istorie și Artefacte

Aici vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză despre istorie și artefacte, cum ar fi "trăsură", "temniță", "abolire", etc., pregătite pentru elevii de nivel C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
archive
archive
[substantiv]

a place or a collection of records or documents of historical importance

arhivă, depozit de documente istorice

arhivă, depozit de documente istorice

Ex: The library's archive contains rare manuscripts and historical documents dating back centuries. 
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bibliography
bibliography
[substantiv]

the study of books' history, their classification, production, editions, etc.

bibliografie, studiul cărților

bibliografie, studiul cărților

Ex: Bibliography, as the study of books' production and dissemination throughout history, encompasses the evolution of printing technologies and publishing practices. 
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abolition
abolition
[substantiv]

the act of formally and completely ending a system, practice, institution, or law

abolire

abolire

Ex: The abolition of slavery in the 19th century marked a significant milestone in the fight for human rights. 
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battlefield
battlefield
[substantiv]

an area where a battle is being or was fought

câmp de luptă, teren de luptă

câmp de luptă, teren de luptă

Ex: Soldiers advanced cautiously across the battlefield, taking cover behind trees and rocks. 
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shield
shield
[substantiv]

a large piece of armor made of strong material, carried on the arm by soldiers in the past

scut,  pavăză

scut, pavăză

Ex: The knight raised his shield to deflect the enemy's sword during the battle. 
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spear
spear
[substantiv]

a weapon with a long handle and a metal pointed tip, used for fighting and fishing in the past

suliță, harpon

suliță, harpon

Ex: The hunter used a spear to catch fish in the river. 
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tomahawk
tomahawk
[substantiv]

a small-sized ax used by Native Americans for fighting or as a tool

tomahawk, topor mic folosit de amerindieni pentru luptă sau ca unealtă

tomahawk, topor mic folosit de amerindieni pentru luptă sau ca unealtă

Ex: The Native American warrior skillfully wielded a tomahawk in battle. 
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bow
bow
[substantiv]

a curved weapon joined at both ends by a string, capable of shooting arrows

arc, arc de săgeți

arc, arc de săgeți

Ex: The archer strung his bow and notched an arrow, aiming carefully at the distant target. 
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dagger
dagger
[substantiv]

a short weapon with a pointed blade

pumnal, dagger

pumnal, dagger

Ex: The assassin concealed a dagger in his cloak as he approached the target. 
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cannon
cannon
[substantiv]

a large and powerful gun that was used in the past to fire stone or metal balls

tun, piesa de artilerie

tun, piesa de artilerie

Ex: The fortress defended the city with rows of cannons lining its walls. 
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carriage
carriage
[substantiv]

a vehicle with usually four wheels, pulled by one or more horses

trăsură,  căruță

trăsură, căruță

Ex: The elegant carriage rolled down the cobblestone street, drawn by a pair of white horses. 
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chariot
chariot
[substantiv]

a vehicle with two wheels, drawn by horses, used in ancient times for warfare and racing

car, căruță

car, căruță

Ex: The chariot raced around the arena, cheered on by spectators at the ancient games. 
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dungeon
dungeon
[substantiv]

an underground room in which prisoners were confined, particularly in a castle

temniță, beciul castelului

temniță, beciul castelului

Ex: The dungeon in the old castle was damp and dark, with thick stone walls. 
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fort
fort
[substantiv]

a building or group of buildings used by troops to protect an area

fort, cetate

fort, cetate

Ex: The soldiers stationed at the fort defended the strategic hilltop from enemy attacks. 
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conqueror
conqueror
[substantiv]

someone who forcibly takes control of a city or country and its citizens

cuceritor

cuceritor

Ex: Alexander the Great is remembered as a legendary conqueror who created one of the largest empires in history. 
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successor
successor
[substantiv]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

succesor, moștenitor

succesor, moștenitor

Ex: The CEO announced her retirement and named her longtime deputy as her successor. 
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reign
reign
[substantiv]

the length of time during which a king, queen, or other monarch rules

domnie, domnie

domnie, domnie

Ex: Queen Victoria's reign lasted over 63 years. 
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to crown
to crown
[verb]

to place a crown on someone's head in a ceremony so that person officially becomes a king or queen

încorona

încorona

Ex: In the elaborate coronation ceremony, the Archbishop will crown the new monarch. 
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peasant
peasant
[substantiv]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

țăran, agricultor

țăran, agricultor

Ex: The peasant worked tirelessly in the fields, cultivating crops to feed his family and sell at the market. 
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primitive
primitive
[adjectiv]

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

primitiv, arhaic

primitiv, arhaic

Ex: The cave paintings depict the life of primitive man. 
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datable
datable
[adjectiv]

able to be dated to a specific time

databil, care poate fi datat

databil, care poate fi datat

Ex: The ancient pottery shards were datable to the Bronze Age, providing valuable insights into early human civilization. 
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prehistoric
prehistoric
[adjectiv]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

preistoric, antepopor

preistoric, antepopor

Ex: Archaeologists discovered prehistoric artifacts in the cave. 
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ice age
ice age
[substantiv]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

epoca glaciară, era glaciară

epoca glaciară, era glaciară

Ex: During the last ice age, vast glaciers covered much of North America and Europe. 
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Stone age
Stone age
[substantiv]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

epoca de piatră, era pietrei

epoca de piatră, era pietrei

Ex: The Stone Age was characterized by the use of simple stone tools and the development of early human societies. 
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Bronze Age
Bronze Age
[substantiv]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Epoca Bronzului, Perioada Bronzului

Epoca Bronzului, Perioada Bronzului

Ex: The Bronze Age marked a significant advancement in human technology with the development of metalworking skills. 
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Iron Age
Iron Age
[substantiv]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

Epoca Fierului, Perioada Fierului

Epoca Fierului, Perioada Fierului

Ex: The Iron Age followed the Bronze Age and was marked by the widespread use of iron for tools and weapons. 
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golden age
golden age
[substantiv]

an idealized or imagined period of peace, prosperity, and happiness

epoca de aur, vârsta de aur

epoca de aur, vârsta de aur

Ex: The novel depicted a golden age of harmony in the kingdom. 
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medieval
medieval
[adjectiv]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

medieval, aparținând Evului Mediu

medieval, aparținând Evului Mediu

Ex: The castle is a masterpiece of medieval architecture, complete with towers and battlements. 
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Enlightenment
Enlightenment
[substantiv]

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

Iluminismul, Epoca Luminilor

Iluminismul, Epoca Luminilor

Ex: The Enlightenment challenged traditional authority and promoted reason as the basis for understanding the world. 
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civil war
civil war
[substantiv]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

război civil, conflict intern

război civil, conflict intern

Ex: The American Civil War was fought between the Northern states (Union) and the Southern states (Confederacy) over issues of slavery and states' rights. 
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colonial
colonial
[adjectiv]

related to a country that controls another territory or country

colonial

colonial

Ex: Colonial rule often involved the imposition of new laws and institutions by the ruling power. 
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imperial
imperial
[adjectiv]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

imperial, împărătesc

imperial, împărătesc

Ex: The imperial dynasty ruled over vast territories and diverse peoples. 
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mythology
mythology
[substantiv]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

mitologie

mitologie

Ex: Greek mythology includes stories of gods, goddesses, and heroes such as Zeus, Athena, and Hercules. 
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industrial revolution

the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain

revoluția industrială, Revoluția Industrială

revoluția industrială, Revoluția Industrială

Ex: The Industrial Revolution transformed society by introducing machinery and steam power to manufacturing processes. 
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pharaoh
pharaoh
[substantiv]

a title used for ancient Egyptian rulers

faraon, suveran al Egiptului antic

faraon, suveran al Egiptului antic

Ex: The pharaohs of ancient Egypt were considered god-kings, ruling with absolute authority over their kingdom. 
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archeology
archeology
[substantiv]

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

arheologie, studiul civilizațiilor antice

arheologie, studiul civilizațiilor antice

Ex: Archaeology is the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation and analysis of artifacts, sites, and other physical remains. 
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bloodline
bloodline
[substantiv]

all family members of a person over several generations, particularly a notable person

linie de sânge, descendență

linie de sânge, descendență

Ex: The Kennedy family's political influence spans generations, reflecting a storied bloodline in American history. 
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artifact
artifact
[substantiv]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

artefact, obiect fabricat

artefact, obiect fabricat

Ex: Artifacts of early tool-making like stone knives and projectile points show the ingenuity and resourcefulness of Paleolithic humans. 
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war-torn
war-torn
[adjectiv]

(of a country or place) damaged or destroyed severely as an aftermath of war

devastat de război, distrus de război

devastat de război, distrus de război

Ex: The humanitarian organization provided aid to families displaced from their war-torn homes. 
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ranged weapon
ranged weapon
[substantiv]

any weapon that is capable of hitting a target at a distance beyond the reach of hands

armă la distanță, armă de aruncare

armă la distanță, armă de aruncare

Ex: The archer's preferred ranged weapon was a finely crafted longbow, capable of hitting targets from a great distance. 
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melee weapon
melee weapon
[substantiv]

a hand-held weapon such as a sword, spear, etc., used when one attacks enemies at a close range

armă de luptă corp la corp, armă melee

armă de luptă corp la corp, armă melee

Ex: The knight wielded a broadsword as his primary melee weapon in battle. 
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machete
machete
[substantiv]

a long knife that has a wide and heavy blade, used as a weapon or a tool to cut plants and trees

maceta, cuțit lung

maceta, cuțit lung

Ex: The farmer used a machete to clear thick brush and vegetation from his land. 
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spartan
spartan
[adjectiv]

relating to a city-state in ancient Greece called Sparta or its people

referitor la orașul-stat Sparta din Grecia antică sau la poporul său, spartan

referitor la orașul-stat Sparta din Grecia antică sau la poporul său, spartan

Ex: Spartan warriors were known for their rigorous training and disciplined lifestyle. 
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