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Seznam Slovíček Úrovně C1 - Historie a Artefakty

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o historii a artefaktech, jako jsou "kočár", "kobka", "zrušení" apod., připravená pro studenty úrovně C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
archive
archive
[Podstatné jméno]

a place or a collection of records or documents of historical importance

archiv, úložiště historických dokumentů

archiv, úložiště historických dokumentů

Ex: The library's archive contains rare manuscripts and historical documents dating back centuries. 
bibliography
bibliography
[Podstatné jméno]

the study of books' history, their classification, production, editions, etc.

bibliografie, studium knih

bibliografie, studium knih

Ex: Bibliography, as the study of books' production and dissemination throughout history, encompasses the evolution of printing technologies and publishing practices. 
abolition
abolition
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of formally and completely ending a system, practice, institution, or law

zrušení

zrušení

Ex: The abolition of slavery in the 19th century marked a significant milestone in the fight for human rights. 
battlefield
battlefield
[Podstatné jméno]

an area where a battle is being or was fought

bojiště, bojová zóna

bojiště, bojová zóna

Ex: Soldiers advanced cautiously across the battlefield, taking cover behind trees and rocks. 
shield
shield
[Podstatné jméno]

a large piece of armor made of strong material, carried on the arm by soldiers in the past

štít,  pavéza

štít, pavéza

Ex: The knight raised his shield to deflect the enemy's sword during the battle. 
spear
spear
[Podstatné jméno]

a weapon with a long handle and a metal pointed tip, used for fighting and fishing in the past

kopí, harpun

kopí, harpun

Ex: The hunter used a spear to catch fish in the river. 
tomahawk
tomahawk
[Podstatné jméno]

a small-sized ax used by Native Americans for fighting or as a tool

tomahavk, malá sekera používaná domorodými Američany k boji nebo jako nástroj

tomahavk, malá sekera používaná domorodými Američany k boji nebo jako nástroj

Ex: The Native American warrior skillfully wielded a tomahawk in battle. 
bow
bow
[Podstatné jméno]

a curved weapon joined at both ends by a string, capable of shooting arrows

luk, lovecký luk

luk, lovecký luk

Ex: The archer strung his bow and notched an arrow, aiming carefully at the distant target. 
dagger
dagger
[Podstatné jméno]

a short weapon with a pointed blade

dýka, bodák

dýka, bodák

Ex: The assassin concealed a dagger in his cloak as he approached the target. 
cannon
cannon
[Podstatné jméno]

a large and powerful gun that was used in the past to fire stone or metal balls

dělo, kanón

dělo, kanón

Ex: The fortress defended the city with rows of cannons lining its walls. 
carriage
carriage
[Podstatné jméno]

a vehicle with usually four wheels, pulled by one or more horses

kočár,  povoz

kočár, povoz

Ex: The elegant carriage rolled down the cobblestone street, drawn by a pair of white horses. 
chariot
chariot
[Podstatné jméno]

a vehicle with two wheels, drawn by horses, used in ancient times for warfare and racing

vůz, kočár

vůz, kočár

Ex: The chariot raced around the arena, cheered on by spectators at the ancient games. 
dungeon
dungeon
[Podstatné jméno]

an underground room in which prisoners were confined, particularly in a castle

kobka, podzemní vězení

kobka, podzemní vězení

Ex: The dungeon in the old castle was damp and dark, with thick stone walls. 
fort
fort
[Podstatné jméno]

a building or group of buildings used by troops to protect an area

pevnost, tvrz

pevnost, tvrz

Ex: The soldiers stationed at the fort defended the strategic hilltop from enemy attacks. 
conqueror
conqueror
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who forcibly takes control of a city or country and its citizens

dobyvatel

dobyvatel

Ex: Alexander the Great is remembered as a legendary conqueror who created one of the largest empires in history. 
successor
successor
[Podstatné jméno]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

nástupce, dědic

nástupce, dědic

Ex: The CEO announced her retirement and named her longtime deputy as her successor. 
reign
reign
[Podstatné jméno]

the length of time during which a king, queen, or other monarch rules

vláda, vláda

vláda, vláda

Ex: Queen Victoria's reign lasted over 63 years. 
to crown
to crown
[sloveso]

to place a crown on someone's head in a ceremony so that person officially becomes a king or queen

korunovat

korunovat

Ex: In the elaborate coronation ceremony, the Archbishop will crown the new monarch. 
peasant
peasant
[Podstatné jméno]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

rolník, zemědělec

rolník, zemědělec

Ex: The peasant worked tirelessly in the fields, cultivating crops to feed his family and sell at the market. 
primitive
primitive
[Přídavné jméno]

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

primitivní, archaický

primitivní, archaický

Ex: The cave paintings depict the life of primitive man. 
datable
datable
[Přídavné jméno]

able to be dated to a specific time

datovatelný, lze datovat

datovatelný, lze datovat

Ex: The ancient pottery shards were datable to the Bronze Age, providing valuable insights into early human civilization. 
prehistoric
prehistoric
[Přídavné jméno]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

pravěký, prehistorický

pravěký, prehistorický

Ex: Archaeologists discovered prehistoric artifacts in the cave. 
ice age
ice age
[Podstatné jméno]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

doba ledová, ledová doba

doba ledová, ledová doba

Ex: During the last ice age, vast glaciers covered much of North America and Europe. 
Stone age
Stone age
[Podstatné jméno]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

doba kamenná, období kamene

doba kamenná, období kamene

Ex: The Stone Age was characterized by the use of simple stone tools and the development of early human societies. 
Bronze Age
Bronze Age
[Podstatné jméno]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Doba bronzová, Období bronzu

Doba bronzová, Období bronzu

Ex: The Bronze Age marked a significant advancement in human technology with the development of metalworking skills. 
Iron Age
Iron Age
[Podstatné jméno]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

Doba železná, Období železa

Doba železná, Období železa

Ex: The Iron Age followed the Bronze Age and was marked by the widespread use of iron for tools and weapons. 
golden age
golden age
[Podstatné jméno]

an idealized or imagined period of peace, prosperity, and happiness

zlatý věk, zlatá éra

zlatý věk, zlatá éra

Ex: The novel depicted a golden age of harmony in the kingdom. 
medieval
medieval
[Přídavné jméno]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

středověký, patřící do středověku

středověký, patřící do středověku

Ex: The castle is a masterpiece of medieval architecture, complete with towers and battlements. 
Enlightenment
Enlightenment
[Podstatné jméno]

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

osvícenství, období osvícenství

osvícenství, období osvícenství

Ex: The Enlightenment challenged traditional authority and promoted reason as the basis for understanding the world. 
civil war
civil war
[Podstatné jméno]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

občanská válka, vnitřní konflikt

občanská válka, vnitřní konflikt

Ex: The American Civil War was fought between the Northern states (Union) and the Southern states (Confederacy) over issues of slavery and states' rights. 
colonial
colonial
[Přídavné jméno]

related to a country that controls another territory or country

koloniální

koloniální

Ex: Colonial rule often involved the imposition of new laws and institutions by the ruling power. 
imperial
imperial
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

císařský, imperiální

císařský, imperiální

Ex: The imperial dynasty ruled over vast territories and diverse peoples. 
mythology
mythology
[Podstatné jméno]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

mytologie

mytologie

Ex: Greek mythology includes stories of gods, goddesses, and heroes such as Zeus, Athena, and Hercules. 
industrial revolution
industrial revolution
[Podstatné jméno]

the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain

průmyslová revoluce, Průmyslová revoluce

průmyslová revoluce, Průmyslová revoluce

Ex: The Industrial Revolution transformed society by introducing machinery and steam power to manufacturing processes. 
pharaoh
pharaoh
[Podstatné jméno]

a title used for ancient Egyptian rulers

faraon, vládce starověkého Egypta

faraon, vládce starověkého Egypta

Ex: The pharaohs of ancient Egypt were considered god-kings, ruling with absolute authority over their kingdom. 
archeology
archeology
[Podstatné jméno]

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

archeologie, studium starověkých civilizací

archeologie, studium starověkých civilizací

Ex: Archaeology is the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation and analysis of artifacts, sites, and other physical remains. 
bloodline
bloodline
[Podstatné jméno]

all family members of a person over several generations, particularly a notable person

rodokmen, původ

rodokmen, původ

Ex: The Kennedy family's political influence spans generations, reflecting a storied bloodline in American history. 
artifact
artifact
[Podstatné jméno]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

artefakt, lidský výtvor

artefakt, lidský výtvor

Ex: Artifacts of early tool-making like stone knives and projectile points show the ingenuity and resourcefulness of Paleolithic humans. 
war-torn
war-torn
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a country or place) damaged or destroyed severely as an aftermath of war

zničený válkou, válkou zdevastovaný

zničený válkou, válkou zdevastovaný

Ex: The humanitarian organization provided aid to families displaced from their war-torn homes. 
ranged weapon
ranged weapon
[Podstatné jméno]

any weapon that is capable of hitting a target at a distance beyond the reach of hands

vzdálená zbraň, vrhací zbraň

vzdálená zbraň, vrhací zbraň

Ex: The archer's preferred ranged weapon was a finely crafted longbow, capable of hitting targets from a great distance. 
melee weapon
melee weapon
[Podstatné jméno]

a hand-held weapon such as a sword, spear, etc., used when one attacks enemies at a close range

zbraně na blízko, melee zbraň

zbraně na blízko, melee zbraň

Ex: The knight wielded a broadsword as his primary melee weapon in battle. 
machete
machete
[Podstatné jméno]

a long knife that has a wide and heavy blade, used as a weapon or a tool to cut plants and trees

mačeta, dlouhý nůž

mačeta, dlouhý nůž

Ex: The farmer used a machete to clear thick brush and vegetation from his land. 
spartan
spartan
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to a city-state in ancient Greece called Sparta or its people

vztahující se k městskému státu Sparta ve starověkém Řecku nebo jeho lidu, spartský

vztahující se k městskému státu Sparta ve starověkém Řecku nebo jeho lidu, spartský

Ex: Spartan warriors were known for their rigorous training and disciplined lifestyle. 
Seznam Slovíček Úrovně C1
Změny a DopadyAstronomyPrávo a KriminalitaMathematics
PříslovceTravelHistorie a Artefakty
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