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Liste de Mots Niveau C1 - Histoire Parle du Politique !

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur l'histoire et les artefacts, tels que "carrosse", "donjon", "abolition", etc., préparés pour les apprenants de niveau C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
archive
archive
[nom]

a collection of records or documents preserved for their historical value, or the place where such materials are kept

archives

archives

Ex: Maria spent several days researching old newspapers in the city archive. 
bibliography

the study of books' history, their classification, production, editions, etc.

bibliographie

bibliographie

Ex: Scholars specializing in bibliography often examine how editions of famous works have evolved over time, reflecting changes in cultural and intellectual trends. 

Les spécialistes en bibliographie examinent souvent comment les éditions des œuvres célèbres ont évolué au fil du temps, reflétant les changements dans les tendances culturelles et intellectuelles.

abolition

the act of formally and completely ending a system, practice, institution, or law

abolition

abolition

Ex: Some countries have advocated for the abolition of the death penalty, arguing for more humane forms of punishment. 
battlefield

an area where a battle is being or was fought

champ de bataille

champ de bataille

Ex: The historians studied the battlefield to understand the tactics used by both armies during the famous battle. 

Les historiens ont étudié le champ de bataille pour comprendre les tactiques utilisées par les deux armées lors de la célèbre bataille.

shield
shield
[nom]

a broad piece of armor carried on the arm to protect the body from weapons

bouclier

bouclier

Ex: The warrior carried a wooden shield into battle. 
spear
spear
[nom]

a weapon with a long handle and a metal pointed tip, used for fighting and fishing in the past

lance

lance

Ex: Warriors in ancient Greece wielded spears and shields in battle. 

Les guerriers dans la Grèce antique maniaient des lances et des boucliers au combat.

tomahawk

a small-sized ax used by Native Americans for fighting or as a tool

tomahawk, hache de guerre amérindienne

tomahawk, hache de guerre amérindienne

Ex: The museum exhibit showcased traditional tools, including a stone-headed tomahawk. 

L'exposition du musée présentait des outils traditionnels, notamment un tomahawk à tête de pierre.

bow
bow
[nom]

a curved weapon with a string stretched between its ends, used for shooting arrows

arc

arc

Ex: The archer raised her bow and aimed at the target. 
dagger
dagger
[nom]

a short weapon with a pointed blade

poignard

poignard

Ex: Sheathed in a leather scabbard, the dagger hung from the soldier's belt. 

Enveloppée dans un fourreau en cuir, la dague pendait à la ceinture du soldat.

cannon
cannon
[nom]

a large and powerful gun that was used in the past to fire stone or metal balls

canon

canon

Ex: The battlefield echoed with the thunderous roar of cannons during the siege. 

Le champ de bataille résonnait du rugissement tonitruant des canons pendant le siège.

carriage

a wheeled vehicle, usually with four wheels, that is pulled by one or more horses and carries people

calèche

calèche

Ex: A black carriage waited outside the hotel. 
chariot
chariot
[nom]

a vehicle with two wheels, drawn by horses, used in ancient times for warfare and racing

char

char

Ex: Warriors in ancient Egypt rode chariots into battle, wielding bows and spears. 

Les guerriers dans l'Égypte antique montaient des chars au combat, maniant des arcs et des lances.

dungeon
dungeon
[nom]

an underground room in which prisoners were confined, particularly in a castle

donjon

donjon

Ex: Prisoners awaited their fate in the dungeon, guarded by the castle's watchful knights. 

Les prisonniers attendaient leur sort dans le donjon, gardés par les chevaliers vigilants du château.

fort
fort
[nom]

a strong defensive building or enclosed position designed to resist military attack

fort

fort

Ex: Visitors can still walk around the walls of the ancient fort. 
conqueror

someone who forcibly takes control of a city or country and its citizens

conquérant, conquérante

conquérant, conquérante

Ex: The conqueror led his armies through numerous battles, claiming territories far and wide. 

Le conquérant a mené ses armées à travers de nombreuses batailles, revendiquant des territoires loin et large.

successor

a person who takes over a job, position, title, or role after someone else

successeur

successeur

Ex: She was widely regarded as his natural successor. 
reign
reign
[nom]

the period during which a particular monarch rules

règne

règne

Ex: Her reign lasted for nearly forty years. 
to crown
to crown
[verbe]

to place a crown on someone's head in a ceremony so that person officially becomes a king or queen

couronner

couronner

Ex: As tradition dictates, the queen's eldest son will be crowned upon the death of the reigning monarch. 
peasant
peasant
[nom]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

manant

manant

Ex: During medieval times, peasants were the backbone of the feudal economy, providing labor and food for the nobility. 
primitive
primitive
[Adjectif]

belonging to an early stage in the evolutionary development of humans or animals

primitif

primitif

Ex: The fossil belonged to a primitive ancestor of modern mammals. 
datable
datable
[Adjectif]

able to be dated to a specific time

datable

datable

Ex: By analyzing the tree rings, the archaeologists determined that the wooden structure was datable to the early 15th century. 

En analysant les cernes des arbres, les archéologues ont déterminé que la structure en bois était datable du début du XVe siècle.

prehistoric
prehistoric
[Adjectif]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

préhistorique

préhistorique

Ex: Prehistoric humans lived in caves and used stone tools for hunting. 

Les humains préhistoriques vivaient dans des grottes et utilisaient des outils en pierre pour chasser.

ice age
ice age
[nom]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

période glaciaire, ère glaciaire

période glaciaire, ère glaciaire

Ex: The woolly mammoth and saber-toothed tiger were iconic animals of the ice age. 

Le mammouth laineux et le tigre à dents de sabre étaient des animaux emblématiques de l'âge de glace.

Stone age

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

âge de pierre

âge de pierre

Ex: Archaeologists discovered a Stone Age settlement, complete with tools and cave paintings. 

Les archéologues ont découvert un établissement de l'âge de pierre, complet avec des outils et des peintures rupestres.

Bronze Age

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

l'âge de bronze

l'âge de bronze

Ex: During the Bronze Age, civilizations like Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt saw the rise of complex societies and urban centers. 

Pendant l'Âge du bronze, des civilisations comme la Mésopotamie et l'Égypte ancienne ont vu l'émergence de sociétés complexes et de centres urbains.

Iron Age

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

âge du fer

âge du fer

Ex: During the Iron Age, many societies saw significant advancements in agriculture, warfare, and architecture. 

Pendant l'âge du fer, de nombreuses sociétés ont connu des avancées significatives dans l'agriculture, la guerre et l'architecture.

golden age

an idealized or imagined period of peace, prosperity, and happiness

golden age

golden age

Ex: Historians sometimes refer to the Renaissance as a golden age. 

Les historiens qualifient parfois la Renaissance d'âge d'or.

medieval
medieval
[Adjectif]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

médiéval

médiéval

Ex: Medieval literature, such as the tales of King Arthur, continues to captivate modern readers. 

La littérature médiévale, comme les contes du roi Arthur, continue de captiver les lecteurs modernes.

Enlightenment

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

les Lumières

les Lumières

Ex: Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire and Rousseau advocated for freedom of thought and expression. 

Les penseurs des Lumières tels que Voltaire et Rousseau ont plaidé pour la liberté de pensée et d'expression.

civil war

a war that is between people who are in the same country

guerre civile

guerre civile

Ex: The English Civil War in the 17th century pitted supporters of Parliament against those loyal to the monarchy. 

La guerre civile anglaise au XVIIe siècle a opposé les partisans du Parlement à ceux fidèles à la monarchie.

colonial
colonial
[Adjectif]

relating to a colony, colonial rule, or colonialism

colonial

colonial

Ex: Many government buildings date from the colonial period. 
imperial
imperial
[Adjectif]

relating to an empire or to an emperor or empress

impérial

impérial

Ex: The museum contains objects from China's imperial past. 
mythology

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

mythologie

mythologie

Ex: Norse mythology features tales of gods like Odin, Thor, and Loki, as well as epic adventures of heroes and giants. 

La mythologie nordique présente des récits de dieux comme Odin, Thor et Loki, ainsi que des aventures épiques de héros et de géants.

industrial revolution

the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain

Révolution industrielle

Révolution industrielle

Ex: The textile industry was one of the first to undergo significant changes during the Industrial Revolution. 

L'industrie textile a été l'une des premières à subir des changements significatifs pendant la Révolution industrielle.

pharaoh
pharaoh
[nom]

a title used for ancient Egyptian rulers

pharaon

pharaon

Ex: Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb, discovered in the Valley of the Kings, contained treasures and artifacts that provided insights into ancient Egyptian culture. 

La tombe du pharaon Toutankhamon, découverte dans la Vallée des Rois, contenait des trésors et des artefacts qui ont permis de mieux comprendre la culture égyptienne antique.

archeology

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

archéologie

archéologie

Ex: The discovery of the Rosetta Stone was a breakthrough in Egyptology and archaeology, enabling the decipherment of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs. 

La découverte de la pierre de Rosette a été une percée en égyptologie et en archéologie, permettant le déchiffrement des hiéroglyphes égyptiens anciens.

bloodline

all family members of a person over several generations, particularly a notable person

lignée, descendance

lignée, descendance

Ex: In Japan, the imperial bloodline has maintained a lineage that dates back over a millennium. 

Au Japon, la lignée impériale a maintenu une descendance qui remonte à plus d'un millénaire.

artifact

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

objet (fabriqué)

objet (fabriqué)

Ex: The pottery shard, an artifact from the early settlers, was carefully preserved for future study. 

Le tesson de poterie, un artéfact des premiers colons, a été soigneusement conservé pour une étude future.

war-torn
war-torn
[Adjectif]

(of a country or place) damaged or destroyed severely as an aftermath of war

dévasté par la guerre, ravagé par la guerre

dévasté par la guerre, ravagé par la guerre

Ex: After years of conflict, the war-torn city lay in ruins, with buildings destroyed and infrastructure in disarray. 

Après des années de conflit, la ville déchirée par la guerre gisait en ruines, avec des bâtiments détruits et des infrastructures en désordre.

ranged weapon

any weapon that is capable of hitting a target at a distance beyond the reach of hands

arme à distance, arme de jet

arme à distance, arme de jet

Ex: In ancient warfare, the sling was a versatile ranged weapon used by soldiers to launch projectiles at their enemies. 

Dans la guerre antique, la fronde était une arme à distance polyvalente utilisée par les soldats pour lancer des projectiles sur leurs ennemis.

melee weapon

a hand-held weapon such as a sword, spear, etc., used when one attacks enemies at a close range

arme de mêlée, arme au corps à corps

arme de mêlée, arme au corps à corps

Ex: In medieval times, the mace was a brutal melee weapon favored by foot soldiers and knights. 

Au Moyen Âge, la masse était une arme de mêlée brutale prisée par les soldats à pied et les chevaliers.

machete
machete
[nom]

a long knife that has a wide and heavy blade, used as a weapon or a tool to cut plants and trees

machette, couteau à longue lame

machette, couteau à longue lame

Ex: In some cultures, the machete is an essential tool for everyday tasks such as chopping wood and clearing paths. 

Dans certaines cultures, la machette est un outil essentiel pour les tâches quotidiennes comme couper du bois et dégager des chemins.

spartan
spartan
[Adjectif]

relating to a city-state in ancient Greece called Sparta or its people

relatif à la cité-état de Sparte dans la Grèce antique ou à son peuple, spartiate

relatif à la cité-état de Sparte dans la Grèce antique ou à son peuple, spartiate

Ex: The Spartan military was formidable, emphasizing bravery, endurance, and loyalty to the state. 

L'armée spartiate était redoutable, mettant l'accent sur le courage, l'endurance et la loyauté envers l'État.

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