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Listahan ng mga Salita sa Antas C1 - Kasaysayan at Artipaktos

Dito ay matututuhan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa kasaysayan at mga artifact, tulad ng "karwahe", "piitan", "pagpawi", atbp., na inihanda para sa mga mag-aaral ng antas C1.

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Simulan ang pag-aaral
CEFR C1 Vocabulary
archive
archive
[Pangngalan]

a collection of records or documents preserved for their historical value, or the place where such materials are kept

archive,  mga archive

archive, mga archive

Ex: The university archive contains letters written by former students. 
bibliography
bibliography
[Pangngalan]

the study of books' history, their classification, production, editions, etc.

bibliograpiya, pag-aaral ng mga aklat

bibliograpiya, pag-aaral ng mga aklat

Ex: Bibliography, as the study of books' production and dissemination throughout history, encompasses the evolution of printing technologies and publishing practices. 

Ang bibliograpiya, bilang pag-aaral sa produksyon at pagpapalaganap ng mga libro sa kasaysayan, ay sumasaklaw sa ebolusyon ng mga teknolohiya ng pag-print at mga kasanayan sa paglalathala.

abolition
abolition
[Pangngalan]

the act of formally and completely ending a system, practice, institution, or law

pagpawi

pagpawi

Ex: The abolition of slavery in the 19th century marked a significant milestone in the fight for human rights. 
battlefield
battlefield
[Pangngalan]

an area where a battle is being or was fought

larangan ng digmaan, battlefield

larangan ng digmaan, battlefield

Ex: Soldiers advanced cautiously across the battlefield, taking cover behind trees and rocks. 

Maingat na sumulong ang mga sundalo sa larangan ng digmaan, nagtatago sa likod ng mga puno at bato.

shield
shield
[Pangngalan]

a broad piece of armor carried on the arm to protect the body from weapons

kalasag,  panangga

kalasag, panangga

Ex: The soldier raised his shield to block the arrow. 
spear
spear
[Pangngalan]

a weapon with a long handle and a metal pointed tip, used for fighting and fishing in the past

sibat, salapang

sibat, salapang

Ex: The hunter used a spear to catch fish in the river. 

Gumamit ang mangangaso ng sibat para manghuli ng isda sa ilog.

tomahawk
tomahawk
[Pangngalan]

a small-sized ax used by Native Americans for fighting or as a tool

tomahawk, maliit na palakol na ginagamit ng mga Katutubong Amerikano para sa labanan o bilang kasangkapan

tomahawk, maliit na palakol na ginagamit ng mga Katutubong Amerikano para sa labanan o bilang kasangkapan

Ex: The Native American warrior skillfully wielded a tomahawk in battle. 

Mahusay na ginamit ng mandirigmang Native American ang isang tomahawk sa labanan.

bow
bow
[Pangngalan]

a curved weapon with a string stretched between its ends, used for shooting arrows

pana

pana

Ex: Ryan learned to shoot a bow at summer camp. 
dagger
dagger
[Pangngalan]

a short weapon with a pointed blade

punyal, daga

punyal, daga

Ex: The assassin concealed a dagger in his cloak as he approached the target. 

Itinago ng assassin ang isang dagger sa kanyang balabal habang lumalapit siya sa target.

cannon
cannon
[Pangngalan]

a large and powerful gun that was used in the past to fire stone or metal balls

kanyon, malaking baril

kanyon, malaking baril

Ex: The fortress defended the city with rows of cannons lining its walls. 

Ang kuta ay nagtanggol sa lungsod na may mga hanay ng mga kanyon na nakahanay sa mga pader nito.

carriage
carriage
[Pangngalan]

a wheeled vehicle, usually with four wheels, that is pulled by one or more horses and carries people

karwahe,  kalesa

karwahe, kalesa

Ex: The couple arrived at the palace in a horse-drawn carriage. 
chariot
chariot
[Pangngalan]

a vehicle with two wheels, drawn by horses, used in ancient times for warfare and racing

karwahe, sasakyan

karwahe, sasakyan

Ex: The chariot raced around the arena, cheered on by spectators at the ancient games. 

Ang karwahe ay nagkarera sa palibot ng arena, pinasigla ng mga manonood sa sinaunang laro.

dungeon
dungeon
[Pangngalan]

an underground room in which prisoners were confined, particularly in a castle

piitan, bilangguan sa ilalim ng lupa

piitan, bilangguan sa ilalim ng lupa

Ex: The dungeon in the old castle was damp and dark, with thick stone walls. 

Ang dungeon sa lumang kastilyo ay basa at madilim, na may makapal na pader na bato.

fort
fort
[Pangngalan]

a strong defensive building or enclosed position designed to resist military attack

kuta,  tanggulan

kuta, tanggulan

Ex: The soldiers defended the fort throughout the night. 
conqueror
conqueror
[Pangngalan]

someone who forcibly takes control of a city or country and its citizens

mananakop

mananakop

Ex: Alexander the Great is remembered as a legendary conqueror who created one of the largest empires in history. 

Si Alexander the Great ay naaalala bilang isang maalamat na manlulupig na lumikha ng isa sa pinakamalaking imperyo sa kasaysayan.

successor
successor
[Pangngalan]

a person who takes over a job, position, title, or role after someone else

kahalili,  tagapagmana

kahalili, tagapagmana

Ex: The board has not yet chosen a successor to the retiring director. 
reign
reign
[Pangngalan]

the period during which a particular monarch rules

pagkahari

pagkahari

Ex: The palace was built during the king's reign. 
to crown
to crown
[Pandiwa]

to place a crown on someone's head in a ceremony so that person officially becomes a king or queen

koronahan

koronahan

Ex: The citizens eagerly awaited the moment when the prince would be crowned as the rightful heir to the throne. 
peasant
peasant
[Pangngalan]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

magsasaka, magbubukid

magsasaka, magbubukid

Ex: In many poorer countries, peasants continue to use traditional farming methods handed down from their ancestors. 
primitive
primitive
[pang-uri]

belonging to an early stage in the evolutionary development of humans or animals

primitibo, sinauna

primitibo, sinauna

Ex: Primitive humans relied on simple tools for hunting and survival. 
datable
datable
[pang-uri]

able to be dated to a specific time

matatanda, maaaring matandaan

matatanda, maaaring matandaan

Ex: The ancient pottery shards were datable to the Bronze Age, providing valuable insights into early human civilization. 

Ang mga sinaunang piraso ng palayok ay matatandaan sa Panahon ng Bronze, na nagbibigay ng mahalagang pananaw sa maagang sibilisasyon ng tao.

prehistoric
prehistoric
[pang-uri]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

prehistoriko, panahon bago ang kasaysayan

prehistoriko, panahon bago ang kasaysayan

Ex: Archaeologists discovered prehistoric artifacts in the cave. 

Natuklasan ng mga arkeologo ang mga artifact na prehistoriko sa kuweba.

ice age
ice age
[Pangngalan]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

panahon ng yelo, edad ng yelo

panahon ng yelo, edad ng yelo

Ex: During the last ice age, vast glaciers covered much of North America and Europe. 

Noong huling panahon ng yelo, malawak na mga glacier ang sumakop sa malaking bahagi ng Hilagang Amerika at Europa.

Stone age
Stone age
[Pangngalan]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

panahon ng bato, edad ng bato

panahon ng bato, edad ng bato

Ex: The Stone Age was characterized by the use of simple stone tools and the development of early human societies. 

Ang Panahon ng Bato ay nailalarawan sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng simpleng mga kagamitang bato at pag-unlad ng mga sinaunang lipunan ng tao.

Bronze Age
Bronze Age
[Pangngalan]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Panahon ng Tanso, Edad ng Bronse

Panahon ng Tanso, Edad ng Bronse

Ex: The Bronze Age marked a significant advancement in human technology with the development of metalworking skills. 

Ang Panahon ng Tanso ay nagmarka ng isang makabuluhang pagsulong sa teknolohiya ng tao sa pag-unlad ng mga kasanayan sa paggawa ng metal.

Iron Age
Iron Age
[Pangngalan]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

Panahon ng Bakal, Edad ng Bakal

Panahon ng Bakal, Edad ng Bakal

Ex: The Iron Age followed the Bronze Age and was marked by the widespread use of iron for tools and weapons. 

Ang Panahon ng Bakal ay sumunod sa Panahon ng Tanso at minarkahan ng malawakang paggamit ng bakal para sa mga kasangkapan at armas.

golden age
golden age
[Pangngalan]

an idealized or imagined period of peace, prosperity, and happiness

gintong panahon, gintong edad

gintong panahon, gintong edad

Ex: The novel depicted a golden age of harmony in the kingdom. 

Inilarawan ng nobela ang isang gintong panahon ng pagkakasundo sa kaharian.

medieval
medieval
[pang-uri]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

medyebal, ng Panahong Medyebal

medyebal, ng Panahong Medyebal

Ex: His novel is set in a medieval village, capturing the lifestyle and beliefs of that time. 

Ang kanyang nobela ay nakatakda sa isang medyebal na nayon, na kinukunan ang pamumuhay at paniniwala ng panahong iyon.

Enlightenment
Enlightenment
[Pangngalan]

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

Kaliwanagan, Panahon ng Kaliwanagan

Kaliwanagan, Panahon ng Kaliwanagan

Ex: The Enlightenment challenged traditional authority and promoted reason as the basis for understanding the world. 

Ang Enlightenment ay humamon sa tradisyonal na awtoridad at itaguyod ang katwiran bilang batayan para maunawaan ang mundo.

civil war
civil war
[Pangngalan]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

digmaang sibil, panloob na labanan

digmaang sibil, panloob na labanan

Ex: The American Civil War was fought between the Northern states (Union) and the Southern states (Confederacy) over issues of slavery and states' rights. 

Ang digmaang sibil ng Amerika ay ipinaglaban sa pagitan ng mga estado ng Hilaga (Unyon) at mga estado ng Timog (Konpederasyon) sa mga isyu ng pang-aalipin at karapatan ng mga estado.

colonial
colonial
[pang-uri]

relating to a colony, colonial rule, or colonialism

kolonyal,  makakolonya

kolonyal, makakolonya

Ex: The country gained independence after decades of colonial rule. 
imperial
imperial
[pang-uri]

relating to an empire or to an emperor or empress

imperyal, imperyal

imperyal, imperyal

Ex: The palace was once the center of imperial power. 
mythology
mythology
[Pangngalan]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

mitolohiya

mitolohiya

Ex: Greek mythology includes stories of gods, goddesses, and heroes such as Zeus, Athena, and Hercules. 

Ang mitolohiyang Griyego ay may mga kuwento ng mga diyos, diyosa, at bayani tulad ni Zeus, Athena, at Hercules.

industrial revolution

the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain

rebolusyong industriyal, Rebolusyong Industriyal

rebolusyong industriyal, Rebolusyong Industriyal

Ex: The Industrial Revolution transformed society by introducing machinery and steam power to manufacturing processes. 

Ang Industrial Revolution ay nagbago sa lipunan sa pamamagitan ng pagpapakilala ng makinarya at steam power sa mga proseso ng pagmamanupaktura.

pharaoh
pharaoh
[Pangngalan]

a title used for ancient Egyptian rulers

paro, pinuno ng sinaunang Ehipto

paro, pinuno ng sinaunang Ehipto

Ex: The pharaohs of ancient Egypt were considered god-kings, ruling with absolute authority over their kingdom. 

Ang mga pharaoh ng sinaunang Ehipto ay itinuturing na mga diyos-hari, na namumuno nang may ganap na awtoridad sa kanilang kaharian.

archeology
archeology
[Pangngalan]

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

arkeolohiya, pag-aaral ng mga sinaunang sibilisasyon

arkeolohiya, pag-aaral ng mga sinaunang sibilisasyon

Ex: Archaeology is the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation and analysis of artifacts, sites, and other physical remains. 

Ang arkeolohiya ay ang pag-aaral ng kasaysayan ng tao at prehistorya sa pamamagitan ng paghuhukay at pagsusuri ng mga artifact, site, at iba pang pisikal na labi.

bloodline
bloodline
[Pangngalan]

all family members of a person over several generations, particularly a notable person

angkan, lahi

angkan, lahi

Ex: The Kennedy family's political influence spans generations, reflecting a storied bloodline in American history. 

Ang impluwensyang pampulitika ng pamilyang Kennedy ay sumasaklaw sa mga henerasyon, na nagpapakita ng isang kilalang angkan sa kasaysayan ng Amerika.

artifact
artifact
[Pangngalan]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

artipakto, bagay na gawa ng tao

artipakto, bagay na gawa ng tao

Ex: Artifacts of early tool-making like stone knives and projectile points show the ingenuity and resourcefulness of Paleolithic humans. 

Ang mga artipakto ng maagang paggawa ng kasangkapan tulad ng mga kutsilyong bato at mga punto ng projectile ay nagpapakita ng katalinuhan at kakayahan ng mga tao noong Panahon ng Paleolitiko.

war-torn
war-torn
[pang-uri]

(of a country or place) damaged or destroyed severely as an aftermath of war

wasak dahil sa digmaan, nasira dahil sa digmaan

wasak dahil sa digmaan, nasira dahil sa digmaan

Ex: The humanitarian organization provided aid to families displaced from their war-torn homes. 

Ang organisasyong humanitarian ay nagbigay ng tulong sa mga pamilyang lumikas mula sa kanilang mga tahanang winasak ng digmaan.

ranged weapon
ranged weapon
[Pangngalan]

any weapon that is capable of hitting a target at a distance beyond the reach of hands

sandatang may layo, sandatang pambato

sandatang may layo, sandatang pambato

Ex: The archer's preferred ranged weapon was a finely crafted longbow, capable of hitting targets from a great distance. 

Ang paboritong ranged weapon ng archer ay isang masining na ginawang longbow, na kayang tamaan ang mga target mula sa malayong distansya.

melee weapon
melee weapon
[Pangngalan]

a hand-held weapon such as a sword, spear, etc., used when one attacks enemies at a close range

sandata sa malapitan, sandata ng melee

sandata sa malapitan, sandata ng melee

Ex: The knight wielded a broadsword as his primary melee weapon in battle. 

Ang kabalyero ay gumamit ng isang malapad na espada bilang kanyang pangunahing sandata sa malapitan sa labanan.

machete
machete
[Pangngalan]

a long knife that has a wide and heavy blade, used as a weapon or a tool to cut plants and trees

machete, mahabang kutsilyo

machete, mahabang kutsilyo

Ex: The farmer used a machete to clear thick brush and vegetation from his land. 

Ginamit ng magsasaka ang isang machete para linisin ang makapal na mga damo at halaman sa kanyang lupa.

spartan
spartan
[pang-uri]

relating to a city-state in ancient Greece called Sparta or its people

kaugnay sa lungsod-estado ng Sparta sa sinaunang Gresya o sa mga tao nito, Spartan

kaugnay sa lungsod-estado ng Sparta sa sinaunang Gresya o sa mga tao nito, Spartan

Ex: Spartan warriors were known for their rigorous training and disciplined lifestyle. 

Ang mga mandirigmang Spartan ay kilala sa kanilang mahigpit na pagsasanay at disiplinadong pamumuhay.

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