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Lista Słówek Poziomu C1 - Historia i artefakty

Tutaj nauczysz się kilku angielskich słów na temat historii i artefaktów, takich jak „carrriage”, „dungeon”, „abolition” itp., przygotowanych dla uczniów C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
archive
[Rzeczownik]

a place or a collection of records or documents of historical importance

archiwum, zbiór dokumentów

archiwum, zbiór dokumentów

Ex: archive of the newspaper provides a valuable resource for studying local history and events .
bibliography
[Rzeczownik]

the study of books' history, their classification, production, editions, etc.

bibliografia, bibliotechnika

bibliografia, bibliotechnika

Ex: The course on bibliology covers the development of manuscript illumination and illustration techniques.
abolition
[Rzeczownik]

the act of formally and completely ending a system, practice, institution, or law

abolicja, zniesienie

abolicja, zniesienie

Ex: Various countries have implemented laws and reforms to ensure abolition of child labor , aiming to protect the rights and well-being of children .
battlefield
[Rzeczownik]

an area where a battle is being or was fought

pole bitwy, teren bitwy

pole bitwy, teren bitwy

Ex: Archaeologists discovered artifacts buried beneath battlefield, shedding light on ancient warfare techniques .
shield
[Rzeczownik]

a large piece of armor made of strong material, carried on the arm by soldiers in the past

tarcza, osłona

tarcza, osłona

Ex: In medieval times , knights adorned shields with colorful heraldic designs to identify their families .
spear
[Rzeczownik]

a weapon with a long handle and a metal pointed tip, used for fighting and fishing in the past

dzida, włócznia

dzida, włócznia

Ex: During the hunt , the tribesmen worked together to surround the wild boar and attack it spears.
tomahawk
[Rzeczownik]

a small-sized ax used by Native Americans for fighting or as a tool

tomahawk, topór tomahawku

tomahawk, topór tomahawku

Ex: The explorer admired the craftsmanship of the ornately tomahawk on display at the cultural center .
bow
[Rzeczownik]

a curved weapon joined at both ends by a string, capable of shooting arrows

łuk, wyrzutnia

łuk, wyrzutnia

Ex: She drew back the bowstring, feeling the tension build before releasing the arrow with precision.
dagger
[Rzeczownik]

a short weapon with a pointed blade

sztylet, dagger

sztylet, dagger

Ex: In ancient timesdaggers were used for close combat and as tools for everyday tasks .
cannon
[Rzeczownik]

a large and powerful gun that was used in the past to fire stone or metal balls

armata, działo

armata, działo

Ex: Cannons played a crucial role in shaping the outcome of battles throughout history .
carriage
[Rzeczownik]

a vehicle with usually four wheels, pulled by one or more horses

karoca, wóz

karoca, wóz

Ex: The carriage was adorned with gold trim and velvet cushions for maximum comfort .
chariot
[Rzeczownik]

a vehicle with two wheels, drawn by horses, used in ancient times for warfare and racing

rydwan, wóz wyścigowy

rydwan, wóz wyścigowy

Ex: Chariot racing was a popular sport in ancient Rome, drawing large crowds to the Circus Maximus.
dungeon
[Rzeczownik]

an underground room in which prisoners were confined, particularly in a castle

loch, więzienie

loch, więzienie

Ex: She explored dungeon during the castle tour , imagining the hardships of those who were imprisoned there .
fort
[Rzeczownik]

a building or group of buildings used by troops to protect an area

fort, garnizon

fort, garnizon

Ex: fort's walls were reinforced with stone and earthworks to withstand sieges and assaults .
conqueror
[Rzeczownik]

someone who forcibly takes control of a city or country and its citizens

podbójca, zdobywca

podbójca, zdobywca

Ex: Genghis Khan , a conqueror, expanded the Mongol Empire across vast regions of Asia and Europe .
successor
[Rzeczownik]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

następca, dziedzic

następca, dziedzic

Ex: The company was eager to find a worthy successor to continue the founder's legacy and lead it into the future.
reign
[Rzeczownik]

the period that a monarch rules

panowanie, rządy

panowanie, rządy

Ex: The reign of the king saw significant advancements in arts and science throughout the kingdom .
to crown
[Czasownik]

to place a crown on someone's head in a ceremony so that person officially becomes a king or queen

ukoronować, przyozdobić koroną

ukoronować, przyozdobić koroną

Ex: The citizens eagerly awaited the moment when the prince would crowned as the rightful heir to the throne .
peasant
[Rzeczownik]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

chłop, wieśniak

chłop, wieśniak

Ex: In many poorer countriespeasants continue to use traditional farming methods handed down from their ancestors .
primitive
[przymiotnik]

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

prymitywny, pierwotny

prymitywny, pierwotny

Ex: The island 's ecosystem still primitive species that have remained unchanged for centuries .
datable
[przymiotnik]

able to be dated to a specific time

datowalny, możliwy do datowania

datowalny, możliwy do datowania

Ex: The artifacts discovered in the tomb were datable due to the inscriptions that indicated the reign of a specific pharaoh .
prehistoric
[przymiotnik]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

prehistoryczny, z epoki prehistorii

prehistoryczny, z epoki prehistorii

Ex: Researchers use carbon dating to determine the age prehistoric artifacts .
ice age
[Rzeczownik]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

epoka lodowcowa, czas lodowcowy

epoka lodowcowa, czas lodowcowy

Ex: Geological evidence suggests that ice age shaped many of the Earth 's current landscapes and ecosystems .
Stone age
[Rzeczownik]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

epoka kamienia, kamienny wiek

epoka kamienia, kamienny wiek

Ex: The transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age marked a significant technological and cultural shift in human history.
Bronze Age
[Rzeczownik]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Epoka brązu, Okres brązu

Epoka brązu, Okres brązu

Ex: Trade flourished during Bronze Age, as cultures exchanged bronze goods , ideas , and innovations across vast distances .
Iron Age
[Rzeczownik]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

wiek żelaza, era żelaza

wiek żelaza, era żelaza

Ex: Iron Age brought about changes in social structures and trade , as iron became a valuable and widely-used resource .
golden age
[Rzeczownik]

a period of great prosperity and success, particularly in the past

złoty wiek, złota era

złoty wiek, złota era

Ex: golden age of Islam saw major contributions to science , medicine , and philosophy , influencing many future generations .
medieval
[przymiotnik]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

średniowieczny, mediewalny

średniowieczny, mediewalny

Ex: Medieval armor and weapons are displayed in the exhibit on chivalric knights .
Enlightenment
[Rzeczownik]

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

Oświecenie, Epoka Oświecenia

Oświecenie, Epoka Oświecenia

Ex: The Enlightenment had a profound impact on political thought, influencing the ideas of democracy and individual rights.
civil war
[Rzeczownik]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

wojna domowa, wojna cywilna

wojna domowa, wojna cywilna

Ex: Civil wars typically arise from internal conflicts over political , social , or economic differences within a nation .
colonial
[przymiotnik]

related to a country that controls another territory or country

kolonialny, kolonistyczny

kolonialny, kolonistyczny

Ex: Colonial governments imposed taxes and tariffs on local populations to colonial administration and infrastructure projects .
imperial
[przymiotnik]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

imperialny, cesarski

imperialny, cesarski

Ex: The decline of imperial system marked the end of an era in history .
mythology
[Rzeczownik]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

mitologia, mity

mitologia, mity

Ex: Many cultures around the world have their mythology, which reflects their history , values , and worldview .

the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain

rewolucja przemysłowa, przemysłowa rewolucja

rewolucja przemysłowa, przemysłowa rewolucja

Ex: The Industrial Revolution brought about profound economic, social, and technological changes that continue to shape the modern world.
pharaoh
[Rzeczownik]

a title used for ancient Egyptian rulers

faraon, król Egiptu

faraon, król Egiptu

Ex: Hieroglyphic inscriptions on temple walls and monuments often glorified the achievements and divine status of the pharaohs.
archeology
[Rzeczownik]

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

archeologia, archeologiczna nauka

archeologia, archeologiczna nauka

Ex: The field of archaeology includes various sub-disciplines such as maritime archaeology, historical archaeology, and bioarchaeology.
bloodline
[Rzeczownik]

all family members of a person over several generations, particularly a notable person

linia krwi, rodowód

linia krwi, rodowód

Ex: The geneticist studied the bloodline to trace hereditary traits and medical conditions across multiple generations .
artifact
[Rzeczownik]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

artefakt, wyrób

artefakt, wyrób

Ex: artifact, a beautifully carved statue , was a significant find that helped date the historical site .
war-torn
[przymiotnik]

(of a country or place) damaged or destroyed severely as an aftermath of war

dotknięty wojną, zniszczony wojną

dotknięty wojną, zniszczony wojną

Ex: Journalists reported from the heart of war-torn area , documenting the impact of ongoing conflict on civilians .
ranged weapon
[Rzeczownik]

any weapon that is capable of hitting a target at a distance beyond the reach of hands

broń dystansowa, broń zasięgowa

broń dystansowa, broń zasięgowa

Ex: Hunters in the wild relied on their trusty crossbows as a silent and effective ranged weapon for taking down game.
melee weapon
[Rzeczownik]

a hand-held weapon such as a sword, spear, etc., used when one attacks enemies at a close range

broń ręczna, broń bliska

broń ręczna, broń bliska

Ex: Tribal warriors in ancient times crafted spears and axes as versatile melee weapons for hunting and defense.
machete
[Rzeczownik]

a long knife that has a wide and heavy blade, used as a weapon or a tool to cut plants and trees

maczeta, macheta

maczeta, macheta

Ex: machete's sharp blade makes it a formidable weapon in self-defense and survival situations .
spartan
[przymiotnik]

relating to a city-state in ancient Greece called Sparta or its people

spartański, spartańsko

spartański, spartańsko

Ex: Spartan women enjoyed more rights and freedoms compared to other Greek city-states , participating actively in public life and sports .
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