Lista Słówek Poziomu C1 - Historia i artefakty

a place or a collection of records or documents of historical importance

archiwum, zbiór dokumentów

the study of books' history, their classification, production, editions, etc.

bibliografia, bibliotechnika

the act of formally and completely ending a system, practice, institution, or law

abolicja, zniesienie

an area where a battle is being or was fought

pole bitwy, teren bitwy

a large piece of armor made of strong material, carried on the arm by soldiers in the past

tarcza, osłona

a weapon with a long handle and a metal pointed tip, used for fighting and fishing in the past

dzida, włócznia

a small-sized ax used by Native Americans for fighting or as a tool

tomahawk, topór tomahawku

a curved weapon joined at both ends by a string, capable of shooting arrows

łuk, wyrzutnia

a short weapon with a pointed blade

sztylet, dagger

a large and powerful gun that was used in the past to fire stone or metal balls

armata, działo

a vehicle with usually four wheels, pulled by one or more horses

karoca, wóz

a vehicle with two wheels, drawn by horses, used in ancient times for warfare and racing

rydwan, wóz wyścigowy

an underground room in which prisoners were confined, particularly in a castle

loch, więzienie

a building or group of buildings used by troops to protect an area

fort, garnizon

someone who forcibly takes control of a city or country and its citizens

podbójca, zdobywca

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

następca, dziedzic

the period that a monarch rules

panowanie, rządy

to place a crown on someone's head in a ceremony so that person officially becomes a king or queen

ukoronować, przyozdobić koroną

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

chłop, wieśniak

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

prymitywny, pierwotny

able to be dated to a specific time

datowalny, możliwy do datowania

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

prehistoryczny, z epoki prehistorii

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

epoka lodowcowa, czas lodowcowy

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

epoka kamienia, kamienny wiek

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Epoka brązu, Okres brązu

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

wiek żelaza, era żelaza

a period of great prosperity and success, particularly in the past

złoty wiek, złota era

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

średniowieczny, mediewalny

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

Oświecenie, Epoka Oświecenia

a war that is between people who are in the same country

wojna domowa, wojna cywilna

related to a country that controls another territory or country

kolonialny, kolonistyczny

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

imperialny, cesarski

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

mitologia, mity

the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain

rewolucja przemysłowa, przemysłowa rewolucja

a title used for ancient Egyptian rulers

faraon, król Egiptu

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

archeologia, archeologiczna nauka

all family members of a person over several generations, particularly a notable person

linia krwi, rodowód

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

artefakt, wyrób

(of a country or place) damaged or destroyed severely as an aftermath of war

dotknięty wojną, zniszczony wojną

any weapon that is capable of hitting a target at a distance beyond the reach of hands

broń dystansowa, broń zasięgowa

a hand-held weapon such as a sword, spear, etc., used when one attacks enemies at a close range

broń ręczna, broń bliska

a long knife that has a wide and heavy blade, used as a weapon or a tool to cut plants and trees

maczeta, macheta

relating to a city-state in ancient Greece called Sparta or its people

spartański, spartańsko