C1 Level Wordlist - History and Artifacts

Here you will learn some English words about history and artifacts, such as "carriage", "dungeon", "abolition", etc. prepared for C1 learners.

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archive [noun]

a place or a collection of records or documents of historical importance

Ex: The museum curator carefully preserved the old photographs in the museum 's archive .

bibliography [noun]

the study of books' history, their classification, production, editions, etc.

Ex:

abolition [noun]

the act of formally and completely ending a system, practice, institution, or law

Ex: The civil rights movement in the United States aimed at the abolition of segregation laws that enforced racial discrimination .

battlefield [noun]

an area where a battle is being or was fought

Ex: Despite the dangers , journalists bravely reported from the front lines of the battlefield .

shield [noun]

a large piece of armor made of strong material, carried on the arm by soldiers in the past

Ex: The Roman soldiers marched in formation , shields held high to protect against arrows .

spear [noun]

a weapon with a long handle and a metal pointed tip, used for fighting and fishing in the past

Ex: He crafted a spear from a sturdy tree branch and a sharpened stone for the tip .

tomahawk [noun]

a small-sized ax used by Native Americans for fighting or as a tool

Ex: He used a tomahawk to chop firewood while camping in the wilderness .

bow [noun]

a curved weapon joined at both ends by a string, capable of shooting arrows

Ex: He practiced for hours , perfecting his technique with the new compound bow he had purchased .

dagger [noun]

a short weapon with a pointed blade

Ex: The historical artifact museum displayed a collection of ornate daggers from different cultures .

cannon [noun]

a large and powerful gun that was used in the past to fire stone or metal balls

Ex: The museum exhibit showcased a collection of historical cannons used in naval warfare .

carriage [noun]

a vehicle with usually four wheels, pulled by one or more horses

Ex: The carriage driver skillfully navigated through the crowded marketplace .

chariot [noun]

a vehicle with two wheels, drawn by horses, used in ancient times for warfare and racing

Ex: The chariot driver skillfully maneuvered the horses around obstacles on the race track .

dungeon [noun]

an underground room in which prisoners were confined, particularly in a castle

Ex: The dungeon held a mysterious atmosphere , with echoes of past occupants ' despair .

fort [noun]

a building or group of buildings used by troops to protect an area

Ex: Archaeologists uncovered the ruins of an ancient fort dating back to Roman times .

conqueror [noun]

someone who forcibly takes control of a city or country and its citizens

Ex: After defeating the enemy forces , the conqueror established his rule over the newly acquired lands .

successor [noun]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

Ex: After the professor 's retirement , her most promising student became her successor in the department .

reign [noun]

the length of time during which a king, queen, or other monarch rules

Ex: During his reign , the empire expanded significantly .

to crown [verb]

to place a crown on someone's head in a ceremony so that person officially becomes a king or queen

Ex: The majestic ceremony took place in the grand hall , where the queen was gracefully crowned by the royal dignitary .

peasant [noun]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

Ex: The peasant 's small plot of land was just enough to sustain his household through the seasons .

primitive [adjective]

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

Ex: The discovery of primitive plants helped scientists understand ancient ecosystems .

datable [adjective]

able to be dated to a specific time

Ex: The coins found in the excavation site were datable , helping historians piece together a more accurate timeline of the settlement .

prehistoric [adjective]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

Ex: The museum exhibit showcased prehistoric fossils of dinosaurs and other ancient creatures .

ice age [noun]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

Ex: Scientists study ice cores to understand the climate changes that occurred during the ice age .

Stone age [noun]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

Ex:

Bronze Age [noun]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Ex: Archaeologists uncovered a Bronze Age burial site , revealing intricate jewelry and weapons crafted from bronze .

Iron Age [noun]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

Ex: The discovery of iron-smelting techniques allowed Iron Age cultures to produce stronger and more efficient tools .

golden age [noun]

an idealized or imagined period of peace, prosperity, and happiness

Ex: People often look back nostalgically on the golden age of childhood .

medieval [adjective]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

Ex: Historians often refer to the time between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance as the medieval period .

Enlightenment [noun]

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

Ex:

civil war [noun]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

Ex: Civil wars often result in devastating consequences for the affected country , including loss of life and destruction of infrastructure .

colonial [adjective]

related to a country that controls another territory or country

Ex: Colonial struggles for independence were driven by a desire to assert national sovereignty and end foreign domination .

imperial [adjective]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

Ex: The imperial capital served as the seat of government and cultural center .

mythology [noun]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

Ex: Many cultures around the world have their own mythology , explaining natural phenomena and the origins of their societies .

industrial revolution [noun]

the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain

Ex:

pharaoh [noun]

a title used for ancient Egyptian rulers

Ex:

archeology [noun]

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

Ex:

bloodline [noun]

all family members of a person over several generations, particularly a notable person

Ex: The artist 's creativity is deeply rooted in her family 's artistic bloodline , stretching back to renowned painters of past centuries .

artifact [noun]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

Ex: Each artifact in the exhibit told a story about the civilization that created it .

war-torn [adjective]

(of a country or place) damaged or destroyed severely as an aftermath of war

Ex: Refugees fled the war-torn region in search of safety and shelter in neighboring countries .

ranged weapon [noun]

any weapon that is capable of hitting a target at a distance beyond the reach of hands

Ex: The development of firearms revolutionized military tactics , introducing new types of ranged weapons such as muskets and rifles .

melee weapon [noun]

a hand-held weapon such as a sword, spear, etc., used when one attacks enemies at a close range

Ex: Samurai warriors were trained in the art of using the katana as a deadly melee weapon .

machete [noun]

a long knife that has a wide and heavy blade, used as a weapon or a tool to cut plants and trees

Ex: The explorer carried a machete to navigate through dense jungle terrain during the expedition .

spartan [adjective]

relating to a city-state in ancient Greece called Sparta or its people

Ex: Spartan society valued military prowess and physical fitness above all else .

C1 Level Wordlist
Animals	Appearance	Digital Communication	Movies
Foods and Ingredients	Advice and Suggestion	The Human Anatomy	Buildings and Construction
Human Attributes	Time	Fundamental Verbs	Shapes and Colors
Computer Science	Bonds and Relationships	Fashion and Attire	Writing and Narrative
Language Components	News and Network	Weather Conditions	Shopping
Education	Integral Verbs	Business and Management	Achievement and Progress
Agreement and Disagreement	Personal Traits	Music	Law and Order
The Environment	Sickness	Struggles and Setbacks	Politics
Essential Verbs	Feelings	Science	Transportation
Stationery and Office Supplies	Working Life	Dialogue and Discourse	Hobbies and Activities
Identity and Society	Religion	Dishes and Dinning	Vital Verbs
Adjectives	Permission or Obligation	Job Titles	Scholarly Research
Geography	Cooking	Military	Persuasion and Discourse
Plants and Vegetation	Art	Crucial Verbs	Trust and Uncertainty
Health	Decisions and Accountability	Risks	Money and Finance
Changes and Impacts	Astronomy	Law and Criminality	Mathematics
Adverbs	Travel	History and Artifacts