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C1 Level Wordlist - History and Artifacts

Here you will learn some English words about history and artifacts, such as "carriage", "dungeon", "abolition", etc. prepared for C1 learners.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
archive
[noun]

a place or a collection of records or documents of historical importance

Ex: archive of the newspaper provides a valuable resource for studying local history and events .
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the study of books' history, their classification, production, editions, etc.

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abolition
[noun]

the act of formally and completely ending a system, practice, institution, or law

Ex: Various countries have implemented laws and reforms to ensure abolition of child labor , aiming to protect the rights and well-being of children .
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an area where a battle is being or was fought

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shield
[noun]

a large piece of armor made of strong material, carried on the arm by soldiers in the past

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spear
[noun]

a weapon with a long handle and a metal pointed tip, used for fighting and fishing in the past

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tomahawk
[noun]

a small-sized ax used by Native Americans for fighting or as a tool

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bow
[noun]

a curved weapon joined at both ends by a string, capable of shooting arrows

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dagger
[noun]

a short weapon with a pointed blade

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cannon
[noun]

a large and powerful gun that was used in the past to fire stone or metal balls

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carriage
[noun]

a vehicle with usually four wheels, pulled by one or more horses

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chariot
[noun]

a vehicle with two wheels, drawn by horses, used in ancient times for warfare and racing

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dungeon
[noun]

an underground room in which prisoners were confined, particularly in a castle

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fort
[noun]

a building or group of buildings used by troops to protect an area

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conqueror
[noun]

someone who forcibly takes control of a city or country and its citizens

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successor
[noun]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

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reign
[noun]

the period that a monarch rules

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to crown
[Verb]

to place a crown on someone's head in a ceremony so that person officially becomes a king or queen

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peasant
[noun]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

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primitive
[Adjective]

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

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datable
[Adjective]

able to be dated to a specific time

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prehistoric
[Adjective]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

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ice age
[noun]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

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Stone age
[noun]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

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the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

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Iron Age
[noun]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

Ex: Iron Age brought about changes in social structures and trade , as iron became a valuable and widely-used resource .
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a period of great prosperity and success, particularly in the past

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medieval
[Adjective]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

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a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

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civil war
[noun]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

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colonial
[Adjective]

related to a country that controls another territory or country

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imperial
[Adjective]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

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mythology
[noun]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

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the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain

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pharaoh
[noun]

a title used for ancient Egyptian rulers

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the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

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bloodline
[noun]

all family members of a person over several generations, particularly a notable person

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artifact
[noun]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

Ex: artifact, a beautifully carved statue , was a significant find that helped date the historical site .
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war-torn
[Adjective]

(of a country or place) damaged or destroyed severely as an aftermath of war

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any weapon that is capable of hitting a target at a distance beyond the reach of hands

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a hand-held weapon such as a sword, spear, etc., used when one attacks enemies at a close range

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machete
[noun]

a long knife that has a wide and heavy blade, used as a weapon or a tool to cut plants and trees

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spartan
[Adjective]

relating to a city-state in ancient Greece called Sparta or its people

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