C1级单词表 - 历史与文物

a place or a collection of records or documents of historical importance

档案馆, 档案

the study of books' history, their classification, production, editions, etc.

书目学, 文献学

the act of formally and completely ending a system, practice, institution, or law

废除, 取消

an area where a battle is being or was fought

战场, 战斗场所

a large piece of armor made of strong material, carried on the arm by soldiers in the past

盾牌, 护盾

a weapon with a long handle and a metal pointed tip, used for fighting and fishing in the past

矛, 长矛

a small-sized ax used by Native Americans for fighting or as a tool

标枪, 小斧头

a curved weapon joined at both ends by a string, capable of shooting arrows

弓, 弓箭

a short weapon with a pointed blade

匕首, 短刀

a large and powerful gun that was used in the past to fire stone or metal balls

炮, 大炮

a vehicle with usually four wheels, pulled by one or more horses

马车, 马车具

a vehicle with two wheels, drawn by horses, used in ancient times for warfare and racing

战车, 马车

an underground room in which prisoners were confined, particularly in a castle

地牢, 囚室

a building or group of buildings used by troops to protect an area

堡垒, 城堡

someone who forcibly takes control of a city or country and its citizens

征服者, conqueror

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

继任者, 接替者

the period that a monarch rules

统治, 统治时期

to place a crown on someone's head in a ceremony so that person officially becomes a king or queen

加冕, 加冕仪式

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

农民, 小农

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

原始的, 初期的

able to be dated to a specific time

可定日期的, 可追溯的

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

史前的, 前历史的

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

冰河时期, 冰川时代

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

石器时代, 石头时代

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

青铜时代, 铜器时代

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

铁器时代, 铁时代

a period of great prosperity and success, particularly in the past

黄金时代, 辉煌时期

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

中世纪的, 中古的

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

启蒙运动, 启蒙论

a war that is between people who are in the same country

内战, 公民战争

related to a country that controls another territory or country

殖民的, 殖民地的

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

帝国的, 皇帝的

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

神话学, 神话体系

the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain

工业革命, 产业革命

a title used for ancient Egyptian rulers

法老, 法老王

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

考古学, 古物学

all family members of a person over several generations, particularly a notable person

血统, 血脉

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

文物, 手工艺品

(of a country or place) damaged or destroyed severely as an aftermath of war

战争蹂躏的, 战乱中的

any weapon that is capable of hitting a target at a distance beyond the reach of hands

远程武器, 射程武器

a hand-held weapon such as a sword, spear, etc., used when one attacks enemies at a close range

近战武器, 冷兵器

a long knife that has a wide and heavy blade, used as a weapon or a tool to cut plants and trees

砍刀, 弯刀

relating to a city-state in ancient Greece called Sparta or its people

斯巴达的, 斯巴达式的