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فهرست واژگان سطح C1 - تاریخ

در اینجا با چند کلمه انگلیسی در مورد تاریخ و مصنوعات مانند "کالسکه"، "داخلاقی"، "ابولیشن" و غیره که برای زبان آموزان C1 آماده شده است آشنا خواهید شد.

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شروع یادگیری
CEFR C1 Vocabulary
archive
[اسم]

a place or a collection of records or documents of historical importance

بایگانی, آرشیو

بایگانی, آرشیو

Ex: archive of the newspaper provides a valuable resource for studying local history and events .
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bibliography
[اسم]

the study of books' history, their classification, production, editions, etc.

کتاب‌شناسی

کتاب‌شناسی

Ex: The course on bibliology covers the development of manuscript illumination and illustration techniques.
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abolition
[اسم]

the act of formally and completely ending a system, practice, institution, or law

لغو, فسخ

لغو, فسخ

Ex: Various countries have implemented laws and reforms to ensure abolition of child labor , aiming to protect the rights and well-being of children .
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battlefield
[اسم]

an area where a battle is being or was fought

میدان جنگ, نبردگاه

میدان جنگ, نبردگاه

Ex: Archaeologists discovered artifacts buried beneath battlefield, shedding light on ancient warfare techniques .
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shield
[اسم]

a large piece of armor made of strong material, carried on the arm by soldiers in the past

سپر, محافظ

سپر, محافظ

Ex: In medieval times , knights adorned shields with colorful heraldic designs to identify their families .
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spear
[اسم]

a weapon with a long handle and a metal pointed tip, used for fighting and fishing in the past

نیزه

نیزه

Ex: During the hunt , the tribesmen worked together to surround the wild boar and attack it spears.
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tomahawk
[اسم]

a small-sized ax used by Native Americans for fighting or as a tool

تبرزین, تاماهاک

تبرزین, تاماهاک

Ex: The explorer admired the craftsmanship of the ornately tomahawk on display at the cultural center .
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bow
[اسم]

a curved weapon joined at both ends by a string, capable of shooting arrows

کمان

کمان

Ex: She drew back the bowstring, feeling the tension build before releasing the arrow with precision.
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dagger
[اسم]

a short weapon with a pointed blade

خنجر, دشنه

خنجر, دشنه

Ex: In ancient timesdaggers were used for close combat and as tools for everyday tasks .
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cannon
[اسم]

a large and powerful gun that was used in the past to fire stone or metal balls

توپ (جنگ‌افزار)

توپ (جنگ‌افزار)

Ex: Cannons played a crucial role in shaping the outcome of battles throughout history .
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carriage
[اسم]

a vehicle with usually four wheels, pulled by one or more horses

کالسکه

کالسکه

Ex: The carriage was adorned with gold trim and velvet cushions for maximum comfort .
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chariot
[اسم]

a vehicle with two wheels, drawn by horses, used in ancient times for warfare and racing

ارابه

ارابه

Ex: Chariot racing was a popular sport in ancient Rome, drawing large crowds to the Circus Maximus.
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dungeon
[اسم]

an underground room in which prisoners were confined, particularly in a castle

سیاه‌چال

سیاه‌چال

Ex: She explored dungeon during the castle tour , imagining the hardships of those who were imprisoned there .
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fort
[اسم]

a building or group of buildings used by troops to protect an area

دژ, قلعه نظامی

دژ, قلعه نظامی

Ex: fort's walls were reinforced with stone and earthworks to withstand sieges and assaults .
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conqueror
[اسم]

someone who forcibly takes control of a city or country and its citizens

فاتح

فاتح

Ex: Genghis Khan , a conqueror, expanded the Mongol Empire across vast regions of Asia and Europe .
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successor
[اسم]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

جانشین, وارث

جانشین, وارث

Ex: The company was eager to find a worthy successor to continue the founder's legacy and lead it into the future.
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reign
[اسم]

the period that a monarch rules

دوران فرمانروایی, دوران سلطنت

دوران فرمانروایی, دوران سلطنت

Ex: The reign of the king saw significant advancements in arts and science throughout the kingdom .
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to crown
[فعل]

to place a crown on someone's head in a ceremony so that person officially becomes a king or queen

تاج‌گذاری کردن

تاج‌گذاری کردن

Ex: The citizens eagerly awaited the moment when the prince would crowned as the rightful heir to the throne .
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peasant
[اسم]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

رعیت

رعیت

Ex: In many poorer countriespeasants continue to use traditional farming methods handed down from their ancestors .
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primitive
[صفت]

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

نخستین, اولیه

نخستین, اولیه

Ex: The island 's ecosystem still primitive species that have remained unchanged for centuries .
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datable
[صفت]

able to be dated to a specific time

قابل تاریخ‌گذاری

قابل تاریخ‌گذاری

Ex: The artifacts discovered in the tomb were datable due to the inscriptions that indicated the reign of a specific pharaoh .
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prehistoric
[صفت]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

ماقبل‌تاریخ

ماقبل‌تاریخ

Ex: Researchers use carbon dating to determine the age prehistoric artifacts .
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ice age
[اسم]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

عصر یخ‌بندان

عصر یخ‌بندان

Ex: Geological evidence suggests that ice age shaped many of the Earth 's current landscapes and ecosystems .
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Stone age
[اسم]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

عصرِ سنگ, عصر حجر

عصرِ سنگ, عصر حجر

Ex: The transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age marked a significant technological and cultural shift in human history.
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Bronze Age
[اسم]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

عصر برنز

عصر برنز

Ex: Trade flourished during Bronze Age, as cultures exchanged bronze goods , ideas , and innovations across vast distances .
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Iron Age
[اسم]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

عصر آهن

عصر آهن

Ex: Iron Age brought about changes in social structures and trade , as iron became a valuable and widely-used resource .
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golden age
[اسم]

a period of great prosperity and success, particularly in the past

دوران طلایی

دوران طلایی

Ex: golden age of Islam saw major contributions to science , medicine , and philosophy , influencing many future generations .
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medieval
[صفت]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

قرون‌وسطایی

قرون‌وسطایی

Ex: Medieval armor and weapons are displayed in the exhibit on chivalric knights .
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a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

عصر روشنگری

عصر روشنگری

Ex: The Enlightenment had a profound impact on political thought, influencing the ideas of democracy and individual rights.
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civil war
[اسم]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

جنگ داخلی

جنگ داخلی

Ex: Civil wars typically arise from internal conflicts over political , social , or economic differences within a nation .
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colonial
[صفت]

related to a country that controls another territory or country

استعماری, استعمارگر

استعماری, استعمارگر

Ex: Colonial governments imposed taxes and tariffs on local populations to colonial administration and infrastructure projects .
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imperial
[صفت]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

امپراتوری, شاهنشاهی

امپراتوری, شاهنشاهی

Ex: The decline of imperial system marked the end of an era in history .
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mythology
[اسم]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

اسطوره‌شناسی

اسطوره‌شناسی

Ex: Many cultures around the world have their mythology, which reflects their history , values , and worldview .
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the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain

انقلاب صنعتی

انقلاب صنعتی

Ex: The Industrial Revolution brought about profound economic, social, and technological changes that continue to shape the modern world.
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pharaoh
[اسم]

a title used for ancient Egyptian rulers

فرعون

فرعون

Ex: Hieroglyphic inscriptions on temple walls and monuments often glorified the achievements and divine status of the pharaohs.
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archeology
[اسم]

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

باستان‌شناسی

باستان‌شناسی

Ex: The field of archaeology includes various sub-disciplines such as maritime archaeology, historical archaeology, and bioarchaeology.
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bloodline
[اسم]

all family members of a person over several generations, particularly a notable person

خاندان, اصل‌و‌نسب

خاندان, اصل‌و‌نسب

Ex: The geneticist studied the bloodline to trace hereditary traits and medical conditions across multiple generations .
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artifact
[اسم]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

دست‌سازه

دست‌سازه

Ex: artifact, a beautifully carved statue , was a significant find that helped date the historical site .
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war-torn
[صفت]

(of a country or place) damaged or destroyed severely as an aftermath of war

جنگ‌زده

جنگ‌زده

Ex: Journalists reported from the heart of war-torn area , documenting the impact of ongoing conflict on civilians .
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any weapon that is capable of hitting a target at a distance beyond the reach of hands

سلاح دوربرد

سلاح دوربرد

Ex: Hunters in the wild relied on their trusty crossbows as a silent and effective ranged weapon for taking down game.
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melee weapon
[اسم]

a hand-held weapon such as a sword, spear, etc., used when one attacks enemies at a close range

سلاح سرد

سلاح سرد

Ex: Tribal warriors in ancient times crafted spears and axes as versatile melee weapons for hunting and defense.
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machete
[اسم]

a long knife that has a wide and heavy blade, used as a weapon or a tool to cut plants and trees

قمه

قمه

Ex: machete's sharp blade makes it a formidable weapon in self-defense and survival situations .
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spartan
[صفت]

relating to a city-state in ancient Greece called Sparta or its people

اسپارتایی

اسپارتایی

Ex: Spartan women enjoyed more rights and freedoms compared to other Greek city-states , participating actively in public life and sports .
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