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Λίστα Λέξεων Επιπέδου C1 - Ιστορία και τεχνουργήματα

Εδώ θα μάθετε μερικές αγγλικές λέξεις για την ιστορία και τα τεχνουργήματα, όπως "carriage", "dungeon", "abolition" κ.λπ. που προετοιμάζονται για τους μαθητές του C1.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
archive
[ουσιαστικό]

a place or a collection of records or documents of historical importance

αρχεία, αρχείο

αρχεία, αρχείο

Ex: archive of the newspaper provides a valuable resource for studying local history and events .
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bibliography
[ουσιαστικό]

the study of books' history, their classification, production, editions, etc.

βιβλιογραφία, βιβλιοθηκονομία

βιβλιογραφία, βιβλιοθηκονομία

Ex: The course on bibliology covers the development of manuscript illumination and illustration techniques.
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abolition
[ουσιαστικό]

the act of formally and completely ending a system, practice, institution, or law

κατάργηση,  abolismós

κατάργηση, abolismós

Ex: Various countries have implemented laws and reforms to ensure abolition of child labor , aiming to protect the rights and well-being of children .
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battlefield
[ουσιαστικό]

an area where a battle is being or was fought

μάχη, πεδίο μάχης

μάχη, πεδίο μάχης

Ex: Archaeologists discovered artifacts buried beneath battlefield, shedding light on ancient warfare techniques .
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shield
[ουσιαστικό]

a large piece of armor made of strong material, carried on the arm by soldiers in the past

ασπίδα, προστασία

ασπίδα, προστασία

Ex: In medieval times , knights adorned shields with colorful heraldic designs to identify their families .
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spear
[ουσιαστικό]

a weapon with a long handle and a metal pointed tip, used for fighting and fishing in the past

λόγχη, δόρυ

λόγχη, δόρυ

Ex: During the hunt , the tribesmen worked together to surround the wild boar and attack it spears.
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tomahawk
[ουσιαστικό]

a small-sized ax used by Native Americans for fighting or as a tool

τομάχο (tomácho), μάχαιρα (máchaira)

τομάχο (tomácho), μάχαιρα (máchaira)

Ex: The explorer admired the craftsmanship of the ornately tomahawk on display at the cultural center .
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bow
[ουσιαστικό]

a curved weapon joined at both ends by a string, capable of shooting arrows

τόξο, τοξο

τόξο, τοξο

Ex: She drew back the bowstring, feeling the tension build before releasing the arrow with precision.
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dagger
[ουσιαστικό]

a short weapon with a pointed blade

μαχαίρι, στιλέτο

μαχαίρι, στιλέτο

Ex: In ancient timesdaggers were used for close combat and as tools for everyday tasks .
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cannon
[ουσιαστικό]

a large and powerful gun that was used in the past to fire stone or metal balls

κανόνι, πολιορκητικό πυροβόλο

κανόνι, πολιορκητικό πυροβόλο

Ex: Cannons played a crucial role in shaping the outcome of battles throughout history .
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carriage
[ουσιαστικό]

a vehicle with usually four wheels, pulled by one or more horses

άμαξα, καρότσα

άμαξα, καρότσα

Ex: The carriage was adorned with gold trim and velvet cushions for maximum comfort .
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chariot
[ουσιαστικό]

a vehicle with two wheels, drawn by horses, used in ancient times for warfare and racing

άμαξα, αρματοδρομία

άμαξα, αρματοδρομία

Ex: Chariot racing was a popular sport in ancient Rome, drawing large crowds to the Circus Maximus.
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dungeon
[ουσιαστικό]

an underground room in which prisoners were confined, particularly in a castle

κάτεργο, υπόγεια φυλακή

κάτεργο, υπόγεια φυλακή

Ex: She explored dungeon during the castle tour , imagining the hardships of those who were imprisoned there .
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fort
[ουσιαστικό]

a building or group of buildings used by troops to protect an area

φρούριο, κάστρο

φρούριο, κάστρο

Ex: fort's walls were reinforced with stone and earthworks to withstand sieges and assaults .
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conqueror
[ουσιαστικό]

someone who forcibly takes control of a city or country and its citizens

κατακτητής, νικητής

κατακτητής, νικητής

Ex: Genghis Khan , a conqueror, expanded the Mongol Empire across vast regions of Asia and Europe .
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successor
[ουσιαστικό]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

διάδοχος, υποδιάδοχος

διάδοχος, υποδιάδοχος

Ex: The company was eager to find a worthy successor to continue the founder's legacy and lead it into the future.
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reign
[ουσιαστικό]

the period that a monarch rules

βασιλεία, βασιλεία του μονάρχη

βασιλεία, βασιλεία του μονάρχη

Ex: The reign of the king saw significant advancements in arts and science throughout the kingdom .
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to crown
[ρήμα]

to place a crown on someone's head in a ceremony so that person officially becomes a king or queen

στεφανώνω, κοροναίνω

στεφανώνω, κοροναίνω

Ex: The citizens eagerly awaited the moment when the prince would crowned as the rightful heir to the throne .
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peasant
[ουσιαστικό]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

αγρότης, χωρικός

αγρότης, χωρικός

Ex: In many poorer countriespeasants continue to use traditional farming methods handed down from their ancestors .
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primitive
[επίθετο]

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

πρωτόγονος, αρχαίος

πρωτόγονος, αρχαίος

Ex: The island 's ecosystem still primitive species that have remained unchanged for centuries .
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datable
[επίθετο]

able to be dated to a specific time

χρονολογήσιμος, χρονολογούμενος

χρονολογήσιμος, χρονολογούμενος

Ex: The artifacts discovered in the tomb were datable due to the inscriptions that indicated the reign of a specific pharaoh .
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prehistoric
[επίθετο]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

προϊστορικός, προϊστορική

προϊστορικός, προϊστορική

Ex: Researchers use carbon dating to determine the age prehistoric artifacts .
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ice age
[ουσιαστικό]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

παγετώδης εποχή, Εποχή του πάγου

παγετώδης εποχή, Εποχή του πάγου

Ex: Geological evidence suggests that ice age shaped many of the Earth 's current landscapes and ecosystems .
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Stone age
[ουσιαστικό]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

Παλαιολιθική εποχή, Λιθλιθική εποχή

Παλαιολιθική εποχή, Λιθλιθική εποχή

Ex: The transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age marked a significant technological and cultural shift in human history.
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Bronze Age
[ουσιαστικό]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Χαλκολιθική Εποχή (Chalkolithiki Epohi), Εποχή του Χαλκού (Epohi tou Chalkou)

Χαλκολιθική Εποχή (Chalkolithiki Epohi), Εποχή του Χαλκού (Epohi tou Chalkou)

Ex: Trade flourished during Bronze Age, as cultures exchanged bronze goods , ideas , and innovations across vast distances .
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Iron Age
[ουσιαστικό]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

Σιδηρᾶ Εποχή, Εποχή του Σιδήρου

Σιδηρᾶ Εποχή, Εποχή του Σιδήρου

Ex: Iron Age brought about changes in social structures and trade , as iron became a valuable and widely-used resource .
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golden age
[ουσιαστικό]

a period of great prosperity and success, particularly in the past

χρυσός αιώνας, χρυσή εποχή

χρυσός αιώνας, χρυσή εποχή

Ex: golden age of Islam saw major contributions to science , medicine , and philosophy , influencing many future generations .
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medieval
[επίθετο]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

μεσαιωνικός, μεσαιωνική

μεσαιωνικός, μεσαιωνική

Ex: Medieval armor and weapons are displayed in the exhibit on chivalric knights .
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Enlightenment
[ουσιαστικό]

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

Φιλοσοφικός Διαφωτισμός, Εποχή του Διαφωτισμού

Φιλοσοφικός Διαφωτισμός, Εποχή του Διαφωτισμού

Ex: The Enlightenment had a profound impact on political thought, influencing the ideas of democracy and individual rights.
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civil war
[ουσιαστικό]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

εμφύλιος πόλεμος, εσωτερικός πόλεμος

εμφύλιος πόλεμος, εσωτερικός πόλεμος

Ex: Civil wars typically arise from internal conflicts over political , social , or economic differences within a nation .
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colonial
[επίθετο]

related to a country that controls another territory or country

αποικιακός, κωδικοποιημένος

αποικιακός, κωδικοποιημένος

Ex: Colonial governments imposed taxes and tariffs on local populations to colonial administration and infrastructure projects .
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imperial
[επίθετο]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

αυτοκρατορικός, imperial

αυτοκρατορικός, imperial

Ex: The decline of imperial system marked the end of an era in history .
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mythology
[ουσιαστικό]

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

μυθολογία, μύθοι

μυθολογία, μύθοι

Ex: Many cultures around the world have their mythology, which reflects their history , values , and worldview .
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industrial revolution
[ουσιαστικό]

the period of time in the 18th and 19th centuries that machines were used for the first time for mass production of goods, started in Britain

Βιομηχανική Επανάσταση, Βιομηχανικός Επαναστατικός Χρόνος

Βιομηχανική Επανάσταση, Βιομηχανικός Επαναστατικός Χρόνος

Ex: The Industrial Revolution brought about profound economic, social, and technological changes that continue to shape the modern world.
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pharaoh
[ουσιαστικό]

a title used for ancient Egyptian rulers

φαραώ, Φαραώς

φαραώ, Φαραώς

Ex: Hieroglyphic inscriptions on temple walls and monuments often glorified the achievements and divine status of the pharaohs.
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archeology
[ουσιαστικό]

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

αρχαιολογία, αρχαιολογική επιστήμη

αρχαιολογία, αρχαιολογική επιστήμη

Ex: The field of archaeology includes various sub-disciplines such as maritime archaeology, historical archaeology, and bioarchaeology.
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bloodline
[ουσιαστικό]

all family members of a person over several generations, particularly a notable person

αίματος γραμμή, γενεαλογία

αίματος γραμμή, γενεαλογία

Ex: The geneticist studied the bloodline to trace hereditary traits and medical conditions across multiple generations .
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artifact
[ουσιαστικό]

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

τεχνούργημα, κατασκευαστικό έργο

τεχνούργημα, κατασκευαστικό έργο

Ex: artifact, a beautifully carved statue , was a significant find that helped date the historical site .
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war-torn
[επίθετο]

(of a country or place) damaged or destroyed severely as an aftermath of war

πολεμοπαθής, κατεστραμμένος από πόλεμο

πολεμοπαθής, κατεστραμμένος από πόλεμο

Ex: Journalists reported from the heart of war-torn area , documenting the impact of ongoing conflict on civilians .
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ranged weapon
[ουσιαστικό]

any weapon that is capable of hitting a target at a distance beyond the reach of hands

όπλο μακρού βεληνεκούς, όπλο που πλήττει από απόσταση

όπλο μακρού βεληνεκούς, όπλο που πλήττει από απόσταση

Ex: Hunters in the wild relied on their trusty crossbows as a silent and effective ranged weapon for taking down game.
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melee weapon
[ουσιαστικό]

a hand-held weapon such as a sword, spear, etc., used when one attacks enemies at a close range

παλαιστική όπλο, κοντινό όπλο

παλαιστική όπλο, κοντινό όπλο

Ex: Tribal warriors in ancient times crafted spears and axes as versatile melee weapons for hunting and defense.
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machete
[ουσιαστικό]

a long knife that has a wide and heavy blade, used as a weapon or a tool to cut plants and trees

μαχαίρι (machairi), ματσέτα (macheta)

μαχαίρι (machairi), ματσέτα (macheta)

Ex: machete's sharp blade makes it a formidable weapon in self-defense and survival situations .
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spartan
[επίθετο]

relating to a city-state in ancient Greece called Sparta or its people

σπαρτιατικός, Σπαρτιανός

σπαρτιατικός, Σπαρτιανός

Ex: Spartan women enjoyed more rights and freedoms compared to other Greek city-states , participating actively in public life and sports .
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