an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail

彗星, 慧星
a piece of rock coming from outer space that passes through the Earth's atmosphere, producing light

流星, 陨石
any of the rocky bodies orbiting the sun, ranging greatly in diameter, also found in large numbers between Jupiter and Mars

小行星, 星体
a glowing cloud of gas and dust in outer space, often the result of a star explosion or formation

星云, 星云气
a natural light display in the Earth's polar regions, caused by the collision of charged particles from the sun with atoms in the Earth's atmosphere

极光, 南极光
a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape

星座, 星群
(astronomy) the celestial zone in the sky where the sun, moon, and planets appear to move, traditionally divided into twelve equal segments, each associated with a distinct name and symbol

黄道, 十二宫
a planet that is outside the solar system

系外行星, 外行星
the displacement of the spectrum of an astronomical object toward shorter wavelengths, indicating motion toward the observer

蓝移, 蓝色位移
a small, dense, and faint stellar remnant that is left after a medium-sized star exhausts the nuclear fuel in its core and undergoes gravitational collapse

白矮星, 白色矮星
a highly dense and compact stellar remnant that remains after a massive star undergoes a supernova explosion, consisting almost entirely of neutrons

中子星, 中子恒星
the scientific study of how the universe is created, its development, and how it is going to end

宇宙学, 宇宙论
a type of galaxy characterized by a spiral-shaped structure, consisting of a central bulge surrounded by spiral arms that contain stars, gas, and dust

螺旋星系, 漩涡星系
a type of galaxy characterized by its smooth, nearly featureless brightness profile and ellipsoidal shape, lacking significant spiral arms or disk-like structures

椭圆星系, 椭圆银河
an optical instrument used for analyzing the spectrum of light, separating it into its individual wavelengths to identify and study the components of the light source

光谱仪, 光谱分析仪
a galaxy that lacks a distinct, regular shape or structure, often appearing chaotic and asymmetrical

不规则星系, 不规则银河
a mysterious object that some people claim to have seen flying around in the sky and assume that it is a spaceship from another world

不明飞行物体, 不明飞行者
an unmanned spacecraft designed to explore outer space, gather scientific data, and transmit it back to Earth

太空探测器, 空间探测器
an astronaut from Russia or the former Soviet Union

宇航员, 航天员
a layer of charged particles, primarily electrons and protons, held in place around a celestial body by its magnetic field

辐射带, 辐射层
