English File - Upper Intermediate - Lesson 9B

proof [noun]

information or evidence that proves the truth or existence of something

Ex: The lawyer submitted proof of the defendant 's whereabouts during the crime to strengthen the case .

able [adjective]

having the necessary skill, power, resources, etc. for doing something

Ex: The team was able to complete the project ahead of schedule .

absent [adjective]

(of people) not present in a place

Ex: Sarah felt disappointed when her best friend was absent from her birthday party .

absence [noun]

the state of not being at a place or with a person when it is expected of one

Ex: The absence of key personnel at the conference made it difficult to move forward with discussions .

to accommodate [verb]

to provide a place for someone to stay and sleep, usually in a house, hotel, or other lodging facility

Ex: They renovated the farmhouse to accommodate tourists during the summer months .

accommodation [noun]

a place where people live, stay, or work in

Ex: The university provides accommodation for students in dormitories and off-campus housing options .

alcohol [noun]

any drink that can make people intoxicated, such as wine, beer, etc.

Ex: He decided to abstain from alcohol for a month as part of a health challenge .

alcoholism [noun]

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

Ex: Alcoholism can impact a person 's career , relationships , and overall well-being .

brother [noun]

a man who shares a mother and father with us

Ex: My brother is my best friend and we tell each other everything .

brotherhood [noun]

the feeling of understanding and friendship between people

Ex: Their shared experiences in the workplace created a strong brotherhood , making them feel like a close-knit team .

child [noun]

a young person who has not reached puberty or adulthood yet

Ex: She is a dedicated teacher who is passionate about nurturing and educating children .

childhood [noun]

the period or time of being a child, characterized by significant physical and emotional growth

Ex: Emily 's love for reading began in her childhood , when she would lose herself in books for hours on end .

distant [adjective]

having a great space or extent between two points

Ex: She dreamed of visiting distant countries she had only read about .

distance [noun]

the length of the space that is between two places or points

Ex: The marathon runner trained to improve her endurance and cover longer distances .

to employ [verb]

to give work to someone and pay them

Ex: The construction company needs to employ more workers .

friendly [adjective]

(of a person or their manner) kind and nice toward other people

Ex: She 's very friendly , always greeting people with a warm hello .

friendliness [noun]

the state of being kind and pleasant toward others

Ex: His friendliness toward new colleagues helped create a positive and supportive work environment .

to govern [verb]

to regulate or control a person, course of action or event or the way something happens

Ex: The rules of the game govern how players interact with each other , ensuring fair play and safety for all involved .

government [noun]

the group of politicians in control of a country or state

Ex: The government is responsible for ensuring that laws are followed and citizens ' rights are protected .

ignorant [adjective]

lacking sophistication, worldly experience, or social refinement

Ex: Despite her intelligence , she remained ignorant about current events due to her refusal to read the news .

ignorance [noun]

the fact or state of not having the necessary information, knowledge, or understanding of something

Ex: Ignorance of the law is not an excuse for breaking it , as people are expected to know the rules of society .

to improve [verb]

to make a person or thing better

Ex: The renovations are expected to improve the appearance of the old building .

improvement [noun]

the action or process of making something better

Ex: The team 's performance saw continuous improvement throughout the season .

to intend [verb]

to have something in mind as a plan or purpose

Ex: They intend to save money for a down payment on a house .

intention [noun]

something that one is aiming, wanting, or planning to do

Ex: The company 's intention was to expand into new markets by launching innovative products in the coming year .

loneliness [noun]

the state of not having any companions or company

Ex: The loneliness of the mountain cabin was both peaceful and unsettling at times .

race [noun]

(biology) a taxonomic category below species that has a distinct feature from other groups in the same species

racism [noun]

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one’s own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

Ex: His promotion was delayed due to racism in the workplace .

to reduce [verb]

to make something smaller in amount, degree, price, etc.

Ex: The government implemented measures to reduce pollution in urban areas .

reduction [noun]

a decline in amount, degree, etc. of a particular thing

Ex: The reduction in traffic congestion was noticeable after the new highway was opened .

ugly [adjective]

not pleasant to the mind or senses

Ex: She received an ugly haircut that she immediately regretted .

ugliness [noun]

the state of being not attractive or not pleasing to the eye

Ex: The ugliness of the concrete jungle was softened by the vibrant greenery in the parks .

vandal [noun]

someone who intentionally damages or destroys public or private property

Ex: The vandal was caught on camera smashing windows at the downtown store , causing significant damage .

vandalism [noun]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

Ex: Vandalism of public transportation facilities has become a growing concern for city officials .

lonely [adjective]

feeling unhappy due to being alone or lacking companionship

Ex: The traveler admitted to feeling lonely during his solo journey .

violent [adjective]

(of a person and their actions) using or involving physical force that is intended to damage or harm

Ex: The violent criminal threatened others with a knife during the robbery .

violence [noun]

a crime that is intentionally directed toward a person or thing to hurt, intimidate, or kill them

Ex: The film depicted graphic scenes of violence that were unsettling to some viewers .

weak [adjective]

structurally fragile or lacking durability

Ex: The table leg was weak and wobbled dangerously .

weakness [noun]

lack of power or ability to act effectively

Ex: He acknowledged his weakness in time management during the meeting .

loss [noun]

the act or process of no longer having someone or something

Ex: He felt a profound loss when his job ended .

to lose [verb]

to be deprived of or stop having someone or something

Ex: She began to lose interest in the project as it became more complicated .

death [noun]

the fact or act of dying

Ex: The death of his mother changed his perspective on life .

to die [verb]

to no longer be alive

Ex: Despite the efforts of the medical team , the patient succumbed to their illness and died peacefully .

success [noun]

the fact of reaching what one tried for or desired

Ex: Achieving success in one 's career requires setting clear goals and consistently working towards them .

to succeed [verb]

to reach or achieve what one desired or tried for

Ex: The student 's determination and hard work allowed her to succeed in passing the challenging exam .

thought [noun]

something that comes to one's mind, such as, an idea, image, etc.

Ex: Random thoughts often pop into my head while I 'm walking .

to think [verb]

to have a type of belief or idea about a person or thing

Ex: I think that the company should focus on sustainability .

belief [noun]

a strong feeling of certainty that something or someone exists or is true; a strong feeling that something or someone is right or good

Ex:

to believe [verb]

to accept something to be true even without proof

Ex: I find it hard to believe that she won the lottery twice in a row .

heat [noun]

a state of having a higher than normal temperature

Ex: She sat in the shade to escape the intense heat .

warm [adjective]

having a temperature that is high but not hot, especially in a way that is pleasant

Ex: The warm afternoon was perfect for a picnic in the park .

strength [noun]

the quality or state of being physically or mentally strong

Ex: The team 's unity and determination were their greatest strengths in winning the championship .

strong [adjective]

having a lot of physical power

Ex: The strong athlete easily lifted the weights in the gym .

height [noun]

the distance from the top to the bottom of something or someone

Ex: The height of the mountain is over 14,000 feet .

high [adjective]

having a relatively great vertical extent

Ex: The skyscraper is one of the city 's highest buildings .

width [noun]

the distance of something from side to side

Ex: The width of the bookshelf is adjustable to accommodate different-sized books .

wide [adjective]

having a large length from side to side

Ex: The field was wide , providing plenty of space for the children to play .

employment [noun]

the fact or state of having a regular paid job

Ex: His employment as a software engineer allowed him to work remotely from home , which he enjoyed .

to entertain [verb]

to amuse someone so that they have an enjoyable time

Ex: They entertained guests at the dinner party with live music and dancing .

entertainment [noun]

movies, television shows, etc. or an activity that is made for people to enjoy

Ex:

to excite [verb]

to make a person feel interested or happy, particularly about something that will happen soon

Ex: The anticipation of meeting her favorite author excited the young bookworm .

excitement [noun]

a strong feeling of enthusiasm and happiness

Ex: Despite the rainy weather , Tom 's excitement about his upcoming vacation to the beach remained undiminished .

English File - Upper Intermediate
Lesson 1A	Lesson 1B	Lesson 2A	Lesson 2B
Lesson 3A	Lesson 3B	Lesson 4A	Lesson 4B
Lesson 5A	Lesson 5B	Lesson 6A	Lesson 6B
Lesson 7A	Lesson 7B	Lesson 8A	Lesson 8B
Lesson 9A	Lesson 9B	Lesson 10A	Lesson 10B