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Aklat English File - Itaas na Intermediate - Aralin 9B

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Lesson 9B sa English File Upper Intermediate coursebook, tulad ng "distant", "govern", "ignorance", atbp.

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English File - Upper Intermediate
proof
proof
[Pangngalan]

evidence that establishes or strongly demonstrates that something is true or exists

patunay,  ebidensya

patunay, ebidensya

Ex: The police found no proof that Daniel had entered the building. 
able
able
[pang-uri]

having the necessary skill, power, resources, etc. for doing something

may kakayahan, sanay

may kakayahan, sanay

Ex: She is able to speak five languages fluently. 

Siya ay may kakayahan na magsalita ng limang wika nang walang hirap.

absent
absent
[pang-uri]

not present in a place where someone is expected to be

wala

wala

Ex: Emma was absent from school for three days. 
absence
absence
[Pangngalan]

the state of not being at a place or with a person when it is expected of one

kawalan

kawalan

Ex: The absence of any complaints in the feedback survey suggested that customers were generally satisfied with the service. 
to accommodate

to provide someone with a place to live or stay

magpatuloy

magpatuloy

Ex: The hotel can accommodate more than three hundred guests. 
accommodation
accommodation
[Pangngalan]

a place where people live, stay, or work in

tirahan, akomodasyon

tirahan, akomodasyon

Ex: She booked her accommodation in advance to ensure she had a comfortable place to stay during her vacation. 

Ini-book niya nang maaga ang kanyang tirahan upang matiyak na may komportableng lugar siyang matutuluyan sa kanyang bakasyon.

alcohol
alcohol
[Pangngalan]

any drink that can make people intoxicated, such as wine, beer, etc.

alak

alak

Ex: He prefers wine over other types of alcohol. 
alcoholism
alcoholism
[Pangngalan]

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

alkoholismo, pagkakalulong sa alak

alkoholismo, pagkakalulong sa alak

Ex: Alcoholism can impact a person's career, relationships, and overall well-being. 

Ang alcoholism ay maaaring makaapekto sa karera, relasyon, at pangkalahatang kagalingan ng isang tao.

brother
brother
[Pangngalan]

a man who shares a mother and father with us

kapatid na lalaki, kuya

kapatid na lalaki, kuya

Ex: She doesn't have any brothers, but she has a close friend who's like a brother to her. 
brotherhood
brotherhood
[Pangngalan]

the feeling of understanding and friendship between people

kapatiran, pakikipagkaibigan

kapatiran, pakikipagkaibigan

Ex: The brotherhood among the soldiers was evident as they supported each other through difficult times during the mission. 

Ang pagkakapatiran sa mga sundalo ay halata habang sila ay nagtutulungan sa mahihirap na panahon sa misyon.

child
child
[Pangngalan]

a young person who has not reached puberty or adulthood yet

bata, anak

bata, anak

Ex: The school organized a field trip to the zoo, and the children were excited to see the animals up close. 
childhood
childhood
[Pangngalan]

the period of a person's life when they are a child

Ex: Emma spent most of her childhood in a small town. 
distant
distant
[pang-uri]

having a great space or extent between two points

malayo,  malayong

malayo, malayong

Ex: Their house is located in a distant village in the mountains. 

Ang kanilang bahay ay matatagpuan sa isang malayong nayon sa bundok.

distance
distance
[Pangngalan]

the length of the space that is between two places or points

distansya

distansya

Ex: The telescope allowed astronomers to accurately measure the distance to distant galaxies. 
to employ
to employ
[Pandiwa]

to give work to someone and pay them

umupa, mag-empleo

umupa, mag-empleo

Ex: We are planning to employ a gardener to maintain our large yard. 
friendly
friendly
[pang-uri]

(of a person or their manner) kind and nice toward other people

palakaibigan, mabait

palakaibigan, mabait

Ex: Her friendly smile made the difficult conversation feel less awkward. 
friendliness
friendliness
[Pangngalan]

the state of being kind and pleasant toward others

pagiging palakaibigan,  kabaitan

pagiging palakaibigan, kabaitan

Ex: Her friendliness made everyone feel welcome at the party, and people immediately started chatting with one another. 

Ang kanyang pagiging palakaibigan ay nagpafeel sa lahat na welcome sa party, at agad na nag-usap-usap ang mga tao.

to govern
to govern
[Pandiwa]

to control or determine how an activity, process, or situation operates or develops

mamahala,  magtakda

mamahala, magtakda

Ex: Strict rules govern how personal information can be used. 
government
government
[Pangngalan]

the group of politicians in control of a country or state

pamahalaan, administrasyon

pamahalaan, administrasyon

Ex: In a democratic system, the government is chosen by the people through free and fair elections. 
ignorant
ignorant
[pang-uri]

lacking sophistication, worldly experience, or social refinement

mangmang, walang muwang

mangmang, walang muwang

Ex: The ignorant traveler offended the locals by ignoring customs. 

Nasaktan ng manlalakbay na mangmang ang mga lokal sa pamamagitan ng pagwawalang-bahala sa mga kaugalian.

ignorance
ignorance
[Pangngalan]

the fact or state of not having the necessary information, knowledge, or understanding of something

kawalang-alam

kawalang-alam

Ex: His ignorance of the subject was evident when he gave incorrect answers during the discussion. 

Ang kanyang kawalan ng kaalaman sa paksa ay halata nang nagbigay siya ng mga maling sagot sa panahon ng talakayan.

to improve
to improve
[Pandiwa]

to make a person or thing better

pagbutihin, pahusayin

pagbutihin, pahusayin

Ex: She took workshops to improve her language skills for career advancement. 
improvement
improvement
[Pangngalan]

the action or process of making something better

pagpapabuti, pag-unlad

pagpapabuti, pag-unlad

Ex: Improvement in customer service boosted their reputation. 
to intend
to intend
[Pandiwa]

to have something in mind as a plan or purpose

balak, plano

balak, plano

Ex: I intend to start exercising regularly to improve my health. 
intention
intention
[Pangngalan]

something that one is aiming, wanting, or planning to do

intensyon, layunin

intensyon, layunin

Ex: The defendant claimed that he had no intention of breaking the law, but the evidence suggested otherwise. 
loneliness
loneliness
[Pangngalan]

the state of not having any companions or company

kalungkutan

kalungkutan

Ex: The loneliness of the remote village was evident, with no neighbors for miles around. 

Ang kalungkutan ng malayong nayon ay halata, walang kapitbahay sa milya-milyang palibot.

race
race
[Pangngalan]

(biology) a taxonomic category below species that has a distinct feature from other groups in the same species

lahi, subspecies

lahi, subspecies

Ex: Scientists identified a distinct race within the species. 
racism
racism
[Pangngalan]

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one's own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

Ex: The teacher was accused of racism for treating students unfairly. 
to reduce
to reduce
[Pandiwa]

to make something smaller in amount, degree, price, etc.

bawasan, pababain

bawasan, pababain

Ex: The chef suggested using alternative ingredients to reduce the calorie content of the dish. 
reduction
reduction
[Pangngalan]

a decline in amount, degree, etc. of a particular thing

pagbabawas, pag-unti

pagbabawas, pag-unti

Ex: The reduction in greenhouse gas emissions is crucial for combating climate change. 
ugly
ugly
[pang-uri]

very unattractive or unpleasant in appearance

pangit,  hindi kaaya-aya

pangit, hindi kaaya-aya

Ex: Emma thought the old concrete building was ugly. 
ugliness
ugliness
[Pangngalan]

the state of being not attractive or not pleasing to the eye

pangit, kagaspangan

pangit, kagaspangan

Ex: The ugliness of the cracked pavement and abandoned cars gave the neighborhood a rundown appearance. 

Ang kapangitan ng bitak-bitak na bangketa at mga inabandonang sasakyan ay nagbigay sa kapitbahayan ng isang sira-sirang itsura.

vandal
vandal
[Pangngalan]

someone who intentionally damages or destroys public or private property

bandal, taong sinadyang sumira ng ari-arian

bandal, taong sinadyang sumira ng ari-arian

Ex: The police were searching for the vandal who spray-painted graffiti on the walls of the historic building. 

Ang pulis ay naghahanap sa bandal na nag-spray-paint ng graffiti sa mga pader ng makasaysayang gusali.

vandalism
vandalism
[Pangngalan]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

pambababoy

pambababoy

Ex: After the vandalism of the public library, the community came together to clean and restore the damaged areas. 

Pagkatapos ng pambababoy sa pampublikong aklatan, nagkaisa ang komunidad para linisin at ayusin ang mga nasirang lugar.

lonely
lonely
[pang-uri]

unhappy because of being alone or lacking companionship

Ex: Emma felt lonely after moving to a new city. 
violent
violent
[pang-uri]

(of a person and their actions) using or involving physical force that is intended to damage or harm

marahas, agresibo

marahas, agresibo

Ex: The violent assailant attacked innocent bystanders in a fit of rage. 

Ang marahas na salarin ay umatake sa mga inosenteng bystander sa isang pag-atake ng galit.

violence
violence
[Pangngalan]

a crime that is intentionally directed toward a person or thing to hurt, intimidate, or kill them

karahasan, kalupitan

karahasan, kalupitan

Ex: The city has seen a rise in violence over the past few months, leading to increased police presence. 
weak
weak
[pang-uri]

structurally fragile or lacking durability

mahina, marupok

mahina, marupok

Ex: The dam failed at its weakest point during the flood. 
weakness
weakness
[Pangngalan]

a lack of power, influence, or ability to act effectively

kahinaan, kahinaan

kahinaan, kahinaan

Ex: The weakness of the organization made it difficult to respond quickly. 
loss
loss
[Pangngalan]

the act or process of no longer having someone or something

pagkawala, pagkalimot

pagkawala, pagkalimot

Ex: The company reported a loss of several clients. 
to lose
to lose
[Pandiwa]

to be deprived of or stop having someone or something

mawala, mawalan

mawala, mawalan

Ex: If you don't take precautions, you might lose your belongings in a crowded place. 
death
death
[Pangngalan]

the fact or act of dying

kamatayan, pagkamatay

kamatayan, pagkamatay

Ex: Her grandfather's death had a big impact on her. 
to die
to die
[Pandiwa]

to no longer be alive

mamatay,  pumanaw

mamatay, pumanaw

Ex: The soldier sacrificed his life, willing to die for the safety of his comrades. 
success
success
[Pangngalan]

the fact of reaching what one tried for or desired

tagumpay, pagkakamit

tagumpay, pagkakamit

Ex: Success comes with patience and effort. 
to succeed
to succeed
[Pandiwa]

to reach or achieve what one desired or tried for

magtagumpay, makaabot

magtagumpay, makaabot

Ex: He succeeded in winning the championship after years of rigorous training and competition. 
thought
thought
[Pangngalan]

something that comes to one's mind, such as, an idea, image, etc.

isip, ideya

isip, ideya

Ex: She shared her thoughts on the book in a thoughtful review. 
to think
to think
[Pandiwa]

to have a type of belief or idea about a person or thing

mag-isip, maniwala

mag-isip, maniwala

Ex: What do you think of the new employee? 
belief
belief
[Pangngalan]

a strong feeling of certainty that something or someone exists or is true; a strong feeling that something or someone is right or good

paniniwala, pananampalataya

paniniwala, pananampalataya

Ex: The team's success was fueled by their collective belief in their ability to overcome challenges. 
to believe
to believe
[Pandiwa]

to accept something to be true even without proof

maniwala, magtiwala

maniwala, magtiwala

Ex: You shouldn't believe everything you see on social media. 
heat
heat
[Pangngalan]

a state of having a higher than normal temperature

init, alinsangan

init, alinsangan

Ex: The heat in the tropical forest was humid and stifling. 
warm
warm
[pang-uri]

having a temperature that is high but not hot, especially in a way that is pleasant

mainit, maligamgam

mainit, maligamgam

Ex: They enjoyed a warm summer evening around the campfire. 
strength
strength
[Pangngalan]

the quality or state of being physically or mentally strong

lakas, tatag

lakas, tatag

Ex: The company's financial strength enabled it to withstand economic downturns. 
strong
strong
[pang-uri]

having a lot of physical power

malakas, matatag

malakas, matatag

Ex: The athlete's strong legs helped him run faster. 
height
height
[Pangngalan]

the distance from the top to the bottom of something or someone

taas

taas

Ex: The height of the tree is approximately 30 meters. 
high
high
[pang-uri]

having a relatively great vertical extent

mataas

mataas

Ex: The airplane flew at a high altitude, above the clouds. 
width
width
[Pangngalan]

the measurement of something from one side or edge to the other

lapad

lapad

Ex: Sarah measured the width of the doorway before ordering the cabinet. 
wide
wide
[pang-uri]

having a large length from side to side

malawak, malapad

malawak, malapad

Ex: The bridge was wide, allowing for multiple lanes of traffic. 
employment
employment
[Pangngalan]

the fact or state of having a regular paid job

empleo,  trabaho

empleo, trabaho

Ex: After months of searching, she finally found employment at a local marketing firm. 
to entertain
to entertain
[Pandiwa]

to amuse or interest someone so that they enjoy themselves

maglibang

maglibang

Ex: The magician entertained the children for nearly an hour. 
entertainment
entertainment
[Pangngalan]

activities, performances, films, shows, or other things provided for people's enjoyment

libangan, aliwan

libangan, aliwan

Ex: The hotel offers live entertainment every evening. 
to excite
to excite
[Pandiwa]

to make a person feel interested or happy, particularly about something that will happen soon

pasiglahin, galakin

pasiglahin, galakin

Ex: The news of the upcoming concert excited music fans all over the city. 

Ang balita tungkol sa darating na konsiyerto ay nagpasigla sa mga tagahanga ng musika sa buong lungsod.

excitement
excitement
[Pangngalan]

a strong feeling of enthusiasm, eagerness, or emotional stimulation

Ex: The children could hardly contain their excitement about the trip. 
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