ACT Science - Geography and Oceanography

Here you will learn some English words related to geography and oceanography, such as "glacier", "boreal", "latitude", etc. that will help you ace your ACTs.

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ACT Science

a scientist specializing in the study of oceans, focusing on their physical properties, marine life, ecosystems, and interactions with the atmosphere and land

Ex: The findings of oceanographers help us understand climate change impacts on marine ecosystems .

a person who studies the Earth's landscapes, climates, populations, and their relationships to human activities and the environment

Ex: The government hired geographers to assess the environmental impact of the new highway construction project .

the atmospheric layer above the troposphere, where temperature generally increases with altitude and the ozone layer is situated

Ex: The stability of air in the stratosphere limits vertical convection and turbulence , providing a relatively calm atmospheric region .
epipelagic [adjective]

relating to the upper layer of the oceanic zone, extending from the surface to a depth of about 200 meters

mesopelagic [adjective]

relating to the middle layer of the oceanic zone, extending from a depth of about 200 meters to about 1000 meters

bathypelagic [adjective]

relating to the deep layer of the oceanic zone, extending from a depth of about 1000 meters to about 4000 meters below the surface

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

Ex: Rapid deforestation has destroyed the habitats of countless wildlife species .
topographical [adjective]

related to the detailed mapping or description of the physical features and landscape of a particular area

Ex: The construction project required a topographical study to assess the suitability of the land .
outback [noun]

remote and sparsely populated inland regions of Australia, typically characterized by arid landscapes and minimal human habitation

Ex: Researchers study the flora and fauna of the outback to understand their adaptations to harsh desert conditions .

the elevated regions or mountainous areas that are higher than the surrounding terrain, often characterized by cooler temperatures and diverse ecosystems

Ex: Many ancient civilizations built their settlements in the highlands to take advantage of the natural defense provided by the terrain .
overseas [adverb]

‌to or in a foreign country, particularly one that is across the sea

Ex: The military deployed troops overseas for peacekeeping missions .
alpine [adjective]

related to the Alps mountain range and the people who live there

Ex:
subterranean [adjective]

situated, occurring, or existing beneath the surface of the earth

Ex: Our city has a network of subterranean passages used for utilities .
latitude [noun]

an imaginary horizontal circle around the Earth parallel to the equator, used to measure north-south position

Ex:

a lake, either natural or artificial, from which water is supplied to houses

Ex: Fishermen enjoy the recreational opportunities provided by the reservoir , known for its abundant fish population .
riparian [adjective]

related to areas or ecosystems situated along the banks of rivers, streams, or other water bodies

Ex: Farmers implement riparian buffers to reduce erosion and filter pollutants before they reach waterways .

the vertical column of water in a body of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or river, extending from the surface to the bottom

boreal [adjective]

related to regions or climates located in the northern latitudes of the Earth, characterized by cold temperatures and typically dominated by coniferous forests

Ex: Boreal climates experience long , snowy winters and short , cool summers , influencing the types of plants and animals that thrive there .
seaboard [noun]

the coastal regions or areas adjacent to the sea or ocean, often characterized by economic activities such as shipping, fishing, and tourism

Ex: Historically , pirates were known to raid ships along the Caribbean seaboard .
intertidal [adjective]

related to the zone between the high and low tide marks on the shore, where marine organisms are adapted to alternating periods of exposure to air and water

Ex: People explore tide pools in the intertidal area to observe marine life during low tide .

a monitoring station located along a coastline or in a body of water that measures and records tidal data

aphotic [adjective]

related to ocean zones where no sunlight penetrates, typically below 200 meters deep, supporting organisms adapted to darkness

Ex: Researchers use specialized equipment to explore and study the aphotic regions of the ocean .
glacier [noun]

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

Ex: Mountaineers face numerous challenges when attempting to traverse icy crevasses on glaciers .
landmass [noun]

a large, unbroken expanse of land, like a continent or a big island, standing out from smaller land features

Ex: Scientists study the ancient landmass of Pangaea to understand the historical movement of continents .

a period of intense air pollution characterized by high levels of a mixture of pollutants

circumpolar [adjective]

related to areas or phenomena located around the poles of the Earth, particularly within the Arctic and Antarctic circles

Ex: The circumpolar distribution of certain plant species indicates their adaptation to harsh , cold environments .
aquifer [noun]

a layer of rock or sediment that stores and transmits groundwater

Ex: Groundwater levels in the aquifer dropped during the drought .
geodetic [adjective]

related to the science of measuring and understanding the Earth's shape, size, gravitational field, and the precise locations of points on its surface

Ex: Engineers rely on geodetic measurements to design infrastructure projects , ensuring they align correctly with the Earth 's curvature .
landfill [noun]

a piece of land under which waste material is buried

Ex: The old landfill site is being transformed into a park .

a scientist who studies and predicts weather conditions by analyzing atmospheric patterns, utilizing tools such as weather models, instruments, and data to provide forecasts and weather-related information

Ex: The meteorologist uses satellites to track hurricanes as they form .
atmospheric [adjective]

having a connection to or originating in the Earth's atmosphere

Ex: Scientists study atmospheric chemistry to understand the composition of gases in the Earth 's atmosphere .

one of the two halves of the Earth, separated by the equator or a meridian

Ex: The equator divides the Earth into two hemispheres .