ACT Science - Animal Life and Evolution

Here you will learn some English words related to animal life and evolution, such as "endemic", "diurnal", "toxicity", etc. that will help you ace your ACTs.

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ACT Science

an animal that primarily feeds on insects or other small invertebrates

carnivorous [adjective]

(of plants or animals) feeding on the meat or flesh of other animals

Ex: Wolves are carnivorous mammals that hunt in packs for larger prey like deer and elk .
herbivorous [adjective]

(of an animal) solely feeding on plants

Ex: Deer are herbivorous animals commonly found in forests and grasslands , feeding on leaves , twigs , and grasses .

an organism that cannot produce its own food and must obtain energy by consuming other organisms or organic matter

Ex:

an organism that breaks down and feeds on dead organic matter, such as decaying plant and animal material

parasitic [adjective]

relating to organisms that live on or inside other organisms, benefiting at the expense of their hosts

Ex: Fleas are parasitic insects that feed on the blood of mammals and birds .
endothermic [adjective]

(of an animal) generating and regulating their own body heat internally

arousal [noun]

the process of waking up or becoming active and alert, often influenced by environmental stimuli or internal biological rhythms

Ex: The arousal of nocturnal animals occurs as the sun sets , preparing them for nighttime activity .

(of some animals or plants) to spend the winter sleeping deeply

Ex: The groundhog 's shadow is said to predict how long it will hibernate .
venom [noun]

a toxic substance produced and secreted by certain animals, typically used for defense or hunting

Ex: Some frogs produce venom as a chemical defense .
toxicity [noun]

the harmful effects or potential for harm caused by a substance to living organisms or the environment

Ex: Environmental activists raised concerns about the toxicity of air pollution from nearby industrial plants .
potency [noun]

the capacity or ability of an organism, often referring to its genetic potential, reproductive success, or influence within its environment

Ex: The potency of a species can be observed in its ability to adapt to changing environments .
habitat [noun]

the place or area in which certain animals, birds, or plants naturally exist, lives, and grows

Ex: Urban expansion is destroying the habitat of many wild animals .
predatory [adjective]

(of wild animals) hunting, killing, and feeding on other animals for survival

Ex:

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

Ex: Human activities like deforestation can disrupt fragile ecosystems and lead to biodiversity loss .
diurnal [adjective]

primarily active or occurring during the daytime

Ex: The biologist focused her research on diurnal species , observing their behaviors and interactions throughout the day .
nocturnal [adjective]

(of animals or organisms) primarily active during the night

Ex: Bats are nocturnal creatures , sleeping during the day and becoming active after sunset .
crepuscular [adjective]

(of an animal) active during the twilight hours of dawn and dusk

Ex: The zoo 's nocturnal exhibit featured crepuscular animals like the serval and the tamandua , showcasing their natural behaviors during the twilight hours .

to bring up partially digested food from the stomach back into the mouth, often to feed young or as part of the digestive process

Ex: Some marine animals , like penguins , regurgitate food to nourish their offspring .

the internal bony structure of an animal that gives it form and supports its weight

the hard outer covering that supports the body of an animal, such as an arthropod

Ex: Crustaceans like crabs have exoskeletons made of chitin .
extinct [adjective]

(of an animal, plant, etc.) not having any living members, either due to natural causes, environmental changes, or human activity

Ex: The passenger pigeon was once one of the most abundant bird species in North America but became extinct in the early 20th century .

the process of bringing extinct species back to life through scientific methods

domesticated [adjective]

(of a wild animal) tamed and adapted to live with or to the benefit of humans

Ex:

the protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities

Ex:
cloning [noun]

the scientific process of creating an identical or near-identical copy of a living organism, cell, or DNA sequence through asexual reproduction or genetic engineering techniques

Ex: Ethical debates often arise regarding human cloning .
evolutionary [adjective]

related to evolution or the slow and gradual development of something

Ex: The evolutionary history of humans traces back millions of years to ancestral primates .

a taxonomic rank below species that represents a distinct population within a species, exhibiting consistent differences from other populations

primitive [adjective]

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

Ex: The discovery of primitive plants helped scientists understand ancient ecosystems .
endangered [adjective]

(of an animal, plant, etc.) being at risk of extinction

Ex:
endemic [adjective]

found or restricted to a specific geographic region or habitat

Ex: The endemic culture of the region is reflected in its traditional music and art .
mastodon [noun]

an extinct large, elephant-like mammal with long, curved tusks and a body covered in hair, which lived during the Pleistocene epoch

Ex: Paleontologists study mastodon remains to understand the reasons for their extinction .

an extinct hominid species closely related to modern humans, characterized by a robust build and distinctive facial features, that lived in Europe and parts of Asia until approximately 40,000 years ago

Ex: Neanderthals are recognized for their distinctive physical traits , including a robust build and unique facial features .