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ACT Science - Botany and Gardening

Here you will learn some English words related to botany and gardening, such as "crown", "prune", "stoma", etc. that will help you ace your ACTs.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
botanist
botanist
[noun]

a student of or specialist in the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

Ex: The botanist worked with conservationists to protect endangered plant species from habitat loss due to deforestation .
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biennial
biennial
[noun]

a plant that lives for two years and in its second year produces seeds and flowers

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evergreen
evergreen
[noun]

any type of plant with leaves that remain green throughout the year

Ex: The old cemetery was surrounded by tall evergreens, their steady presence offering a sense of peace and continuity .
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patch
patch
[noun]

a small plot of land that is used for growing a particular type of crops or plants

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foliage
foliage
[noun]

a plant or tree's branches and leaves collectively

Ex: In autumn , the foliage of the trees turns brilliant shades of red and orange .
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bulb
bulb
[noun]

the ball-shaped root of some plants that grows anew every year

Ex: The onion bulb grew underground and was harvested for cooking .
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potting soil

a specially formulated mixture of organic and inorganic materials used to grow plants in containers

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crown
crown
[noun]

the top part of a tree or other plant

Ex: The dense crown of the fir tree provided excellent shelter for wildlife during the winter .
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terrarium
terrarium
[noun]

a sealed or open container for growing and displaying small plants, often used as a decorative piece indoors

Ex: Terrariums require occasional watering and indirect sunlight to thrive .
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to prune
to prune
[Verb]

to cut off top part or some branches of trees, bushes, or other plants to help them grow faster

Ex: He prunes the grapevines in the vineyard to remove excess growth and improve grape quality .
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grove
grove
[noun]

a small group of trees planted closely together, often cultivated for their ornamental value or fruit production

Ex: Gardeners planted a grove of redwoods to create a shaded retreat in the park .
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to pollinate

to deposit pollen on a plant or flower so that it can produce new seeds or fruit

Ex: Some plants , like corn , are pollinated by the wind , while others , like tomatoes , rely on bees .
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photosynthesis

a process in green plants during which the plant synthesizes using water and carbon dioxide

Ex: Coral reefs rely on algae 's photosynthesis for nutrients .
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vegetation

trees and plants in general, particularly those of a specific habitat or area

Ex: The boreal forest 's vegetation, dominated by evergreen conifers , stretches for miles across the northern latitudes , with sparse undergrowth due to the harsh climate .
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phytoremediation

the use of plants to clean up soil, water, and air contaminated with hazardous pollutants

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mycology
mycology
[noun]

the scientific study of fungi, including their taxonomy, biology, ecology, and uses

Ex: A course in mycology covers topics such as fungal morphology , reproduction , and cultivation techniques .
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spore germination

the process by which the reproductive unit of the plants or fungi begins to grow and develop into a new organism

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phototropism

the tendency of plants to grow toward or away from light, influenced by the direction and intensity of light

Ex: Farmers use knowledge of phototropism to optimize crop placement for maximum sunlight exposure .
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dandelion
dandelion
[noun]

a small plant with yellow flowers that turn into round, fluffy seed heads

Ex: Dandelions spread easily across lawns and fields .
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tulip
tulip
[noun]

a flower shaped like a cup that has bright colors and blossoms in spring

Ex: In the spring , the tulip fields stretched as far as the eye could see , attracting many visitors for a picturesque view .
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sprout
sprout
[noun]

a new growth or bud on a plant, typically emerging from a seed, bulb, or dormant bud

Ex: The basil plant had several new sprouts after being pruned .
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stoma
stoma
[noun]

a microscopic pore found on the surface of leaves and stems of plants, involved in gas exchange, including the uptake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen and water vapor

Ex: The stoma provides a pathway for gases to move in and out of the plant 's tissues during photosynthesis .
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algae
algae
[noun]

plants without true roots, leaves, or stems, which grow in or near a body of water, such as seaweeds

Ex: The scientists studied various types of algae to understand their potential for biofuel production .
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phytoplankton

the microscopic, photosynthetic organisms found in aquatic environments, such as oceans, lakes, and rivers, forming the base of the aquatic food chain

Ex: Phytoplankton blooms provide essential nutrients for marine organisms and help regulate Earth 's climate .
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viburnum
viburnum
[noun]

a genus of flowering shrubs and small trees known for their clusters of white or pink flowers, followed by berries, commonly found in temperate regions

Ex: Botanists study the diversity of viburnum species across different climatic zones.
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moss
moss
[noun]

a small, non-vascular plant that lacks true roots, stems, and leaves, typically forming dense green mats or cushions in damp or shady environments

Ex: Researchers study moss diversity and adaptation to understand their ecological roles in various habitats.
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seaweed
seaweed
[noun]

a type of plant that grows in or near the sea

Ex: The beach was littered with seaweed after the storm , creating a natural carpet of green and brown .
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taproot
taproot
[noun]

the primary, central root of a plant that grows vertically downward, typically thicker than other roots, anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients

Ex: The taproot system of oak trees extends deep into the soil for stability and support .
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peony
peony
[noun]

a flowering plant known for its large, showy blossoms with lush, often fragrant petals

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to graft
to graft
[Verb]

to cut and join a piece of a living plant to another plant so that it can continue growing from there

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sepal
sepal
[noun]

the outermost part of a flower, typically green and leaf-like in appearance, protecting the flower bud before it opens

Ex: During pollination , sepals may change color or shape to attract pollinators like bees .
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euphorbia
euphorbia
[noun]

a plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, known for their diverse forms from succulents to shrubs, typically characterized by milky sap and unique flower structures

Ex: Botanists study euphorbias to understand their ecological roles and evolutionary adaptations .
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stalk
stalk
[noun]

the slender, elongated part of a plant that supports leaves, flowers, or fruits

Ex: They picked the juicy tomatoes , gently twisting the stalks to separate them from the vine .
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sprig
sprig
[noun]

a small, slender branch or shoot with leaves, commonly used in decorative arrangements or for propagation in gardening and landscaping

Ex: A sprig of ivy draped elegantly over the garden trellis , adding a touch of greenery .
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