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Health and Sickness - Cancer

Here you will learn some English words related to cancer such as "leukemia", "tumor", and "benign".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
carcinogen

a substance or agent that has the potential to cause cancer in living tissues

Ex: Tobacco smoke contains carcinogens that increase the risk of lung cancer. 
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cancerous
cancerous
[Adjective]

related to or characterized by the presence of cancer, a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

Ex: The doctor discovered a cancerous tumor during the patient's routine examination. 
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carcinogenic
carcinogenic
[Adjective]

having the potential to cause or promote the development of cancer

Ex: Exposure to asbestos is known to have carcinogenic effects, particularly on the lungs. 
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carcinoma
carcinoma
[noun]

a type of cancer that originates in epithelial tissues, such as the skin or the lining of internal organs

Ex: Skin carcinoma often develops from prolonged sun exposure and is the most common type of skin cancer. 
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Hodgkin's disease

a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, characterized by the presence of specific abnormal cells called Reed-Sternberg cells

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leukemia
leukemia
[noun]

a potentially fatal disease characterized by a rise in the number of white blood cells in one's body

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lymphoma
lymphoma
[noun]

a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, which is a part of the body's immune system, and can manifest in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and other lymphoid tissues

Ex: Some specific kinds of lymphoma, like Burkitt lymphoma, can be more aggressive. 
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sarcoma
sarcoma
[noun]

a type of cancer that develops in the connective tissues of the body, including muscles, bones, tendons, and cartilage

Ex: Treatment for sarcoma may involve surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy. 
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tumor
tumor
[noun]

an abnormal mass of diseased cells that serves no function in the body and usually causes medical problems

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endometrial cancer

a type of cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus, often characterized by abnormal vaginal bleeding

Ex: Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the lining of the uterus. 
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breast cancer

a type of cancer that originates in the cells of the breast, often forming a lump or mass

Ex: Breast cancer is when abnormal cells grow in the breast, forming a lump. 
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liver cancer

a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the liver, often associated with underlying liver diseases

Ex: Liver cancer is a disease that originates in the cells of the liver, affecting its normal function. 
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lung cancer

a type of cancer that originates in the lungs, typically linked to smoking but can also occur in non-smokers

Ex: Lung cancer is a disease where abnormal cells grow in the lungs, affecting breathing. 
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pancreatic cancer

a type of cancer that begins in the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach, often diagnosed at an advanced stage

Ex: Pancreatic cancer is a disease that starts in the pancreas, affecting its normal functioning. 
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prostate cancer

abnormal growth of cells in a small organ of males called prostate that is close to their bladder and releases a liquid that contains sperm

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skin cancer

a type of cancer that develops in the skin cells, often caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun or tanning beds

Ex: Skin cancer is a disease that starts in the cells of the skin, commonly caused by sun exposure. 
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squamous cell carcinoma

a common type of skin cancer that originates in the squamous cells, which are flat cells found on the surface of the skin

Ex: Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that arises from the outer layer of the skin. 
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basal cell carcinoma

a common type of skin cancer that usually grows slowly and typically occurs in sun-exposed areas of the skin

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testicular cancer

a type of cancer that develops in the testicles, the male reproductive organs responsible for producing sperm and hormones

Ex: Testicular cancer is a disease that originates in the cells of the testicles. 
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bladder cancer

a type of cancer that originates in the cells of the bladder, which is a hollow organ in the lower abdomen that stores urine

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kidney cancer

a type of cancer that starts in the kidneys, which are organs that filter waste from the blood and produce urine

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thyroid cancer

a type of cancer that forms in the cells of the thyroid gland, which is located in the front of the neck and produces hormones that regulate metabolism

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scirrhous carcinoma

a type of cancer characterized by hard, dense, and fibrous tissue formation

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soft tissue sarcoma

a type of cancer that forms in the soft tissues of the body, such as muscles, tendons, and fat

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gynecologic cancer

a type of cancer that originates in the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva

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benign
benign
[Adjective]

(of a tumor) not leading to cancer or spreading to other parts of the body

Ex: The doctor confirmed that the lump was benign and didn't require surgery. 
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