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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Sociedad

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre la sociedad, como "nobility", "civic", "ethnic", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
sociology
[Sustantivo]

the scientific study of human society, its nature, structure, and development, as well as social behavior

sociología

sociología

Ex: The study sociology can help one understand why some social issues persist over time .El estudio de la **sociología** puede ayudar a comprender por qué algunos problemas sociales persisten con el tiempo.
anthropology
[Sustantivo]

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

antropología

antropología

Ex: anthropology explores human evolution , genetics , and physical adaptations through the study of fossils , primates , and modern human populations .La **antropología** biológica explora la evolución humana, la genética y las adaptaciones físicas a través del estudio de fósiles, primates y poblaciones humanas modernas.
stratum
[Sustantivo]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

estrato

estrato

Ex: The political party gained support from the stratum.El partido político obtuvo el apoyo del **estrato** de la clase trabajadora.
upper class
[Sustantivo]

a social group made up of people who hold the highest social position and are usually quite wealthy

clase alta

clase alta

middle class
[Sustantivo]

the social class between the upper and lower classes that includes professional and business people

clase media

clase media

lower class
[Sustantivo]

the social class consisting of people with the lowest position in society and the least money

clase baja

clase baja

old money
[Sustantivo]

wealth that has been inherited and not earned

dinero heredado

dinero heredado

nobility
[Sustantivo]

the class of people with the highest social or political ranks and titles

nobleza

nobleza

Ex: The opulent ball was attended by nobility, showcasing their wealth and status .El opulento baile fue atendido por la **nobleza**, mostrando su riqueza y estatus.
bourgeoisie
[Sustantivo]

the society's middle class

burguesía

burguesía

Ex: The revolutionaries aimed to overthrow bourgeoisie and establish a more equitable society .Los revolucionarios pretendían derrocar a la **burguesía** y establecer una sociedad más equitativa.
caste
[Sustantivo]

a form of social classification in Hinduism, characterized by social status and relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution

casta

casta

supremacist
[Sustantivo]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

racista

racista

Ex: supremacist's rhetoric fueled division and conflict in the community .La retórica del **supremacista** avivó la división y el conflicto en la comunidad.
overlord
[Sustantivo]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

señor

señor

Ex: During the empire , the emperor was considered the overlord.Durante el imperio, el emperador era considerado el **señor supremo** definitivo.
subordinate
[Sustantivo]

someone with an inferior position than another person within an organization

subordinado

subordinado

multiculturalism
[Sustantivo]

the belief that cultural diversity within a society should be respected

multiculturalismo

multiculturalismo

Ex: Multiculturalism is an ongoing process that requires active engagement and dialogue among individuals and communities to build a more inclusive and harmonious society .El **multiculturalismo** es un proceso continuo que requiere un compromiso activo y un diálogo entre individuos y comunidades para construir una sociedad más inclusiva y armoniosa.
civic
[Adjetivo]

relating to the activities or duties of individuals concerning their town, city, or local area

cívico

cívico

Ex: Civic duty calls upon individuals to contribute positively to society by respecting laws, promoting tolerance, and supporting the common good.El **deber cívico** llama a los individuos a contribuir positivamente a la sociedad respetando las leyes, promoviendo la tolerancia y apoyando el bien común.
demographic
[Sustantivo]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demográfico

demográfico

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a demographic.Las empresas a menudo adaptan sus productos para atraer a un **demográfico** específico.
social contract
[Sustantivo]

an implicit agreement among citizens about collaboration in a way that benefits everyone in the society

contrato social

contrato social

collective
[Adjetivo]

involving, done, or shared by all members of a group

colectivo

colectivo

Ex: The board issued collective statement in support of the new policy changes .La junta emitió una declaración **colectiva** en apoyo a los nuevos cambios de política.
microaggression
[Sustantivo]

any remark, comment, act, or statement that consciously or unconsciously expresses prejudice or discrimination against a group or member of society

microagresión

microagresión

ethnic
[Adjetivo]

relating to a group of people with shared culture, tradition, history, language, etc.

étnico

étnico

Ex: Ethnic music and dance performances entertain audiences with their rhythmic beats and expressive movements.Las actuaciones de música y danza **étnicas** entretienen al público con sus ritmos vibrantes y movimientos expresivos.
Caucasian
[Adjetivo]

referring to people with light or white skin, typically of European origin

caucasiano

caucasiano

Ex: Caucasian artist 's work often explores themes related to European culture and heritage .El trabajo del artista **caucásico** a menudo explora temas relacionados con la cultura y el patrimonio europeo.
gender binary
[Sustantivo]

a method of gender classification that categorizes all people into either male or female

binarismo de género

binarismo de género

masculinity
[Sustantivo]

the qualities or attributes that are considered to be typical of or suitable for men

masculinidad

masculinidad

femininity
[Sustantivo]

the qualities or attributes that are considered to be typical of or suitable for women

feminidad

feminidad

gender identity
[Sustantivo]

a person's perception of their own gender, which may differ from the gender they were identified with at birth

identidad de género

identidad de género

homosexual
[Adjetivo]

(of a person) having a sexual or romantic attraction to people of the same gender

homosexual

homosexual

Ex: David stands in solidarity with homosexual community , advocating for their right to live authentically and without fear of discrimination .David se solidariza con la comunidad **homosexual**, abogando por su derecho a vivir de manera auténtica y sin miedo a la discriminación.
heterosexual
[Adjetivo]

(of a person) having a sexual or romantic attraction to people of the opposite gender

heterosexual

heterosexual

Ex: heterosexual relationship was widely recognized in their community .Su relación **heterosexual** fue ampliamente reconocida en su comunidad.
bisexual
[Adjetivo]

(of a person) having a sexual attraction to people of both their own gender and other genders

bisexual

bisexual

Ex: Jack learns about bisexuality through conversations with bisexual sibling , deepening his understanding of diverse sexual orientations .Jack aprende sobre la **bisexualidad** a través de conversaciones con su hermano o hermana bisexual, profundizando su comprensión de las diversas orientaciones sexuales.
non-binary
[Adjetivo]

related to someone whose gender identity does not fit in the traditional binary categories of male or female

no binario

no binario

Ex: David appreciated the honesty and authenticity of non-binary community , which challenged societal norms and promoted acceptance of diverse gender identities .David apreció la honestidad y autenticidad de la comunidad **no binaria**, que desafió las normas sociales y promovió la aceptación de diversas identidades de género.
asexual
[Adjetivo]

(of a person) having no sexual interests or not experiencing any sexual attraction

asexual

asexual

Ex: David stands in solidarity with asexual community , advocating for greater awareness and acceptance of their identities and experiences .David se solidariza con la comunidad **asexual**, abogando por una mayor conciencia y aceptación de sus identidades y experiencias.
cisgender
[Adjetivo]

related to or describing a person whose sense of gender matches their biological sex

cisgénero

cisgénero

transvestite
[Sustantivo]

someone who enjoys wearing clothes that are usually worn by the opposite sex

travesti

travesti

transgender
[Adjetivo]

describing or relating to someone whose gender identity does not correspond with their birth sex

transgénero

transgénero

Ex: Mary respected her transgender neighbor's chosen name and pronouns, creating a welcoming and inclusive environment in their community.Mary respetó el nombre y los pronombres elegidos por su vecino **transgénero**, creando un ambiente acogedor e inclusivo en su comunidad.
transsexual
[Adjetivo]

describing or relating to a transgender person, especially one whose bodily traits have been modified through a surgical operation or hormone therapy to align them with their gender identity

transexual

transexual

gender-fluid
[Adjetivo]

relating to someone whose gender identity is unstable and can change over time

género fluido

género fluido

peer
[Sustantivo]

a person of the same age, social status, or capability as another specified individual

coetáneo, par

coetáneo, par

Ex: Despite being new to the company , she quickly established herself as peer to her colleagues through hard work and expertise .
LGBTQ
[Adjetivo]

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning

LGBTQ

LGBTQ

Ex: Education about LGBTQ issues in schools fosters a more inclusive environment and helps combat bullying and prejudice.La educación sobre temas **LGBTQ** en las escuelas fomenta un entorno más inclusivo y ayuda a combatir el acoso y los prejuicios.
intersex
[Sustantivo]

the state of having the sex organs or other sexual features of both genders

intersexualidad

intersexualidad

pansexual
[Adjetivo]

related to a person who is sexually and emotionally attracted to people regardless of their gender or sex

pansexual

pansexual

Ex: Despite facing stigma and misunderstanding , pansexual individual embraces their identity with pride and confidence , finding fulfillment in their ability to love people of all genders .A pesar de enfrentar estigma y malentendidos, el individuo **pansexual** abraza su identidad con orgullo y confianza, encontrando satisfacción en su capacidad de amar a personas de todos los géneros.
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