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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Sociedad

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre la sociedad, como "nobility", "civic", "ethnic", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
sociology
sociology
[Sustantivo]

the scientific study of human society, its nature, structure, and development, as well as social behavior

sociología

sociología

Ex: She decided to study sociology because she was interested in how culture influences people's behaviors. 
anthropology
anthropology
[Sustantivo]

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

antropología

antropología

Ex: Sarah decided to major in anthropology to study the diverse cultures and societies around the world. 
stratum
stratum
[Sustantivo]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

estrato

estrato

Ex: The study focused on the middle-income stratum of society. 
upper class
upper class
[Sustantivo]

a social group made up of people who hold the highest social position and are usually quite wealthy

clase alta

clase alta

Ex: The upper class often owns large estates and businesses. 
middle class
middle class
[Sustantivo]

the social class between the upper and lower classes that includes professional and business people

clase media

clase media

Ex: Many middle-class families own their homes. 
lower class
lower class
[Sustantivo]

the social class consisting of people with the lowest position in society and the least money

clase baja

clase baja

Ex: Many families in the lower class face financial difficulties. 
old money
old money
[Sustantivo]

wealth that has been inherited and not earned

dinero heredado

dinero heredado

nobility
nobility
[Sustantivo]

the class of people with the highest social or political ranks and titles

nobleza

nobleza

Ex: The king granted lands and titles to the nobility in recognition of their loyalty. 
bourgeoisie
bourgeoisie
[Sustantivo]

the society's middle class

burguesía

burguesía

Ex: The bourgeoisie in the 19th century played a significant role in shaping economic and social structures. 
caste
caste
[Sustantivo]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

casta

casta

Ex: The caste system in India historically divided society into hierarchical groups based on birth, occupation, and social status. 
supremacist
supremacist
[Sustantivo]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

racista

racista

Ex: Authorities arrested a supremacist who was spreading hate speech online. 
overlord
overlord
[Sustantivo]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

señor

señor

Ex: The medieval lord acted as an overlord over the neighboring villages. 
subordinate
subordinate
[Sustantivo]

an employee who is under the authority or control of another person

subordinado

subordinado

Ex: The manager delegated tasks to his subordinates. 
multiculturalism
multiculturalism
[Sustantivo]

the belief that cultural diversity within a society should be respected

multiculturalismo

multiculturalismo

Ex: Multiculturalism celebrates the richness of cultural diversity and recognizes the contributions of different ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups to society. 
civic
civic
[Adjetivo]

relating to the activities or duties of individuals concerning their town, city, or local area

cívico

cívico

Ex: Civic engagement involves actively participating in community activities or political affairs to promote social justice and change. 
demographic
demographic
[Sustantivo]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demográfico

demográfico

Ex: The new marketing strategy aims to target a younger demographic. 
social contract
social contract
[Sustantivo]

an implicit agreement among citizens about collaboration in a way that benefits everyone in the society

contrato social

contrato social

collective
collective
[Adjetivo]

involving, done, or shared by all members of a group

colectivo

colectivo

Ex: The collective efforts of the volunteers resulted in a successful charity event. 
microaggression
microaggression
[Sustantivo]

any remark, comment, act, or statement that consciously or unconsciously expresses prejudice or discrimination against a group or member of society

microagresión

microagresión

ethnic
ethnic
[Adjetivo]

relating to a group of people with shared culture, tradition, history, language, etc.

étnico

étnico

Ex: The neighborhood celebrates its diverse ethnic heritage with cultural festivals and events. 
Caucasian
Caucasian
[Adjetivo]

referring to people with light or white skin, typically of European origin

caucasiano

caucasiano

Ex: The study included participants of various Caucasian backgrounds to ensure diversity. 
gender binary
gender binary
[Sustantivo]

a method of gender classification that categorizes all people into either male or female

binarismo de género

binarismo de género

masculinity
masculinity
[Sustantivo]

the qualities or attributes that are considered to be typical of or suitable for men

masculinidad

masculinidad

femininity
femininity
[Sustantivo]

the qualities or attributes that are considered to be typical of or suitable for women

feminidad

feminidad

gender identity
gender identity
[Sustantivo]

a person's internal sense of being male, female, both, neither, or another gender

identidad de género

identidad de género

Ex: She is confident in her gender identity. 
homosexual
homosexual
[Adjetivo]

(of a person) having a sexual or romantic attraction to people of the same gender

homosexual

homosexual

Ex: The homosexual couple held hands as they walked through the park, openly expressing their love for each other. 
heterosexual
heterosexual
[Adjetivo]

(of a person) having a sexual or romantic attraction to people of the opposite gender

heterosexual

heterosexual

Ex: She identified as heterosexual and was attracted to men. 
bisexual
bisexual
[Adjetivo]

(of a person) having a sexual attraction to people of both their own gender and other genders

bisexual

bisexual

Ex: Sarah's friend proudly identifies as bisexual, finding beauty in a diverse range of genders. 
non-binary
non-binary
[Adjetivo]

related to someone whose gender identity does not fit in the traditional binary categories of male or female

no binario

no binario

Ex: The non-binary person prefers to use they/them pronouns and does not conform to traditional gender norms. 
asexual
asexual
[Adjetivo]

(of a person) having no sexual interests or not experiencing any sexual attraction

asexual

asexual

Ex: The asexual person values emotional connections and platonic relationships over romantic or sexual ones. 
cisgender
cisgender
[Adjetivo]

related to or describing a person whose sense of gender matches their biological sex

cisgénero

cisgénero

Ex: She is cisgender, identifying as the female she was assigned at birth. 
transvestite
transvestite
[Sustantivo]

someone who enjoys wearing clothes that are usually worn by the opposite sex

travesti

travesti

transgender
transgender
[Adjetivo]

describing or relating to someone whose gender identity does not correspond with their birth sex

transgénero

transgénero

Ex: The transgender woman bravely shared her journey of self-discovery and transition with her friends and family. 
transsexual
transsexual
[Adjetivo]

describing or relating to a transgender person, especially one whose bodily traits have been modified through a surgical operation or hormone therapy to align them with their gender identity

transexual

transexual

gender-fluid
gender-fluid
[Adjetivo]

relating to someone whose gender identity is unstable and can change over time

género fluido

género fluido

peer
peer
[Sustantivo]

a person of the same age, social status, or capability as another specified individual

coetáneo, par

coetáneo, par

Ex: In high school, he struggled to find peers who shared his passion for classical literature. 
LGBTQ
LGBTQ
[Adjetivo]

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning

LGBTQ

LGBTQ

Ex: The LGBTQ community advocates for the rights and acceptance of individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning. 
intersex
intersex
[Sustantivo]

the state of having the sex organs or other sexual features of both genders

intersexualidad

intersexualidad

pansexual
pansexual
[Adjetivo]

related to a person who is sexually and emotionally attracted to people regardless of their gender or sex

pansexual

pansexual

Ex: The pansexual person is attracted to individuals based on personal connection rather than gender. 
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