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Vocabolario Avanzato per il TOEFL - Società

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi sulla società, come "nobiltà", "civico", "etnico", ecc., necessarie per l'esame TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
sociology
[sostantivo]

the scientific study of human society, its nature, structure, and development, as well as social behavior

sociologia

sociologia

Ex: The study of sociology can help one understand why some social issues persist over time .Lo studio della **sociologia** può aiutare a capire perché alcuni problemi sociali persistono nel tempo.
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anthropology
[sostantivo]

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

Antropologia

Antropologia

Ex: Biological anthropology explores human evolution , genetics , and physical adaptations through the study of fossils , primates , and modern human populations .L'**antropologia** biologica esplora l'evoluzione umana, la genetica e gli adattamenti fisici attraverso lo studio di fossili, primati e popolazioni umane moderne.
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stratum
[sostantivo]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

strato

strato

Ex: The political party gained support from the working-class stratum.Il partito politico ha ottenuto il sostegno dello **strato** della classe operaia.
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upper class
[sostantivo]

a social group made up of people who hold the highest social position and are usually quite wealthy

della classe elevata, del ceto alto

della classe elevata, del ceto alto

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middle class
[sostantivo]

the social class between the upper and lower classes that includes professional and business people

classe media

classe media

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lower class
[sostantivo]

the social class consisting of people with the lowest position in society and the least money

classe inferiore

classe inferiore

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old money
[sostantivo]

wealth that has been inherited and not earned

vecchi soldi

vecchi soldi

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nobility
[sostantivo]

the class of people with the highest social or political ranks and titles

Nobilta

Nobilta

Ex: The opulent ball was attended by the nobility, showcasing their wealth and status .Il sontuoso ballo fu frequentato dalla **nobiltà**, che mostrava la loro ricchezza e status.
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bourgeoisie
[sostantivo]

the society's middle class

borghesia

borghesia

Ex: The revolutionaries aimed to overthrow the bourgeoisie and establish a more equitable society .I rivoluzionari miravano a rovesciare la **borghesia** e a stabilire una società più equa.
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caste
[sostantivo]

a form of social classification in Hinduism, characterized by social status and relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution

casta

casta

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supremacist
[sostantivo]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

suprematista

suprematista

Ex: The supremacist's rhetoric fueled division and conflict in the community .La retorica del **suprematista** ha alimentato divisione e conflitto nella comunità.
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overlord
[sostantivo]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

Signori Supremi

Signori Supremi

Ex: During the empire , the emperor was considered the ultimate overlord.Durante l'impero, l'imperatore era considerato il **signore supremo** definitivo.
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subordinate
[sostantivo]

someone with an inferior position than another person within an organization

subordinato

subordinato

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multiculturalism
[sostantivo]

the belief that cultural diversity within a society should be respected

multiculturalismo

multiculturalismo

Ex: Multiculturalism is an ongoing process that requires active engagement and dialogue among individuals and communities to build a more inclusive and harmonious society .Il **multiculturalismo** è un processo continuo che richiede un impegno attivo e un dialogo tra individui e comunità per costruire una società più inclusiva e armoniosa.
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civic
[aggettivo]

relating to the activities or duties of individuals concerning their town, city, or local area

Civico

Civico

Ex: Civic duty calls upon individuals to contribute positively to society by respecting laws, promoting tolerance, and supporting the common good.Il **dovere civico** chiama gli individui a contribuire positivamente alla società rispettando le leggi, promuovendo la tolleranza e sostenendo il bene comune.
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demographic
[sostantivo]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografico

demografico

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a specific demographic.Le aziende spesso adattano i loro prodotti per attirare un **demografico** specifico.
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social contract
[sostantivo]

an implicit agreement among citizens about collaboration in a way that benefits everyone in the society

contratto sociale

contratto sociale

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collective
[aggettivo]

involving, done, or shared by all members of a group

collettivo

collettivo

Ex: The board issued a collective statement in support of the new policy changes .Il consiglio ha emesso una dichiarazione **collettiva** a sostegno dei nuovi cambiamenti politici.
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microaggression
[sostantivo]

any remark, comment, act, or statement that consciously or unconsciously expresses prejudice or discrimination against a group or member of society

microaggressione

microaggressione

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ethnic
[aggettivo]

relating to a group of people with shared culture, tradition, history, language, etc.

etnico

etnico

Ex: Ethnic music and dance performances entertain audiences with their rhythmic beats and expressive movements.Gli spettacoli di musica e danza **etnica** intrattengono il pubblico con i loro ritmi coinvolgenti e movimenti espressivi.
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Caucasian
[aggettivo]

referring to people with light or white skin, typically of European origin

caucasico

caucasico

Ex: The Caucasian artist 's work often explores themes related to European culture and heritage .Il lavoro dell'artista **caucasico** spesso esplora temi legati alla cultura e al patrimonio europeo.
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gender binary
[sostantivo]

a method of gender classification that categorizes all people into either male or female

genere binario

genere binario

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masculinity
[sostantivo]

the qualities or attributes that are considered to be typical of or suitable for men

mascolinità

mascolinità

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femininity
[sostantivo]

the qualities or attributes that are considered to be typical of or suitable for women

femminilità

femminilità

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gender identity
[sostantivo]

a person's perception of their own gender, which may differ from the gender they were identified with at birth

identità di genere

identità di genere

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homosexual
[aggettivo]

(of a person) having a sexual or romantic attraction to people of the same gender

omosessuale

omosessuale

Ex: David stands in solidarity with the homosexual community , advocating for their right to live authentically and without fear of discrimination .David si schiera in solidarietà con la comunità **omosessuale**, sostenendo il loro diritto di vivere autenticamente e senza paura di discriminazioni.
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heterosexual
[aggettivo]

(of a person) having a sexual or romantic attraction to people of the opposite gender

eterosessuale

eterosessuale

Ex: Their heterosexual relationship was widely recognized in their community .La loro relazione **eterosessuale** era ampiamente riconosciuta nella loro comunità.
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bisexual
[aggettivo]

(of a person) having a sexual attraction to people of both their own gender and other genders

bisessuale

bisessuale

Ex: Jack learns about bisexuality through conversations with his bisexual sibling , deepening his understanding of diverse sexual orientations .Jack apprende la **bisessualità** attraverso conversazioni con il suo fratello o sorella bisessuale, approfondendo la sua comprensione delle diverse orientazioni sessuali.
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non-binary
[aggettivo]

related to someone whose gender identity does not fit in the traditional binary categories of male or female

non binario

non binario

Ex: David appreciated the honesty and authenticity of the non-binary community , which challenged societal norms and promoted acceptance of diverse gender identities .David ha apprezzato l'onestà e l'autenticità della comunità **non binaria**, che ha sfidato le norme sociali e promosso l'accettazione di diverse identità di genere.
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asexual
[aggettivo]

(of a person) having no sexual interests or not experiencing any sexual attraction

asessuato

asessuato

Ex: David stands in solidarity with the asexual community , advocating for greater awareness and acceptance of their identities and experiences .David si schiera in solidarietà con la comunità **asessuale**, sostenendo una maggiore consapevolezza e accettazione delle loro identità ed esperienze.
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cisgender
[aggettivo]

related to or describing a person whose sense of gender matches their biological sex

cisgender

cisgender

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transvestite
[sostantivo]

someone who enjoys wearing clothes that are usually worn by the opposite sex

travestito

travestito

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transgender
[aggettivo]

describing or relating to someone whose gender identity does not correspond with their birth sex

transgender

transgender

Ex: Mary respected her transgender neighbor's chosen name and pronouns, creating a welcoming and inclusive environment in their community.Mary ha rispettato il nome e i pronomi scelti dal suo vicino **transgender**, creando un ambiente accogliente e inclusivo nella loro comunità.
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transsexual
[aggettivo]

describing or relating to a transgender person, especially one whose bodily traits have been modified through a surgical operation or hormone therapy to align them with their gender identity

transessuale

transessuale

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gender-fluid
[aggettivo]

relating to someone whose gender identity is unstable and can change over time

genere-fluido

genere-fluido

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peer
[sostantivo]

a person of the same age, social status, or capability as another specified individual

pari, uguale

pari, uguale

Ex: Despite being new to the company , she quickly established herself as a peer to her colleagues through hard work and expertise .
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LGBTQ
[aggettivo]

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning

LGBTQ

LGBTQ

Ex: Education about LGBTQ issues in schools fosters a more inclusive environment and helps combat bullying and prejudice.L'educazione sulle questioni **LGBTQ** nelle scuole promuove un ambiente più inclusivo e aiuta a combattere il bullismo e i pregiudizi.
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intersex
[sostantivo]

the state of having the sex organs or other sexual features of both genders

intersesso

intersesso

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pansexual
[aggettivo]

related to a person who is sexually and emotionally attracted to people regardless of their gender or sex

pansessuale

pansessuale

Ex: Despite facing stigma and misunderstanding , the pansexual individual embraces their identity with pride and confidence , finding fulfillment in their ability to love people of all genders .Nonostante affronti stigma e incomprensioni, l'individuo **pansessuale** abbraccia la propria identità con orgoglio e fiducia, trovando appagamento nella propria capacità di amare persone di tutti i generi.
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