Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Society

Here you will learn some English words about society, such as "nobility", "civic", "ethnic", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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sociology [noun]

the scientific study of human society, its nature, structure, and development, as well as social behavior

Ex: Sociology explains why different societies have varying beliefs , values , and traditions .

anthropology [noun]

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

Ex: Anthropology is the study of human societies , cultures , and their development across time and space .

stratum [noun]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

Ex: The upper stratum of the city is known for its luxury homes .

upper class [noun]

a social group made up of people who hold the highest social position and are usually quite wealthy

middle class [noun]

the social class between the upper and lower classes that includes professional and business people

lower class [noun]

the social class consisting of people with the lowest position in society and the least money

old money [noun]

wealth that has been inherited and not earned

nobility [noun]

the class of people with the highest social or political ranks and titles

Ex: The nobility often held significant influence over political and social matters in medieval Europe .

bourgeoisie [noun]

the society's middle class

Ex: The bourgeoisie of the city enjoyed luxurious lifestyles and social status .

caste [noun]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

Ex:

supremacist [noun]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

Ex: The supremacist 's actions were condemned by community leaders .

overlord [noun]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

Ex: In ancient times , an overlord would command several lesser lords .

subordinate [noun]

an employee who is under the authority or control of another person

Ex: She treated her subordinates with respect and fairness .

multiculturalism [noun]

the belief that cultural diversity within a society should be respected

Ex: Multiculturalism encourages respect , tolerance , and understanding among people from different cultural backgrounds .

civic [adjective]

relating to the activities or duties of individuals concerning their town, city, or local area

Ex: Civic education teaches students about democratic principles , government structures , and the importance of active citizenship .

demographic [noun]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

Ex:

social contract [noun]

an implicit agreement among citizens about collaboration in a way that benefits everyone in the society

collective [adjective]

involving, done, or shared by all members of a group

Ex: The team 's collective effort led to the successful completion of the project ahead of schedule .

microaggression [noun]

any remark, comment, act, or statement that consciously or unconsciously expresses prejudice or discrimination against a group or member of society

ethnic [adjective]

relating to a group of people with shared culture, tradition, history, language, etc.

Ex: The museum 's exhibit showcases the art and artifacts of various ethnic communities .

Caucasian [adjective]

referring to people with light or white skin, typically of European origin

Ex: The Caucasian population in the region has been decreasing over the years .

gender binary [noun]

a method of gender classification that categorizes all people into either male or female

masculinity [noun]

the qualities or attributes that are considered to be typical of or suitable for men

femininity [noun]

the qualities or attributes that are considered to be typical of or suitable for women

gender identity [noun]

a person's perception of their own gender, which may differ from the gender they were identified with at birth

homosexual [adjective]

(of a person) having a sexual or romantic attraction to people of the same gender

Ex: Jack admires the courage and resilience of his homosexual neighbor , who openly embraces their true self despite facing discrimination and prejudice .

heterosexual [adjective]

(of a person) having a sexual or romantic attraction to people of the opposite gender

Ex: He felt comfortable in his heterosexual identity .

bisexual [adjective]

(of a person) having a sexual attraction to people of both their own gender and other genders

Ex: The bisexual person is attracted to both men and women .

non-binary [adjective]

related to someone whose gender identity does not fit in the traditional binary categories of male or female

Ex: Tim respected his non-binary sibling 's request to use gender-neutral language and pronouns , creating a supportive and affirming relationship .

asexual [adjective]

(of a person) having no sexual interests or not experiencing any sexual attraction

Ex: Tim respects his asexual coworker 's identity and supports their decision to prioritize personal fulfillment and happiness .

cisgender [adjective]

related to or describing a person whose sense of gender matches their biological sex

transvestite [noun]

someone who enjoys wearing clothes that are usually worn by the opposite sex

transgender [adjective]

describing or relating to someone whose gender identity does not correspond with their birth sex

Ex:

transsexual [adjective]

describing or relating to a transgender person, especially one whose bodily traits have been modified through a surgical operation or hormone therapy to align them with their gender identity

gender-fluid [adjective]

relating to someone whose gender identity is unstable and can change over time

peer [noun]

a person of the same age, social status, or capability as another specified individual

Ex: The summer camp aimed to create a supportive environment where children could interact with peers and develop social skills .

LGBTQ [adjective]

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning

Ex: Many organizations offer resources and support for LGBTQ youth , helping them navigate challenges related to their sexual orientation and gender identity .

intersex [noun]

the state of having the sex organs or other sexual features of both genders

pansexual [adjective]

related to a person who is sexually and emotionally attracted to people regardless of their gender or sex

Ex: Emily supports her pansexual partner by creating a loving and inclusive environment where they can freely express their identity .

Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL
Human Anatomy	Biology	Engineering and Electronics	Architecture
Mathematics and Measurement	The Computer World	Physics and Chemistry	Experimentation
Time and Space	History	Physical Appearance	The Fashion World
Language and Grammar	Communication	Transportation	Art
Literature and Writing	The Entertainment Industry	News and Journalism	Education
Feelings and Emotions	Advice and Decision	Personal Characteristics	Shapes
The Animal Kingdom	Food and Restaurant	Healthcare and Medicine	Physical Conditions and Injuries
Mental Health and Disorders	Politics	Religion	Hatred or Affection
The Law	Doubt and Certainty	Crime and Punishment	Society
Social Problems	Argumentation	Persuasion and Agreement	Preference, Obligation, and Permission
Sports	Shopping	Money and Business	Professional Life and Occupations
Natural Phenomena and Environment	Farming and Vegetation	I Think, Therefore I Am!