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TOEFL için Gelişmiş Kelime Bilgisi - Toplum

Burada, TOEFL sınavı için gerekli olan "asillik", "sivil", "etnik" vb. gibi toplumla ilgili bazı İngilizce kelimeler öğreneceksiniz.

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Öğrenmeye başla
Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
sociology
sociology
[isim]

the scientific study of human society, its nature, structure, and development, as well as social behavior

sosyoloji

sosyoloji

Ex: She decided to study sociology because she was interested in how culture influences people's behaviors. 
anthropology

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

insanbilim, antropolji

insanbilim, antropolji

Ex: Sarah decided to major in anthropology to study the diverse cultures and societies around the world. 
stratum
stratum
[isim]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

sosyal tabaka

sosyal tabaka

Ex: The study focused on the middle-income stratum of society. 
upper class

a social group made up of people who hold the highest social position and are usually quite wealthy

zenginler sınıfı

zenginler sınıfı

Ex: The upper class often owns large estates and businesses. 
middle class

the social class between the upper and lower classes that includes professional and business people

orta sınıf

orta sınıf

Ex: Many middle-class families own their homes. 
lower class

the social class consisting of people with the lowest position in society and the least money

alt sınıf

alt sınıf

Ex: Many families in the lower class face financial difficulties. 
old money
old money
[isim]

wealth that has been inherited and not earned

aileden miras kalan para

aileden miras kalan para

nobility
nobility
[isim]

the class of people with the highest social or political ranks and titles

aristokrasi

aristokrasi

Ex: The king granted lands and titles to the nobility in recognition of their loyalty. 
bourgeoisie

the society's middle class

burjuvazi

burjuvazi

Ex: The bourgeoisie in the 19th century played a significant role in shaping economic and social structures. 
caste
caste
[isim]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

sınıf ayrımı

sınıf ayrımı

Ex: The caste system in India historically divided society into hierarchical groups based on birth, occupation, and social status. 
supremacist

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

üstünlük yanlısı

üstünlük yanlısı

Ex: Authorities arrested a supremacist who was spreading hate speech online. 
overlord
overlord
[isim]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

amir

amir

Ex: The medieval lord acted as an overlord over the neighboring villages. 
subordinate

an employee who is under the authority or control of another person

alt

alt

Ex: The manager delegated tasks to his subordinates. 
multiculturalism

the belief that cultural diversity within a society should be respected

çok kültürlülük

çok kültürlülük

Ex: Multiculturalism celebrates the richness of cultural diversity and recognizes the contributions of different ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups to society. 
civic
civic
[sıfat]

relating to the activities or duties of individuals concerning their town, city, or local area

şehre ait, yurttaşlıkla ilgili

şehre ait, yurttaşlıkla ilgili

Ex: Civic engagement involves actively participating in community activities or political affairs to promote social justice and change. 
demographic

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografik

demografik

Ex: The new marketing strategy aims to target a younger demographic. 
social contract

an implicit agreement among citizens about collaboration in a way that benefits everyone in the society

toplumsal sözleşme

toplumsal sözleşme

collective
collective
[sıfat]

involving, done, or shared by all members of a group

ortak, toplu

ortak, toplu

Ex: The collective efforts of the volunteers resulted in a successful charity event. 
microaggression

any remark, comment, act, or statement that consciously or unconsciously expresses prejudice or discrimination against a group or member of society

mikro saldırganlık

mikro saldırganlık

ethnic
ethnic
[sıfat]

relating to a group of people with shared culture, tradition, history, language, etc.

ırksal

ırksal

Ex: The neighborhood celebrates its diverse ethnic heritage with cultural festivals and events. 
Caucasian
Caucasian
[sıfat]

referring to people with light or white skin, typically of European origin

Kafkaslı

Kafkaslı

Ex: The study included participants of various Caucasian backgrounds to ensure diversity. 
gender binary

a method of gender classification that categorizes all people into either male or female

ikili cinsiyet

ikili cinsiyet

masculinity

the qualities or attributes that are considered to be typical of or suitable for men

erkeklik

erkeklik

femininity

the qualities or attributes that are considered to be typical of or suitable for women

kadınlık

kadınlık

gender identity

a person's internal sense of being male, female, both, neither, or another gender

cinsiyet kimliği

cinsiyet kimliği

Ex: She is confident in her gender identity. 
homosexual
homosexual
[sıfat]

(of a person) having a sexual or romantic attraction to people of the same gender

eşcinse

eşcinse

Ex: The homosexual couple held hands as they walked through the park, openly expressing their love for each other. 
heterosexual
heterosexual
[sıfat]

(of a person) having a sexual or romantic attraction to people of the opposite gender

aynı cinse ilgi duyan

aynı cinse ilgi duyan

Ex: She identified as heterosexual and was attracted to men. 
bisexual
bisexual
[sıfat]

(of a person) having a sexual attraction to people of both their own gender and other genders

biseksüel

biseksüel

Ex: Sarah's friend proudly identifies as bisexual, finding beauty in a diverse range of genders. 
non-binary
non-binary
[sıfat]

related to someone whose gender identity does not fit in the traditional binary categories of male or female

non-binary

non-binary

Ex: The non-binary person prefers to use they/them pronouns and does not conform to traditional gender norms. 
asexual
asexual
[sıfat]

(of a person) having no sexual interests or not experiencing any sexual attraction

cinselliğe ilgi duymayan

cinselliğe ilgi duymayan

Ex: The asexual person values emotional connections and platonic relationships over romantic or sexual ones. 
cisgender
cisgender
[sıfat]

related to or describing a person whose sense of gender matches their biological sex

cisseksüel

cisseksüel

Ex: She is cisgender, identifying as the female she was assigned at birth. 
transvestite

someone who enjoys wearing clothes that are usually worn by the opposite sex

karşı cinsin elbiselerini giymeyi seven erkek

karşı cinsin elbiselerini giymeyi seven erkek

transgender
transgender
[sıfat]

describing or relating to someone whose gender identity does not correspond with their birth sex

transseksüel

transseksüel

Ex: The transgender woman bravely shared her journey of self-discovery and transition with her friends and family. 
transsexual
transsexual
[sıfat]

describing or relating to a transgender person, especially one whose bodily traits have been modified through a surgical operation or hormone therapy to align them with their gender identity

transseksüel

transseksüel

gender-fluid
gender-fluid
[sıfat]

relating to someone whose gender identity is unstable and can change over time

cinsel yönelim ve biyolojik cinsiyetten bağımsız

cinsel yönelim ve biyolojik cinsiyetten bağımsız

peer
peer
[isim]

a person of the same age, social status, or capability as another specified individual

yaşıt, akran

yaşıt, akran

Ex: In high school, he struggled to find peers who shared his passion for classical literature. 
LGBTQ
LGBTQ
[sıfat]

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning

LGBTQ

LGBTQ

Ex: The LGBTQ community advocates for the rights and acceptance of individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning. 
intersex
intersex
[isim]

the state of having the sex organs or other sexual features of both genders

interseks

interseks

pansexual
pansexual
[sıfat]

related to a person who is sexually and emotionally attracted to people regardless of their gender or sex

panseksüel

panseksüel

Ex: The pansexual person is attracted to individuals based on personal connection rather than gender. 
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