Zaawansowane Słownictwo do TOEFL - Society

the scientific study of human society, its nature, structure, and development, as well as social behavior

socjologia

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

antropologia, nauka o człowieku

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

warstwa, warstwa społeczna

a social group made up of people who hold the highest social position and are usually quite wealthy

wyższa klasa, klasa wyższa

the social class between the upper and lower classes that includes professional and business people

klasa średnia

the social class consisting of people with the lowest position in society and the least money

klasa niższa, klasa robotnicza

wealth that has been inherited and not earned

stare pieniądze, dziedzictwo majątkowe

the class of people with the highest social or political ranks and titles

szlachta

the society's middle class

burżuazja, klasa średnia

a form of social classification in Hinduism, characterized by social status and relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution

kast, klasa

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

supremacjonista

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

władca, pan

someone with an inferior position than another person within an organization

podwładny, podwładna

the belief that cultural diversity within a society should be respected

multikulturalizm, różnorodność kulturowa

relating to the activities or duties of individuals concerning their town, city, or local area

obywatelski, miejscowy

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demograficzny, grupa demograficzna

an implicit agreement among citizens about collaboration in a way that benefits everyone in the society

kontrakt społeczny, umowa społeczna

involving, done, or shared by all members of a group

kolektywny, zbiorowy

any remark, comment, act, or statement that consciously or unconsciously expresses prejudice or discrimination against a group or member of society

mikroagresja, mikroagresja

relating to a group of people with shared culture, tradition, history, language, etc.

etniczny, dotyczący grupy etnicznej

referring to people with light or white skin, typically of European origin

kaukaski, europejski

a method of gender classification that categorizes all people into either male or female

binarność płci, binarność genderowa

the qualities or attributes that are considered to be typical of or suitable for men

męskość, męskość

the qualities or attributes that are considered to be typical of or suitable for women

kobiecość, femininność

a person's perception of their own gender, which may differ from the gender they were identified with at birth

tożsamość płciowa, postrzeganie płci

(of a person) having a sexual or romantic attraction to people of the same gender

homoseksualny, homoseksualny

(of a person) having a sexual or romantic attraction to people of the opposite gender

heteroseksualny, heteroseksualny

(of a person) having a sexual attraction to people of both their own gender and other genders

biseksualny, biseksualna

related to someone whose gender identity does not fit in the traditional binary categories of male or female

niebinarne, nie-binarne

(of a person) having no sexual interests or not experiencing any sexual attraction

aseksualny, aseksualna

related to or describing a person whose sense of gender matches their biological sex

cisgendery, cis-płciowy

someone who enjoys wearing clothes that are usually worn by the opposite sex

transwestyta, transwestytka

describing or relating to someone whose gender identity does not correspond with their birth sex

transpłciowy, transpłciowy (przymiotnik)

describing or relating to a transgender person, especially one whose bodily traits have been modified through a surgical operation or hormone therapy to align them with their gender identity

transseksualny, transseksualna

relating to someone whose gender identity is unstable and can change over time

gender-fluid, niedwuznaczny

a person of the same age, social status, or capability as another specified individual

rówieśnik, partner

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning

LGBTQ, społeczność LGBTQ

the state of having the sex organs or other sexual features of both genders

interseks, interseksualizm

related to a person who is sexually and emotionally attracted to people regardless of their gender or sex

panseksualny, panseksualna