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Kosakata Lanjutan untuk TOEFL - Society

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata bahasa Inggris tentang masyarakat, seperti "bangsawan", "sipil", "etnis", dll. yang dibutuhkan untuk ujian TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
sociology
[Kata benda]

the scientific study of human society, its nature, structure, and development, as well as social behavior

sosiologi, studi ilmiah tentang masyarakat manusia

sosiologi, studi ilmiah tentang masyarakat manusia

Ex: The study of sociology can help one understand why some social issues persist over time .Studi tentang **sosiologi** dapat membantu memahami mengapa beberapa masalah sosial bertahan dari waktu ke waktu.
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anthropology
[Kata benda]

the study of the origins and developments of the human race and its societies and cultures

antropologi

antropologi

Ex: Biological anthropology explores human evolution , genetics , and physical adaptations through the study of fossils , primates , and modern human populations .**Antropologi** biologis mengeksplorasi evolusi manusia, genetika, dan adaptasi fisik melalui studi fosil, primata, dan populasi manusia modern.
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stratum
[Kata benda]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

lapisan, strata

lapisan, strata

Ex: The political party gained support from the working-class stratum.Partai politik itu mendapatkan dukungan dari **lapisan** kelas pekerja.
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upper class
[Kata benda]

a social group made up of people who hold the highest social position and are usually quite wealthy

kelas atas, golongan elite

kelas atas, golongan elite

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middle class
[Kata benda]

the social class between the upper and lower classes that includes professional and business people

kelas menengah, borjuasi

kelas menengah, borjuasi

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lower class
[Kata benda]

the social class consisting of people with the lowest position in society and the least money

kelas bawah, kelas rendah

kelas bawah, kelas rendah

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old money
[Kata benda]

wealth that has been inherited and not earned

uang lama, uang warisan

uang lama, uang warisan

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nobility
[Kata benda]

the class of people with the highest social or political ranks and titles

bangsawan, aristokrasi

bangsawan, aristokrasi

Ex: The opulent ball was attended by the nobility, showcasing their wealth and status .Pesta dansa yang mewah itu dihadiri oleh **bangsawan**, memamerkan kekayaan dan status mereka.
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bourgeoisie
[Kata benda]

the society's middle class

borjuis

borjuis

Ex: The revolutionaries aimed to overthrow the bourgeoisie and establish a more equitable society .Para revolusioner bertujuan untuk menggulingkan **borjuasi** dan mendirikan masyarakat yang lebih adil.
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caste
[Kata benda]

a form of social classification in Hinduism, characterized by social status and relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution

kasta, sistem kasta

kasta, sistem kasta

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supremacist
[Kata benda]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

supremasis, penganut supremasi

supremasis, penganut supremasi

Ex: The supremacist's rhetoric fueled division and conflict in the community .Retorika **supremasis** memicu perpecahan dan konflik di masyarakat.
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overlord
[Kata benda]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

penguasa tertinggi, tuan besar

penguasa tertinggi, tuan besar

Ex: During the empire , the emperor was considered the ultimate overlord.Selama kekaisaran, kaisar dianggap sebagai **penguasa tertinggi** yang mutlak.
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subordinate
[Kata benda]

someone with an inferior position than another person within an organization

bawahan,  inferior

bawahan, inferior

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multiculturalism
[Kata benda]

the belief that cultural diversity within a society should be respected

multikulturalisme

multikulturalisme

Ex: Multiculturalism is an ongoing process that requires active engagement and dialogue among individuals and communities to build a more inclusive and harmonious society .**Multikulturalisme** adalah proses berkelanjutan yang membutuhkan keterlibatan aktif dan dialog antara individu dan komunitas untuk membangun masyarakat yang lebih inklusif dan harmonis.
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civic
[Adjektiva]

relating to the activities or duties of individuals concerning their town, city, or local area

sipil, kota

sipil, kota

Ex: Civic duty calls upon individuals to contribute positively to society by respecting laws, promoting tolerance, and supporting the common good.**Kewajiban sipil** menyerukan individu untuk berkontribusi positif kepada masyarakat dengan menghormati hukum, mempromosikan toleransi, dan mendukung kebaikan bersama.
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demographic
[Kata benda]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografis, karakteristik demografis

demografis, karakteristik demografis

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a specific demographic.Perusahaan sering menyesuaikan produk mereka untuk menarik **demografis** tertentu.
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social contract
[Kata benda]

an implicit agreement among citizens about collaboration in a way that benefits everyone in the society

kontrak sosial, perjanjian sosial

kontrak sosial, perjanjian sosial

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collective
[Adjektiva]

involving, done, or shared by all members of a group

kolektif, komunal

kolektif, komunal

Ex: The board issued a collective statement in support of the new policy changes .Dewan mengeluarkan pernyataan **kolektif** untuk mendukung perubahan kebijakan baru.
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microaggression
[Kata benda]

any remark, comment, act, or statement that consciously or unconsciously expresses prejudice or discrimination against a group or member of society

mikroagresi, mikro-agresi

mikroagresi, mikro-agresi

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ethnic
[Adjektiva]

relating to a group of people with shared culture, tradition, history, language, etc.

etnis

etnis

Ex: Ethnic music and dance performances entertain audiences with their rhythmic beats and expressive movements.Pertunjukan musik dan tari **etnis** menghibur penonton dengan ketukan ritmis dan gerakan ekspresif mereka.
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Caucasian
[Adjektiva]

referring to people with light or white skin, typically of European origin

Kaukasia,  putih

Kaukasia, putih

Ex: The Caucasian artist 's work often explores themes related to European culture and heritage .Karya seniman **Kaukasia** sering mengeksplorasi tema-tema yang terkait dengan budaya dan warisan Eropa.
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gender binary
[Kata benda]

a method of gender classification that categorizes all people into either male or female

biner gender, sistem biner gender

biner gender, sistem biner gender

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masculinity
[Kata benda]

the qualities or attributes that are considered to be typical of or suitable for men

maskulinitas

maskulinitas

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femininity
[Kata benda]

the qualities or attributes that are considered to be typical of or suitable for women

kewanitaan, sifat-sifat wanita

kewanitaan, sifat-sifat wanita

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gender identity
[Kata benda]

a person's perception of their own gender, which may differ from the gender they were identified with at birth

identitas gender

identitas gender

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homosexual
[Adjektiva]

(of a person) having a sexual or romantic attraction to people of the same gender

homoseksual

homoseksual

Ex: David stands in solidarity with the homosexual community , advocating for their right to live authentically and without fear of discrimination .David berdiri dalam solidaritas dengan komunitas **homoseksual**, memperjuangkan hak mereka untuk hidup secara autentik dan tanpa takut diskriminasi.
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heterosexual
[Adjektiva]

(of a person) having a sexual or romantic attraction to people of the opposite gender

heteroseksual, lurus

heteroseksual, lurus

Ex: Their heterosexual relationship was widely recognized in their community .Hubungan **heteroseksual** mereka diakui secara luas di komunitas mereka.
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bisexual
[Adjektiva]

(of a person) having a sexual attraction to people of both their own gender and other genders

biseksual

biseksual

Ex: Jack learns about bisexuality through conversations with his bisexual sibling , deepening his understanding of diverse sexual orientations .Jack belajar tentang **biseksualitas** melalui percakapan dengan saudara biseksualnya, memperdalam pemahamannya tentang berbagai orientasi seksual.
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non-binary
[Adjektiva]

related to someone whose gender identity does not fit in the traditional binary categories of male or female

non-biner

non-biner

Ex: David appreciated the honesty and authenticity of the non-binary community , which challenged societal norms and promoted acceptance of diverse gender identities .David menghargai kejujuran dan keaslian komunitas **non-biner**, yang menantang norma sosial dan mempromosikan penerimaan terhadap identitas gender yang beragam.
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asexual
[Adjektiva]

(of a person) having no sexual interests or not experiencing any sexual attraction

aseksual

aseksual

Ex: David stands in solidarity with the asexual community , advocating for greater awareness and acceptance of their identities and experiences .David berdiri dalam solidaritas dengan komunitas **aseksual**, mengadvokasi kesadaran dan penerimaan yang lebih besar terhadap identitas dan pengalaman mereka.
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cisgender
[Adjektiva]

related to or describing a person whose sense of gender matches their biological sex

cisgender, sesuai jenis kelamin biologis

cisgender, sesuai jenis kelamin biologis

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transvestite
[Kata benda]

someone who enjoys wearing clothes that are usually worn by the opposite sex

transvestite, orang yang menikmati memakai pakaian yang biasanya dipakai oleh lawan jenis

transvestite, orang yang menikmati memakai pakaian yang biasanya dipakai oleh lawan jenis

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transgender
[Adjektiva]

describing or relating to someone whose gender identity does not correspond with their birth sex

transgender, transeksual

transgender, transeksual

Ex: Mary respected her transgender neighbor's chosen name and pronouns, creating a welcoming and inclusive environment in their community.Mary menghormati nama dan kata ganti yang dipilih oleh tetangganya yang **transgender**, menciptakan lingkungan yang ramah dan inklusif di komunitas mereka.
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transsexual
[Adjektiva]

describing or relating to a transgender person, especially one whose bodily traits have been modified through a surgical operation or hormone therapy to align them with their gender identity

transseksual, transgender

transseksual, transgender

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gender-fluid
[Adjektiva]

relating to someone whose gender identity is unstable and can change over time

gender-fluid, cairan gender

gender-fluid, cairan gender

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peer
[Kata benda]

a person of the same age, social status, or capability as another specified individual

sebaya, setara

sebaya, setara

Ex: Despite being new to the company , she quickly established herself as a peer to her colleagues through hard work and expertise .
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LGBTQ
[Adjektiva]

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning

LGBTQ, lesbian

LGBTQ, lesbian

Ex: Education about LGBTQ issues in schools fosters a more inclusive environment and helps combat bullying and prejudice.Pendidikan tentang isu **LGBTQ** di sekolah mendorong lingkungan yang lebih inklusif dan membantu memerangi perundungan dan prasangka.
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intersex
[Kata benda]

the state of having the sex organs or other sexual features of both genders

interseks, hermafroditisme

interseks, hermafroditisme

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pansexual
[Adjektiva]

related to a person who is sexually and emotionally attracted to people regardless of their gender or sex

panseksual, panseksual

panseksual, panseksual

Ex: Despite facing stigma and misunderstanding , the pansexual individual embraces their identity with pride and confidence , finding fulfillment in their ability to love people of all genders .Meskipun menghadapi stigma dan kesalahpahaman, individu **panseksual** menerima identitas mereka dengan bangga dan percaya diri, menemukan kepuasan dalam kemampuan mereka untuk mencintai orang dari semua gender.
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