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Bokabularyo para sa IELTS (Akademiko) - Politics

Dito matututo ka ng ilang salitang Ingles tungkol sa pulitika, tulad ng "kongreso", "pederal", "balota", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit sa IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
affair
[Pangngalan]

an event that concerns the public or is of political importance

pangyayari, usapin

pangyayari, usapin

bill
[Pangngalan]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

panukalang batas, mungkahing batas

panukalang batas, mungkahing batas

Ex: The bill was delayed in the legislative process due to disagreements among committee members .Naantala ang **panukalang batas** sa prosesong lehislatibo dahil sa mga hindi pagkakasundo ng mga miyembro ng komite.
congress
[Pangngalan]

(in some countries) the group of people who have been elected to make laws, which in the US it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate

kongreso, lehislatibong kapulungan

kongreso, lehislatibong kapulungan

conservative
[Pangngalan]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

konserbatibo, tradisyonalista

konserbatibo, tradisyonalista

Ex: Many conservative MPs voiced their concerns over the proposed tax reforms.Maraming **konserbatibong** MPs ang nagpahayag ng kanilang mga alalahanin sa mga iminungkahing reporma sa buwis.
council
[Pangngalan]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

sanggunian, konseho

sanggunian, konseho

Ex: The council proposed new environmental regulations .Ang **konseho** ay nagmungkahi ng mga bagong regulasyon sa kapaligiran.
to debate
[Pandiwa]

to formally discuss a matter, usually in a structured setting

makipagdebate, talakayin

makipagdebate, talakayin

Ex: Politicians debated the proposed healthcare reform bill on the floor of the parliament .**Tinalakay** ng mga pulitiko ang panukalang batas sa reporma sa pangangalagang pangkalusugan sa sahig ng parlyamento.
democracy
[Pangngalan]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

demokrasya

demokrasya

Ex: In a democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .Sa isang **demokrasya**, ang hudikatura ay malaya mula sa ehekutibo at lehislatibong sangay.
to elect
[Pandiwa]

to choose a person for a specific job, particularly a political one, by voting

ihalal, pumili sa pamamagitan ng pagboto

ihalal, pumili sa pamamagitan ng pagboto

Ex: The citizens of the country are electing new leaders who will shape the future .Ang mga mamamayan ng bansa ay **humahalal** ng mga bagong lider na maghuhubog sa hinaharap.
federal
[pang-uri]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

pederal, nasyonal

pederal, nasyonal

Ex: The federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .Ang badyet **pederal** ay naglalaan ng pondo para sa mga pambansang priyoridad, kasama ang imprastraktura at mga serbisyong panlipunan.
to govern
[Pandiwa]

to regulate or control a person, course of action or event or the way something happens

regulahin, kontrolin

regulahin, kontrolin

Ex: The laws of physics govern the way objects move in the universe .Ang mga batas ng pisika ang **naghahari** sa paraan ng paggalaw ng mga bagay sa sansinukob.
activist
[Pangngalan]

a person who tries to bring about political or social change, especially someone who supports strong actions such as protests, etc.

aktibista, militante

aktibista, militante

Ex: He became an animal rights activist after witnessing the poor treatment of animals in factory farms .Naging **aktibista** siya para sa karapatan ng mga hayop matapos masaksihan ang masamang pagtrato sa mga hayop sa mga factory farm.
absolutism
[Pangngalan]

the belief in a political theory that stands for giving the total power to a single person or government at all times

absolutismo, ganap na monarkiya

absolutismo, ganap na monarkiya

Ex: Absolutism often involves the suppression of political opposition and the centralization of authority , contrasting sharply with the principles of constitutionalism and checks and balances .Ang **absolutismo** ay madalas na nagsasangkot ng pagsugpo sa pampulitikang oposisyon at sentralisasyon ng awtoridad, na malinaw na sumasalungat sa mga prinsipyo ng konstitusyonalismo at mga tseke at balanse.
alliance
[Pangngalan]

an association between countries, organizations, political parties, etc. in order to achieve common interests

alyansa

alyansa

Ex: Cultural alliances between universities foster academic exchange and collaboration in research .Ang mga **alyansa** pangkultura sa pagitan ng mga unibersidad ay nagtataguyod ng akademikong palitan at pakikipagtulungan sa pananaliksik.
ambassador
[Pangngalan]

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

embahador, sugo

embahador, sugo

Ex: The newly appointed ambassador is expected to arrive at the foreign capital next month to assume his duties .Inaasahang darating ang bagong hinirang na **embahador** sa kabisera ng banyagang bansa sa susunod na buwan upang asamin ang kanyang mga tungkulin.
assembly
[Pangngalan]

the act of gathering together to achieve a common goal

asamblea,  pagtitipon

asamblea, pagtitipon

autonomy
[Pangngalan]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

awtonomiya

awtonomiya

Ex: After gaining autonomy, the country established its own laws and governance structures .Pagkatapos makuha ang **awtonomiya**, itinatag ng bansa ang sarili nitong mga batas at istruktura ng pamamahala.
ballot
[Pangngalan]

a piece of paper on which a vote is written

balota, boto

balota, boto

Ex: The ballot was designed to be simple and clear to help voters make informed decisions .Ang **balota** ay dinisenyo upang maging simple at malinaw upang matulungan ang mga botante na gumawa ng mga desisyong may kaalaman.
bilateral
[pang-uri]

concerning two groups or countries

bilateral

bilateral

Ex: A bilateral agreement was reached on environmental protection .Isang **bilateral** na kasunduan ang naabot sa proteksyon sa kapaligiran.
balance of power
[Pangngalan]

the situation in which a group of countries have enough military or political power to prevent a country from controlling other countries

balanse ng kapangyarihan, timbang ng lakas

balanse ng kapangyarihan, timbang ng lakas

bureau
[Pangngalan]

a specific section within a government department which is responsible for specific tasks, functions, etc.

kawanihan

kawanihan

Ex: The education bureau focuses on developing curriculum standards and ensuring the quality of education in schools across the region .Ang **bureau** ng edukasyon ay nakatuon sa pagbuo ng mga pamantayan sa kurikulum at pagtitiyak ng kalidad ng edukasyon sa mga paaralan sa buong rehiyon.
candidacy
[Pangngalan]

the fact or condition of being a candidate in an election

kandidatura

kandidatura

capitalism
[Pangngalan]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

kapitalismo, sistemang kapitalista

kapitalismo, sistemang kapitalista

Ex: The collapse of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe marked a shift towards capitalism in those countries .Ang pagbagsak ng mga rehimeng sosyalista sa Silangang Europa ay nagmarka ng paglipat patungo sa **kapitalismo** sa mga bansang iyon.
diplomacy
[Pangngalan]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

diplomasya

diplomasya

Ex: His sharp diplomacy secured a vital trade agreement for his country .
constitution
[Pangngalan]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

saligang batas

saligang batas

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .Ang **konstitusyon** ng South Africa, na pinagtibay noong 1996, ay nagtataguyod ng mga prinsipyo ng pagkakapantay-pantay at dignidad ng tao bilang pangunahing halaga ng bansa.
European Union
[Pangngalan]

a union of 27 European states that is formed to strengthen the economic and political bonds between its members

Unyong Europeo

Unyong Europeo

Ex: Many countries apply for membership in the European Union to improve trade relations .Maraming bansa ang nag-aapply para sa membership sa **European Union** upang mapabuti ang mga relasyon sa kalakalan.
fanatic
[Pangngalan]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

panatiko, radikal

panatiko, radikal

Ex: The group was led by a fanatic who believed strongly in his radical ideology .Ang grupo ay pinamunuan ng isang **panatiko** na matibay na naniniwala sa kanyang radikal na ideolohiya.
ideological
[pang-uri]

based on or relating to a specific set of political or economic views or policies

ideolohikal

ideolohikal

Ex: The ideological shift towards free-market capitalism led to changes in economic policy .Ang **ideolohikal** na pagbabago patungo sa libreng merkado kapitalismo ay nagdulot ng mga pagbabago sa patakaran sa ekonomiya.
independence
[Pangngalan]

the state of being free from the control of others

kalayaan, awtonomiya

kalayaan, awtonomiya

Ex: Many people strive for independence in their careers , seeking self-sufficiency .Maraming tao ang nagsisikap para sa **kalayaan** sa kanilang mga karera, naghahanap ng sariling kakayahan.
internationally
[pang-abay]

in a way that relates to multiple nations or the entire world

internasyonal, sa antas internasyonal

internasyonal, sa antas internasyonal

Ex: The film premiered internationally, showcasing cultural diversity .Ang pelikula ay ipinremyer **internasyonal**, na nagpapakita ng pagkakaiba-iba ng kultura.
globalism
[Pangngalan]

a belief in which the actions of one country affect all other countries in the world and that economic policy is built on benefiting the whole world not an individual country

globalismo, pananaw pandaigdig

globalismo, pananaw pandaigdig

Ex: Globalism challenges traditional notions of sovereignty , as multinational organizations and agreements often influence national policies .Ang **globalismo** ay humahamon sa tradisyonal na mga paniwala ng soberanya, dahil ang mga multinasyonal na organisasyon at kasunduan ay madalas na nakakaimpluwensya sa mga pambansang patakaran.
upper middle class
[Pangngalan]

a social class that its members have a high socioeconomic status and are between the middle and upper classes

mataas na gitnang uri, mataas na burgesya

mataas na gitnang uri, mataas na burgesya

quota system
[Pangngalan]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

sistema ng quota, pamantayan ng quota

sistema ng quota, pamantayan ng quota

Ex: The quota system ensures that immigration levels remain manageable .Ang **quota system** ay nagsisiguro na ang mga antas ng imigrasyon ay nananatiling mapamahalaan.
refoulement
[Pangngalan]

the illegal practice of forcing the asylum seekers or the refugees to return to the country where they are at risk of prosecution

pagpapaalis

pagpapaalis

Ex: The refugee camp provided a safe haven for those fleeing persecution , ensuring that they were protected from refoulement and given the opportunity to seek asylum .Ang kampo ng mga refugee ay nagbigay ng ligtas na kanlungan para sa mga tumatakas sa pag-uusig, tinitiyak na sila'y protektado mula sa **refoulement** at binigyan ng pagkakataong humingi ng asylum.
anarchy
[Pangngalan]

the state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control

anarkiya, kaguluhan

anarkiya, kaguluhan

Ex: The sudden resignation of all leaders resulted in anarchy within the organization .Ang biglaang pagbibitiw ng lahat ng mga lider ay nagresulta sa **anarkiya** sa loob ng organisasyon.

a session that each US Senate committee holds in order to determine whether a candidate should be confirmed or rejected for a high federal office

pagdinig ng kumpirmasyon, pagdinig para sa kumpirmasyon

pagdinig ng kumpirmasyon, pagdinig para sa kumpirmasyon

Bokabularyo para sa IELTS (Akademiko)
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