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IELTS のための語彙 (アカデミック) - Politics

ここでは、IELTS試験に必要な「議会」、「連邦」、「投票用紙」などの政治に関する英語の単語を学びます。

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Words for Academic IELTS
affair
[名詞]

an event that concerns the public or is of political importance

事件, 出来事

事件, 出来事

bill
[名詞]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

法案, 法律提案

法案, 法律提案

Ex: The bill was delayed in the legislative process due to disagreements among committee members .委員会メンバー間の意見の相違により、**法案**は立法プロセスで遅れました。
congress
[名詞]

(in some countries) the group of people who have been elected to make laws, which in the US it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate

議会, 立法府

議会, 立法府

conservative
[名詞]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

保守派, 伝統主義者

保守派, 伝統主義者

Ex: Many conservative MPs voiced their concerns over the proposed tax reforms.多くの**保守的**な国会議員が、提案された税制改革について懸念を表明した。
council
[名詞]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

議会, 評議会

議会, 評議会

Ex: The council proposed new environmental regulations .**評議会**は新しい環境規制を提案しました。
to debate
[動詞]

to formally discuss a matter, usually in a structured setting

討論する, 議論する

討論する, 議論する

Ex: Politicians debated the proposed healthcare reform bill on the floor of the parliament .政治家たちは議会で提案された医療改革法案について**議論**した。
democracy
[名詞]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

民主主義

民主主義

Ex: In a democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .**民主主義**では、司法は行政および立法部門から独立しています。
to elect
[動詞]

to choose a person for a specific job, particularly a political one, by voting

選出する, 投票で選ぶ

選出する, 投票で選ぶ

Ex: The citizens of the country are electing new leaders who will shape the future .その国の市民は、未来を形作る新しいリーダーを**選んでいます**。
federal
[形容詞]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

連邦の, 中央の

連邦の, 中央の

Ex: The federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .**連邦**予算は、インフラや社会サービスを含む国家的優先事項に資金を割り当てます。
to govern
[動詞]

to regulate or control a person, course of action or event or the way something happens

規制する, 制御する

規制する, 制御する

Ex: The laws of physics govern the way objects move in the universe .物理法則は、宇宙における物体の動きを**支配**しています。
activist
[名詞]

a person who tries to bring about political or social change, especially someone who supports strong actions such as protests, etc.

活動家, 活動主義者

活動家, 活動主義者

Ex: He became an animal rights activist after witnessing the poor treatment of animals in factory farms .工場式農場での動物たちへのひどい扱いを目撃した後、彼は動物の権利の**活動家**になりました。
absolutism
[名詞]

the belief in a political theory that stands for giving the total power to a single person or government at all times

絶対主義, 絶対君主制

絶対主義, 絶対君主制

Ex: Absolutism often involves the suppression of political opposition and the centralization of authority , contrasting sharply with the principles of constitutionalism and checks and balances .**絶対主義**はしばしば政治的反対派の弾圧と権力の集中を伴い、立憲主義と抑制と均衡の原則とは鋭く対照的です。
alliance
[名詞]

an association between countries, organizations, political parties, etc. in order to achieve common interests

同盟

同盟

Ex: Cultural alliances between universities foster academic exchange and collaboration in research .大学間の文化的**同盟**は、学術交流と研究における協力を促進します。
ambassador
[名詞]

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

大使, 使節

大使, 使節

Ex: The newly appointed ambassador is expected to arrive at the foreign capital next month to assume his duties .新たに任命された**大使**は、来月外国の首都に到着し、職務を開始すると予想されています。
assembly
[名詞]

the act of gathering together to achieve a common goal

集会,  会議

集会, 会議

autonomy
[名詞]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

自治

自治

Ex: After gaining autonomy, the country established its own laws and governance structures .**自治権**を獲得した後、その国は独自の法律と統治構造を確立しました。
ballot
[名詞]

a piece of paper on which a vote is written

投票用紙, 票

投票用紙, 票

Ex: The ballot was designed to be simple and clear to help voters make informed decisions .**投票用紙**は、有権者が情報に基づいた決定を下せるように、シンプルでわかりやすいように設計されました。
bilateral
[形容詞]

concerning two groups or countries

二国間の

二国間の

Ex: A bilateral agreement was reached on environmental protection .環境保護に関する**二国間**合意が成立しました。

the situation in which a group of countries have enough military or political power to prevent a country from controlling other countries

勢力均衡, 力の均衡

勢力均衡, 力の均衡

bureau
[名詞]

a specific section within a government department which is responsible for specific tasks, functions, etc.

局

Ex: The education bureau focuses on developing curriculum standards and ensuring the quality of education in schools across the region .教育**局**は、地域全体の学校におけるカリキュラム基準の開発と教育の質の確保に焦点を当てています。
candidacy
[名詞]

the fact or condition of being a candidate in an election

立候補

立候補

capitalism
[名詞]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

資本主義, 資本主義システム

資本主義, 資本主義システム

Ex: The collapse of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe marked a shift towards capitalism in those countries .東欧の社会主義政権の崩壊は、それらの国々における**資本主義**への移行を象徴した。
diplomacy
[名詞]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

外交

外交

Ex: His sharp diplomacy secured a vital trade agreement for his country .
constitution
[名詞]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

憲法

憲法

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .1996年に採択された南アフリカの**憲法**は、平等と人間の尊厳の原則を国の核心的価値として定めています。

a union of 27 European states that is formed to strengthen the economic and political bonds between its members

欧州連合

欧州連合

Ex: Many countries apply for membership in the European Union to improve trade relations .多くの国が貿易関係を改善するために**欧州連合**への加盟を申請しています。
fanatic
[名詞]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

狂信者, 過激派

狂信者, 過激派

Ex: The group was led by a fanatic who believed strongly in his radical ideology .そのグループは、自身の過激な思想を強く信じる**狂信者**によって率いられていた。
ideological
[形容詞]

based on or relating to a specific set of political or economic views or policies

イデオロギーの

イデオロギーの

Ex: The ideological shift towards free-market capitalism led to changes in economic policy .自由市場資本主義への**思想的**転換は、経済政策の変化につながった。
independence
[名詞]

the state of being free from the control of others

独立, 自治

独立, 自治

Ex: Many people strive for independence in their careers , seeking self-sufficiency .多くの人々がキャリアにおいて**独立**を求め、自給自足を目指しています。

in a way that relates to multiple nations or the entire world

国際的に, 国際的なレベルで

国際的に, 国際的なレベルで

Ex: The film premiered internationally, showcasing cultural diversity .その映画は**国際的**に公開され、文化的多様性を紹介しました。
globalism
[名詞]

a belief in which the actions of one country affect all other countries in the world and that economic policy is built on benefiting the whole world not an individual country

グローバリズム, 世界主義

グローバリズム, 世界主義

Ex: Globalism challenges traditional notions of sovereignty , as multinational organizations and agreements often influence national policies .**グローバリズム**は、多国籍組織や協定がしばしば国家政策に影響を与えるため、伝統的な主権の概念に挑戦します。

a social class that its members have a high socioeconomic status and are between the middle and upper classes

上層中流階級, 上流ブルジョアジー

上層中流階級, 上流ブルジョアジー

quota system
[名詞]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

クォータ制度, 割当制度

クォータ制度, 割当制度

Ex: The quota system ensures that immigration levels remain manageable .**クォータ制度**は、移民のレベルが管理可能な状態に保たれることを保証します。
refoulement
[名詞]

the illegal practice of forcing the asylum seekers or the refugees to return to the country where they are at risk of prosecution

送還

送還

Ex: The refugee camp provided a safe haven for those fleeing persecution , ensuring that they were protected from refoulement and given the opportunity to seek asylum .難民キャンプは迫害から逃れてきた人々に安全な避難所を提供し、**refoulement**から保護され、亡命を求める機会が与えられることを保証しました。
anarchy
[名詞]

the state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control

無政府状態, 混乱

無政府状態, 混乱

Ex: The sudden resignation of all leaders resulted in anarchy within the organization .すべてのリーダーの突然の辞任は、組織内に**無政府状態**をもたらした。

a session that each US Senate committee holds in order to determine whether a candidate should be confirmed or rejected for a high federal office

確認公聴会, 確認のための公聴会

確認公聴会, 確認のための公聴会

IELTS のための語彙 (アカデミック)
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