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Słownictwo do IELTS (Akademickie) - Politics

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów o polityce, takich jak "kongres", "federalny", "karta do głosowania" itp., które są potrzebne do egzaminu IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
affair
affair
[Rzeczownik]

a social gathering or event, often formal or noteworthy

wydarzenie, przyjęcie

wydarzenie, przyjęcie

Ex: The gala was a grand affair. 
bill
bill
[Rzeczownik]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

projekt ustawy, propozycja ustawy

projekt ustawy, propozycja ustawy

Ex: After several debates, the bill was passed and became law. 
Congress
Congress
[Rzeczownik]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

Kongres, Ciało ustawodawcze

Kongres, Ciało ustawodawcze

Ex: Congress passed a new healthcare bill. 
conservative
conservative
[Rzeczownik]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

konserwatysta, tradycjonalista

konserwatysta, tradycjonalista

Ex: The conservative candidate won the election by a narrow margin. 
council
council
[Rzeczownik]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

rada, zgromadzenie

rada, zgromadzenie

Ex: She was elected to serve on the local council. 
to debate
to debate
[Czasownik]

to formally discuss a matter, usually in a structured setting

debatować, dyskutować

debatować, dyskutować

Ex: The candidates took the stage to debate their views on important issues in front of a live audience 
democracy
democracy
[Rzeczownik]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

demokracja

demokracja

Ex: In a democracy, all citizens have the right to express their opinions freely and participate in decision-making processes. 
to elect
to elect
[Czasownik]

to choose a person for a specific job, particularly a political one, by voting

wybierać, wybierać w głosowaniu

wybierać, wybierać w głosowaniu

Ex: Citizens will elect a new mayor in the upcoming municipal elections. 
federal
federal
[przymiotnik]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

federalny, centralny

federalny, centralny

Ex: Federal laws apply uniformly across the entire country. 
to govern
to govern
[Czasownik]

to regulate or control a person, course of action or event or the way something happens

regulować, kontrolować

regulować, kontrolować

Ex: The new laws will govern how companies can handle customer data to ensure privacy and security. 
activist
activist
[Rzeczownik]

a person who tries to bring about political or social change, especially someone who supports strong actions such as protests, etc.

aktywista, działacz

aktywista, działacz

Ex: The activist organized a large protest to demand better working conditions for factory employees. 
absolutism
absolutism
[Rzeczownik]

the principle or system of unlimited and unchecked governmental power

absolutyzm, despotyzm

absolutyzm, despotyzm

Ex: The monarch ruled under the doctrine of political absolutism. 
alliance
alliance
[Rzeczownik]

a formal agreement or treaty establishing cooperation between nations or groups for shared objectives

sojusz, pakt

sojusz, pakt

Ex: The military alliance between the two countries was formed to enhance mutual defense capabilities. 
ambassador
ambassador
[Rzeczownik]

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

ambasador, ambasadorka

ambasador, ambasadorka

Ex: The ambassador hosted a reception at the embassy to strengthen diplomatic relations between the two nations. 
assembly
assembly
[Rzeczownik]

the act of gathering together to achieve a common goal

zgromadzenie,  zebranie

zgromadzenie, zebranie

autonomy
autonomy
[Rzeczownik]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

autonomia

autonomia

Ex: The region fought for years to achieve autonomy from the central government. 
ballot
ballot
[Rzeczownik]

a document listing the options or candidates used in voting

karta do głosowania, głos

karta do głosowania, głos

Ex: Voters received their ballot at the polling station. 
bilateral
bilateral
[przymiotnik]

concerning two groups or countries

dwustronny

dwustronny

Ex: The two nations signed a bilateral trade agreement. 
balance of power
balance of power
[Rzeczownik]

the situation in which a group of countries have enough military or political power to prevent a country from controlling other countries

równowaga sił, balans sił

równowaga sił, balans sił

bureau
bureau
[Rzeczownik]

a specific section within a government department which is responsible for specific tasks, functions, etc.

biuro

biuro

Ex: The environmental protection bureau is responsible for overseeing and implementing policies related to conservation and pollution control. 
candidacy
candidacy
[Rzeczownik]

the state of being a candidate in an election

kandydatura, kandydatura

kandydatura, kandydatura

Ex: She announced her candidacy for mayor. 
capitalism
capitalism
[Rzeczownik]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

kapitalizm, system kapitalistyczny

kapitalizm, system kapitalistyczny

Ex: Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals and businesses own the means of production and operate for profit. 
diplomacy
diplomacy
[Rzeczownik]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

dyplomacja

dyplomacja

Ex: Diplomacy helped prevent the two nations from going to war. 
constitution
constitution
[Rzeczownik]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

konstytucja

konstytucja

Ex: The constitution of this country guarantees freedom of speech and the separation of powers among its branches of government. 
European Union
European Union
[Rzeczownik]

a union of 27 European states that is formed to strengthen the economic and political bonds between its members

Unia Europejska

Unia Europejska

Ex: The European Union has policies to promote free trade among its member states. 
fanatic
fanatic
[Rzeczownik]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

fanatyk, ekstremista

fanatyk, ekstremista

Ex: The protest was peaceful until a group of fanatics began shouting radical slogans. 
ideological
ideological
[przymiotnik]

based on or relating to a specific set of political or economic views or policies

ideologiczny

ideologiczny

Ex: The party's platform is rooted in ideological principles of liberalism and social justice. 
independence
independence
[Rzeczownik]

the state of being free from the control of others

niepodległość, autonomia

niepodległość, autonomia

Ex: The country gained its independence after years of colonial rule. 
internationally
internationally
[przysłówek]

in a way that relates to multiple nations or the entire world

międzynarodowo, na poziomie międzynarodowym

międzynarodowo, na poziomie międzynarodowym

Ex: The conference attracted participants and experts internationally. 
globalism
globalism
[Rzeczownik]

a belief in which the actions of one country affect all other countries in the world and that economic policy is built on benefiting the whole world not an individual country

globalizm, światopogląd globalny

globalizm, światopogląd globalny

Ex: Globalism has led to increased economic interdependence among nations, fostering international trade and investment. 
upper middle class
upper middle class
[Rzeczownik]

a social class that its members have a high socioeconomic status and are between the middle and upper classes

wyższa klasa średnia, wyższa burżuazja

wyższa klasa średnia, wyższa burżuazja

quota system
quota system
[Rzeczownik]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

system kwotowy, reżim kwotowy

system kwotowy, reżim kwotowy

Ex: The government implemented a quota system to control immigration numbers. 
refoulement
refoulement
[Rzeczownik]

the illegal practice of forcing the asylum seekers or the refugees to return to the country where they are at risk of prosecution

odprawa

odprawa

Ex: Human rights organizations condemned the government's policy of refoulement, arguing that it violated fundamental principles of asylum and protection. 
anarchy
anarchy
[Rzeczownik]

the state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control

anarchia, chaos

anarchia, chaos

Ex: The country descended into anarchy after the government was overthrown. 
confirmation hearing

a session that each US Senate committee holds in order to determine whether a candidate should be confirmed or rejected for a high federal office

wysłuchanie w sprawie zatwierdzenia, wysłuchanie w celu zatwierdzenia

wysłuchanie w sprawie zatwierdzenia, wysłuchanie w celu zatwierdzenia

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