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雅思词汇(学术) - 政治

在这里,你将学习一些关于政治的英语单词,如“国会”、“联邦”、“选票”等,这些是雅思考试所需要的。

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Words for Academic IELTS
affair
affair
[名词]

a social gathering or event, often formal or noteworthy

活动, 招待会

活动, 招待会

Ex: Invitations were sent for the charitable affair. 
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bill
bill
[名词]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

法案, 法律提案

法案, 法律提案

Ex: The Senate voted on the bill yesterday. 
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Congress
Congress
[名词]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

国会, 立法机构

国会, 立法机构

Ex: The law was reviewed and approved by Congress. 
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conservative
conservative
[名词]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

保守派, 传统主义者

保守派, 传统主义者

Ex: She has been a loyal conservative supporter for over two decades. 
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council
council
[名词]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

议会, 委员会

议会, 委员会

Ex: The council proposed new environmental regulations. 
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to debate
to debate
[动词]

to formally discuss a matter, usually in a structured setting

辩论, 讨论

辩论, 讨论

Ex: Politicians debated the proposed healthcare reform bill on the floor of the parliament. 
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democracy
democracy
[名词]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

民主

民主

Ex: In a democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches. 
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to elect
to elect
[动词]

to choose a person for a specific job, particularly a political one, by voting

选举, 通过投票选择

选举, 通过投票选择

Ex: The citizens of the country are electing new leaders who will shape the future. 
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federal
federal
[形容词]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

联邦的, 中央的

联邦的, 中央的

Ex: The federal government oversees matters of national importance, such as defense and foreign affairs. 

联邦政府监督国防和外交等国家重要事务。

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to govern
to govern
[动词]

to control or determine how an activity, process, or situation operates or develops

支配,  规定

支配, 规定

Ex: Market conditions often govern the price of agricultural products. 
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activist
activist
[名词]

a person who actively campaigns for social, political, environmental, or other change

活动家

活动家

Ex: The activist organized a peaceful demonstration in the city center. 
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absolutism
absolutism
[名词]

the principle or system of unlimited and unchecked governmental power

专制主义, 独裁主义

专制主义, 独裁主义

Ex: Absolutism often leads to centralization of authority. 

专制主义往往导致权力的集中。

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alliance
alliance
[名词]

a formal agreement or treaty establishing cooperation between nations or groups for shared objectives

联盟, 条约

联盟, 条约

Ex: Cultural alliances between universities foster academic exchange and collaboration in research. 
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ambassador
ambassador
[名词]

a senior diplomatic official who represents their country in another country or at an international organization

Ex: The ambassador attended a meeting at the foreign ministry. 
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assembly
assembly
[名词]

the act of gathering together to achieve a common goal

集会,  会议

集会, 会议

Ex: The rapid assembly of the rescue team helped speed up the response. 
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autonomy
autonomy
[名词]

the freedom of a country, region, or organization to govern itself independently

自治,  自主

自治, 自主

Ex: University leaders argued for more autonomy from central authorities. 
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ballot
ballot
[名词]

a document listing the options or candidates used in voting

选票, 投票

选票, 投票

Ex: The ballot included several measures and propositions. 
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bilateral
bilateral
[形容词]

concerning two groups or countries

双边的

双边的

Ex: They held a bilateral meeting to discuss the new policy. 

他们举行了一次双边会议来讨论新政策。

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balance of power

the situation in which a group of countries have enough military or political power to prevent a country from controlling other countries

力量平衡, 势力均衡

力量平衡, 势力均衡

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bureau
bureau
[名词]

a government department or a division of one responsible for a particular area of work

局,  处

局, 处

Ex: She works for a federal bureau that investigates financial crimes. 
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candidacy
candidacy
[名词]

the state of being a candidate in an election

候选人资格, 候选人资格

候选人资格, 候选人资格

Ex: His candidacy attracted strong support from young voters. 

他的候选人资格吸引了年轻选民的强烈支持。

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capitalism
capitalism
[名词]

an economic system in which property and businesses are primarily privately owned and operated for profit

资本主义

资本主义

Ex: Daniel studied the development of capitalism during the Industrial Revolution. 
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diplomacy
diplomacy
[名词]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

外交

外交

Ex: She pursued a career in diplomacy, working as an ambassador. 

她追求外交事业,担任大使。

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constitution
constitution
[名词]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

宪法

宪法

Ex: The constitution of South Africa, adopted in 1996, enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation. 
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European Union

a union of 27 European states that is formed to strengthen the economic and political bonds between its members

欧洲联盟

欧洲联盟

Ex: The UK was a member of the European Union until Brexit in 2020. 

英国在2020年脱欧之前是欧盟的成员。

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fanatic
fanatic
[名词]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

狂热分子, 极端分子

狂热分子, 极端分子

Ex: She was labeled a fanatic due to her unwavering belief in the cult's teachings. 

由于她对邪教教义坚定不移的信仰,她被贴上了狂热分子的标签。

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ideological
ideological
[形容词]

based on or relating to a specific set of political or economic views or policies

意识形态的

意识形态的

Ex: The ideological divide between conservatives and liberals shapes public policy debates. 

保守派和自由派之间的意识形态分歧塑造了公共政策辩论。

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independence
independence
[名词]

the state of being free from the control of others

独立, 自治

独立, 自治

Ex: Many people strive for independence in their careers, seeking self-sufficiency. 
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internationally

in a way that relates to multiple nations or the entire world

国际上, 在国际层面上

国际上, 在国际层面上

Ex: The conference attracted participants and experts internationally. 

会议吸引了国际参与者和专家。

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globalism
globalism
[名词]

a belief in which the actions of one country affect all other countries in the world and that economic policy is built on benefiting the whole world not an individual country

全球主义, 全球化思想

全球主义, 全球化思想

Ex: Critics of globalism argue that it can undermine local cultures and economies by prioritizing global markets over national interests. 

全球主义的批评者认为,通过将全球市场置于国家利益之上,它可能会破坏当地文化和经济。

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upper middle class

a social class that its members have a high socioeconomic status and are between the middle and upper classes

中上阶层, 高级资产阶级

中上阶层, 高级资产阶级

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quota system
quota system
[名词]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

配额制度, 限额制度

配额制度, 限额制度

Ex: The new quota system limited the annual number of visas issued. 

新的配额制度限制了每年签发的签证数量。

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refoulement
refoulement
[名词]

the illegal practice of forcing the asylum seekers or the refugees to return to the country where they are at risk of prosecution

遣返

遣返

Ex: The refugee was terrified of being subjected to refoulement, knowing that returning to their home country would mean facing imprisonment or worse. 

难民害怕被驱逐出境,知道返回自己的国家将意味着面临监禁或更糟的情况。

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anarchy
anarchy
[名词]

the state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control

无政府状态, 混乱

无政府状态, 混乱

Ex: During the power outage, the city experienced a brief period of anarchy. 

在停电期间,这座城市经历了一段短暂的无政府状态。

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confirmation hearing

a session that each US Senate committee holds in order to determine whether a candidate should be confirmed or rejected for a high federal office

确认听证会, 确认听证

确认听证会, 确认听证

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