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雅思词汇(学术) - Politics

在这里,你将学习一些关于政治的英语单词,如“国会”、“联邦”、“选票”等,这些是雅思考试所需要的。

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Words for Academic IELTS
affair
[名词]

an event that concerns the public or is of political importance

事件, 事务

事件, 事务

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bill
[名词]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

法案, 法律提案

法案, 法律提案

Ex: The bill was delayed in the legislative process due to disagreements among committee members .由于委员会成员之间的分歧,**法案**在立法过程中被延迟。
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congress
[名词]

(in some countries) the group of people who have been elected to make laws, which in the US it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate

国会, 立法机构

国会, 立法机构

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conservative
[名词]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

保守派, 传统主义者

保守派, 传统主义者

Ex: Many conservative MPs voiced their concerns over the proposed tax reforms.许多**保守党**议员对提议的税收改革表示担忧。
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council
[名词]

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

议会, 委员会

议会, 委员会

Ex: The council proposed new environmental regulations .**理事会**提出了新的环境法规。
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to debate
[动词]

to formally discuss a matter, usually in a structured setting

辩论, 讨论

辩论, 讨论

Ex: Politicians debated the proposed healthcare reform bill on the floor of the parliament .政治家们在议会**辩论**了提出的医疗改革法案。
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democracy
[名词]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

民主

民主

Ex: In a democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .在**民主**国家中,司法独立于行政和立法部门。
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to elect
[动词]

to choose a person for a specific job, particularly a political one, by voting

选举, 通过投票选择

选举, 通过投票选择

Ex: The citizens of the country are electing new leaders who will shape the future .该国的公民正在**选举**将塑造未来的新领导人。
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federal
[形容词]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

联邦的, 中央的

联邦的, 中央的

Ex: The federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .**联邦**预算为国家优先事项分配资金,包括基础设施和社会服务。
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to govern
[动词]

to regulate or control a person, course of action or event or the way something happens

管制, 控制

管制, 控制

Ex: The laws of physics govern the way objects move in the universe .物理定律**支配**着物体在宇宙中的运动方式。
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activist
[名词]

a person who tries to bring about political or social change, especially someone who supports strong actions such as protests, etc.

活动家, 积极分子

活动家, 积极分子

Ex: He became an animal rights activist after witnessing the poor treatment of animals in factory farms .在目睹了工厂化农场对动物的恶劣待遇后,他成为了一名动物权利**活动家**。
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absolutism
[名词]

the belief in a political theory that stands for giving the total power to a single person or government at all times

专制主义, 绝对君主制

专制主义, 绝对君主制

Ex: Absolutism often involves the suppression of political opposition and the centralization of authority , contrasting sharply with the principles of constitutionalism and checks and balances .**专制主义**通常涉及压制政治反对派和集中权力,与宪政和制衡原则形成鲜明对比。
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alliance
[名词]

an association between countries, organizations, political parties, etc. in order to achieve common interests

联盟

联盟

Ex: Cultural alliances between universities foster academic exchange and collaboration in research .大学之间的文化**联盟**促进了学术交流和科研合作。
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ambassador
[名词]

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

大使, 使节

大使, 使节

Ex: The newly appointed ambassador is expected to arrive at the foreign capital next month to assume his duties .新任命的**大使**预计下月抵达外国首都履新。
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assembly
[名词]

the act of gathering together to achieve a common goal

集会,  会议

集会, 会议

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autonomy
[名词]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

自治

自治

Ex: After gaining autonomy, the country established its own laws and governance structures .获得**自治**后,该国建立了自己的法律和治理结构。
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ballot
[名词]

a piece of paper on which a vote is written

选票, 票

选票, 票

Ex: The ballot was designed to be simple and clear to help voters make informed decisions .**选票**被设计得简单明了,以帮助选民做出明智的决定。
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bilateral
[形容词]

concerning two groups or countries

双边的

双边的

Ex: A bilateral agreement was reached on environmental protection .就环境保护达成了**双边**协议。
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the situation in which a group of countries have enough military or political power to prevent a country from controlling other countries

力量平衡, 势力均衡

力量平衡, 势力均衡

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bureau
[名词]

a specific section within a government department which is responsible for specific tasks, functions, etc.

局

Ex: The education bureau focuses on developing curriculum standards and ensuring the quality of education in schools across the region .教育**局**专注于制定课程标准并确保该地区各学校的教育质量。
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candidacy
[名词]

the fact or condition of being a candidate in an election

候选人资格

候选人资格

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capitalism
[名词]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

资本主义, 资本主义制度

资本主义, 资本主义制度

Ex: The collapse of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe marked a shift towards capitalism in those countries .东欧社会主义政权的崩溃标志着这些国家向**资本主义**的转变。
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diplomacy
[名词]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

外交

外交

Ex: His sharp diplomacy secured a vital trade agreement for his country .
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constitution
[名词]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

宪法

宪法

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .南非的**宪法**于1996年通过,将平等和人类尊严的原则作为国家的核心价值观。
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a union of 27 European states that is formed to strengthen the economic and political bonds between its members

欧洲联盟

欧洲联盟

Ex: Many countries apply for membership in the European Union to improve trade relations .许多国家申请加入**欧盟**以改善贸易关系。
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fanatic
[名词]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

狂热分子, 极端分子

狂热分子, 极端分子

Ex: The group was led by a fanatic who believed strongly in his radical ideology .该团体由一位**狂热分子**领导,他坚信自己的激进意识形态。
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ideological
[形容词]

based on or relating to a specific set of political or economic views or policies

意识形态的

意识形态的

Ex: The ideological shift towards free-market capitalism led to changes in economic policy .向自由市场资本主义的**意识形态**转变导致了经济政策的变化。
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independence
[名词]

the state of being free from the control of others

独立, 自治

独立, 自治

Ex: Many people strive for independence in their careers , seeking self-sufficiency .许多人在职业生涯中努力追求**独立**,寻求自给自足。
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in a way that relates to multiple nations or the entire world

国际上, 在国际层面上

国际上, 在国际层面上

Ex: The film premiered internationally, showcasing cultural diversity .这部电影**国际**首映,展示了文化多样性。
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globalism
[名词]

a belief in which the actions of one country affect all other countries in the world and that economic policy is built on benefiting the whole world not an individual country

全球主义, 全球化思想

全球主义, 全球化思想

Ex: Globalism challenges traditional notions of sovereignty , as multinational organizations and agreements often influence national policies .**全球主义**挑战了传统的主权观念,因为跨国组织和协议经常影响国家政策。
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a social class that its members have a high socioeconomic status and are between the middle and upper classes

中上阶层, 高级资产阶级

中上阶层, 高级资产阶级

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quota system
[名词]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

配额制度, 限额制度

配额制度, 限额制度

Ex: The quota system ensures that immigration levels remain manageable .**配额制度**确保移民水平保持在可管理的范围内。
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refoulement
[名词]

the illegal practice of forcing the asylum seekers or the refugees to return to the country where they are at risk of prosecution

遣返

遣返

Ex: The refugee camp provided a safe haven for those fleeing persecution , ensuring that they were protected from refoulement and given the opportunity to seek asylum .难民营为那些逃离迫害的人提供了安全的避风港,确保他们受到保护,免受**refoulement**,并有机会寻求庇护。
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anarchy
[名词]

the state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control

无政府状态, 混乱

无政府状态, 混乱

Ex: The sudden resignation of all leaders resulted in anarchy within the organization .所有领导人的突然辞职导致了组织内部的**无政府状态**。
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a session that each US Senate committee holds in order to determine whether a candidate should be confirmed or rejected for a high federal office

确认听证会, 确认听证

确认听证会, 确认听证

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雅思词汇(学术)
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