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Vocabulaire pour IELTS (Académique) - Éonomie

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur l'économie, tels que "déflation", "oligopole", "budget", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
account
account
[nom]

an arrangement according to which a bank keeps and protects someone's money that can be taken out or added to

compte

compte

Ex: John transferred money from his checking account to his investment account to buy stocks. 
balance sheet

a written statement that shows the assets and liabilities of a company at a specific point in time

bilan

bilan

capital gains tax

a tax on the profit a corporation or an individual makes from selling shares or properties

impôt sur les plus-values

impôt sur les plus-values

deflation

a sustained decline in prices caused by reduced economic activity

déflation

déflation

Ex: Deflation led to lower corporate revenues and widespread layoffs. 
fiscal year

a period of 12 months based on which a company, government or individual does financial reporting or budgeting

année fiscale

année fiscale

golden rule

a fundamental principle that should be followed in order to achieve success

règle d’or

règle d’or

income tax

a tax levied by a government on the financial earnings of individuals and businesses

impôt sur le revenu

impôt sur le revenu

Ex: The government raised income tax rates for high earners. 
liquid assets

any item of value that can be sold easily or the amount of cash available to a company

liquidités

liquidités

microeconomics

(economics) the branch of economics that is concerned with the market behavior of companies and individuals in order to understand their decision-making processes

microéconomie, micro-économie

microéconomie, micro-économie

macroeconomics

(economics) the branch of economics that studies an economy or market system at a general level and deals with the interrelation of different sectors

macro-économie

macro-économie

oligopoly

(economics) a market structure in which only a few competitors are involved but none of them have the overall control

oligopole

oligopole

quota
quota
[nom]

a share or amount allocated or due to a particular person or group

quota, part

quota, part

Ex: Daniel collected his quota of tickets before the event. 
shareholder

an individual or entity that owns shares of stock in a corporation

actionnaire

actionnaire

Ex: Each shareholder received a dividend payment based on the number of shares held. 
tax haven

a country with stable economy that offers foreigners zero or near zero tax rates

paradis fiscal

paradis fiscal

unit trust

an investing company that facilitates investment in various businesses and provides profits paid directly to each unit owner

fonds commun de placement

fonds commun de placement

value-added tax

a consumption tax charged on the increase in value of goods or services at successive stages of production and distribution

taxe sur la valeur ajoutée

taxe sur la valeur ajoutée

Ex: The business collects VAT from customers and pays it to the government. 
yield
yield
[nom]

the total amount of something that is produced, as in agriculture or an industry

rendement

rendement

Ex: The company's financial report showed a significant increase in yield, indicating successful productivity and growth. 
investment

the money that is put into a business or financial activity to gain profit

investissement

investissement

Ex: Real estate is often considered a safe investment with potential for steady returns. 
budget
budget
[nom]

a specific amount of money set aside for a particular use

budget

budget

Ex: She saved part of her budget for emergencies. 
currency

the type or system of money that is used by a country

monnaie

monnaie

Ex: The value of the local currency fluctuates based on the global market. 
to crash
to crash
[verbe]

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

s'effondrer

s'effondrer

Ex: The tech industry's bubble burst, causing many companies' shares to crash. 
deposit
deposit
[nom]

money placed in a bank or financial institution

dépôt

dépôt

Ex: Direct deposits of salary are convenient and fast. 
asset
asset
[nom]

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

atout

atout

Ex: Human capital, such as knowledge, skills, and expertise, is an important asset for organizations seeking competitive advantage. 
finance
finance
[nom]

the act of managing large sums of money, especially by governments or corporations

finance

finance

Ex: The company hired an expert to handle its finance. 
capital
capital
[nom]

assets used to generate more assets, especially in business or production

capital

capital

Ex: They raised capital to expand operations. 
deficit spending

the spending of public funds provided from borrowing rather than taxation, done by a government in order to stimulate the economy

déficit budgétaire

déficit budgétaire

depression

a prolonged period of severe economic decline marked by low business activity and high unemployment

dépression

dépression

Ex: Unemployment rose sharply during the depression. 
savings
savings
[nom]

the amount of money that one has kept for future use, especially in a bank

économies

économies

Ex: The couple's savings allowed them to purchase their dream home without taking on excessive debt. 

Les économies du couple leur ont permis d'acheter la maison de leurs rêves sans contracter de dettes excessives.

profit
profit
[nom]

the sum of money that is gained after all expenses and taxes are paid

bénéfice

bénéfice

Ex: Investors seek opportunities to maximize profit by analyzing market trends and identifying potential growth sectors. 
EPS
EPS
[nom]

a financial measure that indicates a company's profit in relation to each outstanding share of common stock

BPA, bénéfice par action

BPA, bénéfice par action

half year

a period of six months, especially used in financial contexts

semestre

semestre

joint account

a bank account that has two or more owners

compte joint

compte joint

net asset value

the value of a company's assets minus its liabilities, divided by the number of outstanding shares

valeur nette des actifs, valeur liquidative

valeur nette des actifs, valeur liquidative

Ex: Investors often use the net asset value as a key indicator to assess the performance and value of a fund. 

Les investisseurs utilisent souvent la valeur nette d'inventaire comme indicateur clé pour évaluer la performance et la valeur d'un fonds.

real interest rate

(economics) an interest rate that is adjusted in a way that removes the effects of inflation

taux d'intérêt réel

taux d'intérêt réel

x-efficiency

(economics) a company's inability to achieve maximum output from the input due to imperfect competition

efficacité X

efficacité X

commodity

a product or raw material that can be bought and sold, especially in large quantities on financial markets

marchandise

marchandise

Ex: The company invests in commodities such as gold, wheat, and coffee. 
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