Vocabular pentru IELTS (Academic) - Economics

an arrangement according to which a bank keeps and protects someone's money that can be taken out or added to

cont, cont bancar

a written statement that shows the assets and liabilities of a company at a specific point in time

bilanț, situația financiară

a tax on the profit a corporation or an individual makes from selling shares or properties

impozit pe câștigurile de capital, taxa pe profitul capitalului

(economics) a decrease in the amount of money in an economy, resulting in falling or unchanged prices

deflație

a period of 12 months based on which a company, government or individual does financial reporting or budgeting

an fiscal, exercițiu financiar

a fundamental principle that should be followed in order to achieve success

regula de aur, principiu fundamental

a tax paid to the government each year by a business or an individual based on their income

impozit pe venit, taxă pe venit

any item of value that can be sold easily or the amount of cash available to a company

active lichide, fonduri disponibile

(economics) the branch of economics that is concerned with the market behavior of companies and individuals in order to understand their decision-making processes

microeconomie

(economics) the branch of economics that studies an economy or market system at a general level and deals with the interrelation of different sectors

macroeconomie

(economics) a market structure in which only a few competitors are involved but none of them have the overall control

oligopol, structură de oligopol

(economics) an amount or share that each individual is entitled to receive

cotă, parte

a natural or legal person that owns at least one share in a company

acționar

a country with stable economy that offers foreigners zero or near zero tax rates

paradis fiscal, ascunzătoare fiscală

an investing company that facilitates investment in various businesses and provides profits paid directly to each unit owner

fond de investiții, fond comun de investiții

a tax put on the value added to a product at each stage of the supply chain, affecting the final price which the consumer pays

taxa pe valoarea adăugată, TVA

the total amount of something that is produced, as in agriculture or an industry

randament, producție

the money that is put into a business or financial activity to gain profit

investiție, plasament

the sum of money that is available to a person, an organization, etc. for a particular purpose and the plan according to which it will be spent

buget, plan de cheltuieli

the type or system of money that is used by a country

monedă, valută

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

cumpăra, închide

(economics) an amount of money that is put into a bank account

depozit, plată

(usually plural) a property or an item of value that a company owns and can sell to pay its debts

activ, bun

the act of managing large sums of money, especially by governments or corporations

finanțe, administrarea finanțelor

money or property owned by a person or company that is used for investment or starting a business

capital, fonduri

the spending of public funds provided from borrowing rather than taxation, done by a government in order to stimulate the economy

cheltuieli deficitare, cheltuieli bugetare cu deficit

a time of little economic activity and high unemployment, which lasts for a long time

depresie, criză economică

the amount of money that one has kept for future use, especially in a bank

economii, savings

the sum of money that is gained after all expenses and taxes are paid

profit, câștig

a financial measure that indicates a company's profit in relation to each outstanding share of common stock

profit pe acțiune, EPS

a period of six months, especially used in financial contexts

semestru, jumătate de an

a bank account that has two or more owners

cont comun, cont joint

the value of a company's assets minus its liabilities, divided by the number of outstanding shares

valoarea netă a activelor, valoarea activelor nete

(economics) an interest rate that is adjusted in a way that removes the effects of inflation

rata dobânzii reale, rata dobânzii ajustată pentru inflație

(economics) a company's inability to achieve maximum output from the input due to imperfect competition

x-eficiență, ineficiență x

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

marfă, produs de bază