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Bokabularyo para sa IELTS (Akademiko) - Economics

Dito ay matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa ekonomiya, tulad ng "deflation", "oligopoly", "budget", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit sa IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
account
account
[Pangngalan]

an arrangement according to which a bank keeps and protects someone's money that can be taken out or added to

account, bank account

account, bank account

Ex: Tom received an email notification confirming that his account had been credited with the refund amount .Tumanggap si Tom ng notification sa email na nagpapatunay na ang kanyang **account** ay na-kredito ng halaga ng refund.
balance sheet
balance sheet
[Pangngalan]

a written statement that shows the assets and liabilities of a company at a specific point in time

balance sheet, talaan ng balanse

balance sheet, talaan ng balanse

capital gains tax
capital gains tax
[Pangngalan]

a tax on the profit a corporation or an individual makes from selling shares or properties

buwis sa kita ng kapital, buwis sa tubo ng puhunan

buwis sa kita ng kapital, buwis sa tubo ng puhunan

deflation
deflation
[Pangngalan]

(economics) a decrease in the amount of money in an economy, resulting in falling or unchanged prices

deflasyon

deflasyon

fiscal year
fiscal year
[Pangngalan]

a period of 12 months based on which a company, government or individual does financial reporting or budgeting

taong piskal, taon ng badyet

taong piskal, taon ng badyet

golden rule
golden rule
[Pangngalan]

a fundamental principle that should be followed in order to achieve success

ginintuang tuntunin, pangunahing prinsipyo

ginintuang tuntunin, pangunahing prinsipyo

income tax
income tax
[Pangngalan]

a tax paid to the government each year by a business or an individual based on their income

buwis sa kita, buwis sa kinita

buwis sa kita, buwis sa kinita

liquid assets
liquid assets
[Pangngalan]

any item of value that can be sold easily or the amount of cash available to a company

likidong ari-arian, mga halagang maaaring maipagbili

likidong ari-arian, mga halagang maaaring maipagbili

microeconomics
microeconomics
[Pangngalan]

(economics) the branch of economics that is concerned with the market behavior of companies and individuals in order to understand their decision-making processes

mikroekonomiks, mikro-ekonomiks

mikroekonomiks, mikro-ekonomiks

macroeconomics
macroeconomics
[Pangngalan]

(economics) the branch of economics that studies an economy or market system at a general level and deals with the interrelation of different sectors

macroekonomiks, pangkalahatang ekonomiya

macroekonomiks, pangkalahatang ekonomiya

oligopoly
oligopoly
[Pangngalan]

(economics) a market structure in which only a few competitors are involved but none of them have the overall control

oligopolyo, istruktura ng merkado na may iilang kompetisyon

oligopolyo, istruktura ng merkado na may iilang kompetisyon

quota
quota
[Pangngalan]

(economics) an amount or share that each individual is entitled to receive

kota, bahagi

kota, bahagi

shareholder
shareholder
[Pangngalan]

a natural or legal person that owns at least one share in a company

shareholder, may-ari ng bahagi

shareholder, may-ari ng bahagi

tax haven
tax haven
[Pangngalan]

a country with stable economy that offers foreigners zero or near zero tax rates

paraiso ng buwis, kanlungan ng buwis

paraiso ng buwis, kanlungan ng buwis

unit trust
unit trust
[Pangngalan]

an investing company that facilitates investment in various businesses and provides profits paid directly to each unit owner

trust unit, pondo ng pamumuhunan

trust unit, pondo ng pamumuhunan

value-added tax
value-added tax
[Pangngalan]

a tax put on the value added to a product at each stage of the supply chain, affecting the final price which the consumer pays

buwis sa idinagdag na halaga

buwis sa idinagdag na halaga

yield
yield
[Pangngalan]

the total amount of something that is produced, as in agriculture or an industry

ani,  produksyon

ani, produksyon

Ex: The study analyzed the yield of various crops across different regions , providing valuable insights for agricultural planning .Ang pag-aaral ay nagsuri sa **ani** ng iba't ibang pananim sa iba't ibang rehiyon, na nagbibigay ng mahalagang pananaw para sa pagpaplano ng agrikultura.
investment
investment
[Pangngalan]

the money that is put into a business or financial activity to gain profit

pamumuhunan

pamumuhunan

Ex: A diversified investment portfolio can help mitigate risks and maximize returns .Ang isang iba't ibang portfolio ng **pamumuhunan** ay maaaring makatulong sa pagbawas ng mga panganib at pag-maximize ng mga kita.
budget
budget
[Pangngalan]

a specific amount of money set aside for a particular use

Ex: He set a weekly budget for groceries .
currency
currency
[Pangngalan]

the type or system of money that is used by a country

salapi, perang banyaga

salapi, perang banyaga

Ex: The value of the currency dropped significantly after the announcement .Ang halaga ng **salapi** ay bumagsak nang malaki pagkatapos ng anunsyo.
to crash
to crash
[Pandiwa]

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

bumagsak, lumubog

bumagsak, lumubog

Ex: When the company ’s stock crashed, many investors faced significant losses .Nang **bumagsak** ang stock ng kumpanya, maraming investor ang nakaranas ng malaking pagkalugi.
deposit
deposit
[Pangngalan]

money placed in a bank or financial institution

Ex: Deposits earn interest over time .
asset
asset
[Pangngalan]

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

asset, mahalagang mapagkukunan

asset, mahalagang mapagkukunan

Ex: Goodwill , reflecting a company 's reputation and customer loyalty , is considered an asset on its balance sheet .Ang goodwill, na sumasalamin sa reputasyon ng isang kumpanya at katapatan ng mga customer, ay itinuturing na isang **asset** sa kanyang balance sheet.
finance
finance
[Pangngalan]

the act of managing large sums of money, especially by governments or corporations

pananalapi, pamamahala ng pananalapi

pananalapi, pamamahala ng pananalapi

Ex: The government introduced reforms to improve national finance.Ang pamahalaan ay nagpakilala ng mga reporma upang mapabuti ang pambansang **pananalapi**.
capital
capital
[Pangngalan]

assets used to generate more assets, especially in business or production

Ex: The factory needed more capital to increase output .
deficit spending
deficit spending
[Pangngalan]

the spending of public funds provided from borrowing rather than taxation, done by a government in order to stimulate the economy

pagkakagastos ng depisit, paggasta sa pamamagitan ng pag-utang

pagkakagastos ng depisit, paggasta sa pamamagitan ng pag-utang

depression
depression
[Pangngalan]

a time of little economic activity and high unemployment, which lasts for a long time

depresyon, krisis pang-ekonomiya

depresyon, krisis pang-ekonomiya

Ex: The global economy entered a deep depression following the financial crisis of 2008 .Ang pandaigdigang ekonomiya ay pumasok sa isang malalim na **depression** kasunod ng krisis sa pananalapi noong 2008.
savings
savings
[Pangngalan]

the amount of money that one has kept for future use, especially in a bank

ipon, savings

ipon, savings

Ex: The government encourages citizens to save by offering tax incentives for contributions to retirement savings accounts.Hinihikayat ng gobyerno ang mga mamamayan na mag-ipon sa pamamagitan ng pag-aalok ng mga insentibo sa buwis para sa mga kontribusyon sa mga account ng **ipon** sa pagreretiro.
profit
profit
[Pangngalan]

the sum of money that is gained after all expenses and taxes are paid

tubo,  kita

tubo, kita

Ex: Without careful budgeting , it ’s difficult to achieve consistent profit.Kung walang maingat na pagbabadyet, mahirap makamit ang tuluy-tuloy na **kita**.
EPS
EPS
[Pangngalan]

a financial measure that indicates a company's profit in relation to each outstanding share of common stock

EPS (Kita sa Bawat Bahagi), Tubo sa bawat bahagi

EPS (Kita sa Bawat Bahagi), Tubo sa bawat bahagi

half year
half year
[Pangngalan]

a period of six months, especially used in financial contexts

kalahating taon, anim na buwan

kalahating taon, anim na buwan

joint account
joint account
[Pangngalan]

a bank account that has two or more owners

pinagsamang account

pinagsamang account

net asset value
net asset value
[Pangngalan]

the value of a company's assets minus its liabilities, divided by the number of outstanding shares

netong halaga ng ari-arian, halaga ng net asset

netong halaga ng ari-arian, halaga ng net asset

Ex: The financial report included a detailed breakdown of the company 's net asset value, highlighting the growth in its portfolio of investments .Ang ulat pinansyal ay may kasamang detalyadong paghahati ng **net asset value** ng kumpanya, na nagha-highlight sa paglago ng portfolio ng mga pamumuhunan nito.
real interest rate
real interest rate
[Pangngalan]

(economics) an interest rate that is adjusted in a way that removes the effects of inflation

tunay na interest rate, interest rate na inayos para alisin ang epekto ng inflation

tunay na interest rate, interest rate na inayos para alisin ang epekto ng inflation

x-efficiency
x-efficiency
[Pangngalan]

(economics) a company's inability to achieve maximum output from the input due to imperfect competition

x-kahusayan, kahusayan-x

x-kahusayan, kahusayan-x

commodity
commodity
[Pangngalan]

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

kalakal, hilaw na materyal

kalakal, hilaw na materyal

Ex: Investors often include commodities in their portfolios as a hedge against inflation and market volatility .Kadalasang isinasama ng mga investor ang **commodities** sa kanilang portfolio bilang proteksyon laban sa inflation at market volatility.
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