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Bokabularyo para sa IELTS (Akademiko) - Ekonomiya

Dito ay matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa ekonomiya, tulad ng "deflation", "oligopoly", "budget", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit sa IELTS.

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Simulan ang pag-aaral
Words for Academic IELTS
account
account
[Pangngalan]

an arrangement according to which a bank keeps and protects someone's money that can be taken out or added to

account, bank account

account, bank account

Ex: Sarah opened a savings account at the local bank to start saving for her future. 

Binuksan ni Sarah ang isang account ng pag-iimpok sa lokal na bangko upang magsimulang mag-ipon para sa kanyang kinabukasan.

balance sheet
balance sheet
[Pangngalan]

a written statement that shows the assets and liabilities of a company at a specific point in time

balance sheet, talaan ng balanse

balance sheet, talaan ng balanse

capital gains tax
capital gains tax
[Pangngalan]

a tax on the profit a corporation or an individual makes from selling shares or properties

buwis sa kita ng kapital, buwis sa tubo ng puhunan

buwis sa kita ng kapital, buwis sa tubo ng puhunan

deflation
deflation
[Pangngalan]

(economics) a decrease in the amount of money in an economy, resulting in falling or unchanged prices

deflasyon

deflasyon

Ex: The central bank fears deflation and is cutting interest rates to stimulate spending. 
fiscal year
fiscal year
[Pangngalan]

a period of 12 months based on which a company, government or individual does financial reporting or budgeting

taong piskal, taon ng badyet

taong piskal, taon ng badyet

golden rule
golden rule
[Pangngalan]

a fundamental principle that should be followed in order to achieve success

ginintuang tuntunin, pangunahing prinsipyo

ginintuang tuntunin, pangunahing prinsipyo

income tax
income tax
[Pangngalan]

a tax paid to the government each year by a business or an individual based on their income

buwis sa kita, buwis sa kinita

buwis sa kita, buwis sa kinita

Ex: She pays income tax on her salary every month through payroll deductions. 
liquid assets
liquid assets
[Pangngalan]

any item of value that can be sold easily or the amount of cash available to a company

likidong ari-arian, mga halagang maaaring maipagbili

likidong ari-arian, mga halagang maaaring maipagbili

microeconomics
microeconomics
[Pangngalan]

(economics) the branch of economics that is concerned with the market behavior of companies and individuals in order to understand their decision-making processes

mikroekonomiks, mikro-ekonomiks

mikroekonomiks, mikro-ekonomiks

macroeconomics
macroeconomics
[Pangngalan]

(economics) the branch of economics that studies an economy or market system at a general level and deals with the interrelation of different sectors

macroekonomiks, pangkalahatang ekonomiya

macroekonomiks, pangkalahatang ekonomiya

oligopoly
oligopoly
[Pangngalan]

(economics) a market structure in which only a few competitors are involved but none of them have the overall control

oligopolyo, istruktura ng merkado na may iilang kompetisyon

oligopolyo, istruktura ng merkado na may iilang kompetisyon

quota
quota
[Pangngalan]

(economics) an amount or share that each individual is entitled to receive

kota, bahagi

kota, bahagi

shareholder
shareholder
[Pangngalan]

a natural or legal person that owns at least one share in a company

shareholder, may-ari ng bahagi

shareholder, may-ari ng bahagi

Ex: The shareholder voted on the proposed merger at the annual meeting. 
tax haven
tax haven
[Pangngalan]

a country with stable economy that offers foreigners zero or near zero tax rates

paraiso ng buwis, kanlungan ng buwis

paraiso ng buwis, kanlungan ng buwis

unit trust
unit trust
[Pangngalan]

an investing company that facilitates investment in various businesses and provides profits paid directly to each unit owner

trust unit, pondo ng pamumuhunan

trust unit, pondo ng pamumuhunan

value-added tax
value-added tax
[Pangngalan]

a tax put on the value added to a product at each stage of the supply chain, affecting the final price which the consumer pays

buwis sa idinagdag na halaga

buwis sa idinagdag na halaga

Ex: Value-added tax is included in the price of many goods and services. 
yield
yield
[Pangngalan]

the total amount of something that is produced, as in agriculture or an industry

ani,  produksyon

ani, produksyon

Ex: The annual yield of the wheat fields surpassed expectations, resulting in a plentiful harvest. 

Ang taunang ani ng mga bukid ng trigo ay lumampas sa inaasahan, na nagresulta sa isang masaganang ani.

investment
investment
[Pangngalan]

the money that is put into a business or financial activity to gain profit

pamumuhunan

pamumuhunan

Ex: She made an investment in stocks that paid off handsomely over the years. 

Gumawa siya ng pamumuhunan sa mga stock na nagbunga nang malaki sa paglipas ng mga taon.

budget
budget
[Pangngalan]

a specific amount of money set aside for a particular use

badyet, paglaan ng badyet

badyet, paglaan ng badyet

Ex: The team stayed within the budget despite delays. 

Ang koponan ay nanatili sa loob ng badyet sa kabila ng mga pagkaantala.

currency
currency
[Pangngalan]

the type or system of money that is used by a country

salapi, perang banyaga

salapi, perang banyaga

Ex: The euro is the official currency of many countries in the European Union. 

Ang euro ay ang opisyal na salapi ng maraming bansa sa European Union.

to crash
to crash
[Pandiwa]

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

bumagsak, lumubog

bumagsak, lumubog

Ex: The stock market crashed, wiping out billions in a matter of hours. 

Nag-crash ang stock market, nawala ang bilyon-bilyon sa loob lamang ng ilang oras.

deposit
deposit
[Pangngalan]

money placed in a bank or financial institution

deposito, paglalagak

deposito, paglalagak

Ex: He made a deposit of $500 into his savings account. 

Gumawa siya ng deposito na $500 sa kanyang savings account.

asset
asset
[Pangngalan]

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

asset, mahalagang mapagkukunan

asset, mahalagang mapagkukunan

Ex: Real estate is considered a valuable asset due to its potential for long-term appreciation and rental income. 

Ang real estate ay itinuturing na isang mahalagang asset dahil sa potensyal nito para sa pangmatagalang pagtaas ng halaga at kita sa pag-upa.

finance
finance
[Pangngalan]

the act of managing large sums of money, especially by governments or corporations

pananalapi, pamamahala ng pananalapi

pananalapi, pamamahala ng pananalapi

Ex: Poor finance planning led to the company's bankruptcy. 

Ang mahinang pagpaplano pinansyal ang nagdulot ng pagkabangkarote ng kumpanya.

capital
capital
[Pangngalan]

assets used to generate more assets, especially in business or production

kapital, pondo

kapital, pondo

Ex: The factory needed more capital to increase output. 

Kailangan ng pabrika ng mas maraming kapital upang madagdagan ang output.

deficit spending
deficit spending
[Pangngalan]

the spending of public funds provided from borrowing rather than taxation, done by a government in order to stimulate the economy

pagkakagastos ng depisit, paggasta sa pamamagitan ng pag-utang

pagkakagastos ng depisit, paggasta sa pamamagitan ng pag-utang

depression
depression
[Pangngalan]

a time of little economic activity and high unemployment, which lasts for a long time

depresyon, krisis pang-ekonomiya

depresyon, krisis pang-ekonomiya

Ex: The Great Depression of the 1930s saw widespread unemployment and severe economic hardship. 

Ang Great Depression noong 1930s ay nakakita ng malawakang kawalan ng trabaho at matinding kahirapan sa ekonomiya.

savings
savings
[Pangngalan]

the amount of money that one has kept for future use, especially in a bank

ipon, savings

ipon, savings

Ex: She diligently set aside a portion of her income each month to contribute to her savings account. 

Masigasig siyang nagtabi ng bahagi ng kanyang kita bawat buwan upang mag-ambag sa kanyang savings account.

profit
profit
[Pangngalan]

the sum of money that is gained after all expenses and taxes are paid

tubo,  kita

tubo, kita

Ex: The company reported a significant profit for the fiscal year, reflecting efficient operations and strong sales. 

Iniulat ng kumpanya ang isang makabuluhang tubo para sa taong pampinansyal, na sumasalamin sa mahusay na operasyon at malakas na benta.

EPS
EPS
[Pangngalan]

a financial measure that indicates a company's profit in relation to each outstanding share of common stock

EPS (Kita sa Bawat Bahagi), Tubo sa bawat bahagi

EPS (Kita sa Bawat Bahagi), Tubo sa bawat bahagi

half year
half year
[Pangngalan]

a period of six months, especially used in financial contexts

kalahating taon, anim na buwan

kalahating taon, anim na buwan

joint account
joint account
[Pangngalan]

a bank account that has two or more owners

pinagsamang account

pinagsamang account

net asset value
net asset value
[Pangngalan]

the value of a company's assets minus its liabilities, divided by the number of outstanding shares

netong halaga ng ari-arian, halaga ng net asset

netong halaga ng ari-arian, halaga ng net asset

Ex: The mutual fund's net asset value (NAV) is calculated at the end of each trading day, reflecting the total value of its assets minus liabilities. 

Ang net asset value (NAV) ng mutual fund ay kinakalkula sa pagtatapos ng bawat araw ng pagnegosyo, na sumasalamin sa kabuuang halaga ng mga ari-arian nito na binawasan ng mga pananagutan.

real interest rate
real interest rate
[Pangngalan]

(economics) an interest rate that is adjusted in a way that removes the effects of inflation

tunay na interest rate, interest rate na inayos para alisin ang epekto ng inflation

tunay na interest rate, interest rate na inayos para alisin ang epekto ng inflation

x-efficiency
x-efficiency
[Pangngalan]

(economics) a company's inability to achieve maximum output from the input due to imperfect competition

x-kahusayan, kahusayan-x

x-kahusayan, kahusayan-x

commodity
commodity
[Pangngalan]

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

kalakal, hilaw na materyal

kalakal, hilaw na materyal

Ex: Oil has long been a highly valued commodity on the global market, influencing economies and politics. 

Ang langis ay matagal nang isang mataas na pinahahalagahang kalakal sa pandaigdigang pamilihan, na nakakaimpluwensya sa mga ekonomiya at politika.

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