Vocabulário para IELTS (Acadêmico) - Economics

an arrangement according to which a bank keeps and protects someone's money that can be taken out or added to

conta, conta bancária

a written statement that shows the assets and liabilities of a company at a specific point in time

balanço patrimonial, demonstração da situação financeira

a tax on the profit a corporation or an individual makes from selling shares or properties

imposto sobre ganhos de capital, imposto sobre lucros de capital

(economics) a decrease in the amount of money in an economy, resulting in falling or unchanged prices

deflação

a period of 12 months based on which a company, government or individual does financial reporting or budgeting

ano fiscal, exercício financeiro

a fundamental principle that should be followed in order to achieve success

regra de ouro, princípio fundamental

a tax paid to the government each year by a business or an individual based on their income

imposto de renda, imposto sobre a renda

any item of value that can be sold easily or the amount of cash available to a company

ativos líquidos, fundos disponíveis

(economics) the branch of economics that is concerned with the market behavior of companies and individuals in order to understand their decision-making processes

microeconomia

(economics) the branch of economics that studies an economy or market system at a general level and deals with the interrelation of different sectors

macroeconomia

(economics) a market structure in which only a few competitors are involved but none of them have the overall control

oligopólio, estrutura de oligopólio

(economics) an amount or share that each individual is entitled to receive

quota, parte

a natural or legal person that owns at least one share in a company

acionista

a country with stable economy that offers foreigners zero or near zero tax rates

paraíso fiscal, refúgio fiscal

an investing company that facilitates investment in various businesses and provides profits paid directly to each unit owner

fundo de investimento, fundos unitários

a tax put on the value added to a product at each stage of the supply chain, affecting the final price which the consumer pays

imposto sobre o valor acrescentado, IVA

the total amount of something that is produced, as in agriculture or an industry

rendimento, produção

the money that is put into a business or financial activity to gain profit

investimento, aplicação

the sum of money that is available to a person, an organization, etc. for a particular purpose and the plan according to which it will be spent

orçamento, plano de gastos

the type or system of money that is used by a country

moeda, divisa

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

despencar, colapsar

(economics) an amount of money that is put into a bank account

depósito, aplicação

(usually plural) a property or an item of value that a company owns and can sell to pay its debts

ativo, bem

the act of managing large sums of money, especially by governments or corporations

finanças, gestão financeira

money or property owned by a person or company that is used for investment or starting a business

capital, fundos

the spending of public funds provided from borrowing rather than taxation, done by a government in order to stimulate the economy

gasto deficitário, despesa pública em déficit

a time of little economic activity and high unemployment, which lasts for a long time

depressão, crise econômica

the amount of money that one has kept for future use, especially in a bank

poupança, savings

the sum of money that is gained after all expenses and taxes are paid

lucro, ganho

a financial measure that indicates a company's profit in relation to each outstanding share of common stock

lucro por ação, EPS

a period of six months, especially used in financial contexts

semestre, meio ano

a bank account that has two or more owners

conta conjunta, conta compartilhada

the value of a company's assets minus its liabilities, divided by the number of outstanding shares

valor líquido de ativos, valor patrimonial líquido

(economics) an interest rate that is adjusted in a way that removes the effects of inflation

taxa de juro real, taxa de juro ajustada pela inflação

(economics) a company's inability to achieve maximum output from the input due to imperfect competition

x-eficiência, ineficiência x

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

mercadoria, produto básico