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IELTS のための語彙 (アカデミック) - Economics

IELTS試験に必要な「デフレ」「寡占」「予算」などの経済に関する英単語を学びます。

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Words for Academic IELTS
account

an arrangement according to which a bank keeps and protects someone's money that can be taken out or added to

口座, 銀行口座

口座, 銀行口座

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[名詞]
balance sheet

a written statement that shows the assets and liabilities of a company at a specific point in time

貸借対照表, バランスシート

貸借対照表, バランスシート

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[名詞]
capital gains tax

a tax on the profit a corporation or an individual makes from selling shares or properties

キャピタルゲイン税, 資本利益税

キャピタルゲイン税, 資本利益税

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[名詞]
deflation

(economics) a decrease in the amount of money in an economy, resulting in falling or unchanged prices

デフレーション

デフレーション

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[名詞]
fiscal year

a period of 12 months based on which a company, government or individual does financial reporting or budgeting

会計年度, 財政年度

会計年度, 財政年度

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[名詞]
golden rule

a fundamental principle that should be followed in order to achieve success

黄金律, 基本原則

黄金律, 基本原則

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[名詞]
income tax

a tax paid to the government each year by a business or an individual based on their income

所得税, 収入税

所得税, 収入税

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[名詞]
liquid assets

any item of value that can be sold easily or the amount of cash available to a company

流動資産, 現金の額

流動資産, 現金の額

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[名詞]
microeconomics

(economics) the branch of economics that is concerned with the market behavior of companies and individuals in order to understand their decision-making processes

ミクロ経済学

ミクロ経済学

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[名詞]
macroeconomics

(economics) the branch of economics that studies an economy or market system at a general level and deals with the interrelation of different sectors

マクロ経済学

マクロ経済学

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[名詞]
oligopoly

(economics) a market structure in which only a few competitors are involved but none of them have the overall control

寡占, オリゴポリー

寡占, オリゴポリー

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[名詞]
quota

(economics) an amount or share that each individual is entitled to receive

クォータ, 割り当て

クォータ, 割り当て

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[名詞]
shareholder

a natural or legal person that owns at least one share in a company

株主

株主

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[名詞]
tax haven

a country with stable economy that offers foreigners zero or near zero tax rates

タックスヘイブン, 税金避難所

タックスヘイブン, 税金避難所

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[名詞]
unit trust

an investing company that facilitates investment in various businesses and provides profits paid directly to each unit owner

ユニットトラスト, 投資信託

ユニットトラスト, 投資信託

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[名詞]
value-added tax

a tax put on the value added to a product at each stage of the supply chain, affecting the final price which the consumer pays

付加価値税, VAT

付加価値税, VAT

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[名詞]
yield

the total amount of something that is produced, as in agriculture or an industry

収穫量, 生産量

収穫量, 生産量

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[名詞]
investment

the money that is put into a business or financial activity to gain profit

投資, 資金投入

投資, 資金投入

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[名詞]
budget

the sum of money that is available to a person, an organization, etc. for a particular purpose and the plan according to which it will be spent

予算, 支出計画

予算, 支出計画

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[名詞]
currency

the type or system of money that is used by a country

通貨, 貨幣

通貨, 貨幣

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[名詞]
to crash

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

崩壊する, 暴落する

崩壊する, 暴落する

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[動詞]
deposit

(economics) an amount of money that is put into a bank account

預金, デポジット

預金, デポジット

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[名詞]
asset

(usually plural) a property or an item of value that a company owns and can sell to pay its debts

資産, アセット

資産, アセット

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[名詞]
finance

the act of managing large sums of money, especially by governments or corporations

財務, ファイナンス管理

財務, ファイナンス管理

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[名詞]
capital

money or property owned by a person or company that is used for investment or starting a business

資本, キャピタル

資本, キャピタル

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[名詞]
deficit spending

the spending of public funds provided from borrowing rather than taxation, done by a government in order to stimulate the economy

赤字支出, ディフィシット支出

赤字支出, ディフィシット支出

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[名詞]
depression

a time of little economic activity and high unemployment, which lasts for a long time

不況, 経済危機

不況, 経済危機

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[名詞]
savings

the amount of money that one has kept for future use, especially in a bank

貯金, savings

貯金, savings

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[名詞]
profit

the sum of money that is gained after all expenses and taxes are paid

利益, プロフィット

利益, プロフィット

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[名詞]
EPS

a financial measure that indicates a company's profit in relation to each outstanding share of common stock

1株当たり利益, EPS

1株当たり利益, EPS

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[名詞]
half year

a period of six months, especially used in financial contexts

半年, 六か月

半年, 六か月

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[名詞]
joint account

a bank account that has two or more owners

共同口座, 共用口座

共同口座, 共用口座

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[名詞]
net asset value

the value of a company's assets minus its liabilities, divided by the number of outstanding shares

純資産価値, ネットアセットバリュー

純資産価値, ネットアセットバリュー

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[名詞]
real interest rate

(economics) an interest rate that is adjusted in a way that removes the effects of inflation

実質金利, インフレ調整後の金利

実質金利, インフレ調整後の金利

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[名詞]
x-efficiency

(economics) a company's inability to achieve maximum output from the input due to imperfect competition

x-効率性, x-非効率

x-効率性, x-非効率

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[名詞]
commodity

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

商品, コモディティ

商品, コモディティ

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[名詞]
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