Vocabulario para IELTS (académico) - Economics

an arrangement according to which a bank keeps and protects someone's money that can be taken out or added to

cuenta

a written statement that shows the assets and liabilities of a company at a specific point in time

balance general

a tax on the profit a corporation or an individual makes from selling shares or properties

impuesto sobre las ganancias de capital

(economics) a decrease in the amount of money in an economy, resulting in falling or unchanged prices

deflación

a period of 12 months based on which a company, government or individual does financial reporting or budgeting

año fiscal

a fundamental principle that should be followed in order to achieve success

regla de oro

a tax paid to the government each year by a business or an individual based on their income

impuesto sobre la renta

any item of value that can be sold easily or the amount of cash available to a company

activos líquidos

(economics) the branch of economics that is concerned with the market behavior of companies and individuals in order to understand their decision-making processes

microeconomía

(economics) the branch of economics that studies an economy or market system at a general level and deals with the interrelation of different sectors

macroeconomía

(economics) a market structure in which only a few competitors are involved but none of them have the overall control

oligopolio

(economics) an amount or share that each individual is entitled to receive

cuota

a natural or legal person that owns at least one share in a company

accionista

a country with stable economy that offers foreigners zero or near zero tax rates

paraíso fiscal

an investing company that facilitates investment in various businesses and provides profits paid directly to each unit owner

fondo de inversión

a tax put on the value added to a product at each stage of the supply chain, affecting the final price which the consumer pays

impuesto al valor agregado

the total amount of something that is produced, as in agriculture or an industry

rendimiento

the money that is put into a business or financial activity to gain profit

inversión

the sum of money that is available to a person, an organization, etc. for a particular purpose and the plan according to which it will be spent

presupuesto

the type or system of money that is used by a country

moneda

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

colapsar

(economics) an amount of money that is put into a bank account

depósito

(usually plural) a property or an item of value that a company owns and can sell to pay its debts

activo

the act of managing large sums of money, especially by governments or corporations

finanzas

money or property owned by a person or company that is used for investment or starting a business

capital

the spending of public funds provided from borrowing rather than taxation, done by a government in order to stimulate the economy

gasto deficitario

a time of little economic activity and high unemployment, which lasts for a long time

depresión

the amount of money that one has kept for future use, especially in a bank

ahorros

the sum of money that is gained after all expenses and taxes are paid

beneficio

a financial measure that indicates a company's profit in relation to each outstanding share of common stock

beneficio por acción

a period of six months, especially used in financial contexts

semestre

a bank account that has two or more owners

cuenta conjunta

the value of a company's assets minus its liabilities, divided by the number of outstanding shares

valor neto de los activos

(economics) an interest rate that is adjusted in a way that removes the effects of inflation

tasa de interés real

(economics) a company's inability to achieve maximum output from the input due to imperfect competition

x-eficiencia

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

mercancía