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Slovní Zásoba pro IELTS (Akademická) - Economics

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o ekonomii, jako je "deflace", "oligopol", "rozpočet" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
account
account
[Podstatné jméno]

an arrangement according to which a bank keeps and protects someone's money that can be taken out or added to

účet, bankovní účet

účet, bankovní účet

Ex: Sarah opened a savings account at the local bank to start saving for her future. 
balance sheet
balance sheet
[Podstatné jméno]

a written statement that shows the assets and liabilities of a company at a specific point in time

rozvaha, účetní bilance

rozvaha, účetní bilance

capital gains tax
capital gains tax
[Podstatné jméno]

a tax on the profit a corporation or an individual makes from selling shares or properties

daň z kapitálových výnosů, daň z příjmů kapitálového charakteru

daň z kapitálových výnosů, daň z příjmů kapitálového charakteru

deflation
deflation
[Podstatné jméno]

(economics) a decrease in the amount of money in an economy, resulting in falling or unchanged prices

deflace

deflace

fiscal year
fiscal year
[Podstatné jméno]

a period of 12 months based on which a company, government or individual does financial reporting or budgeting

fiskální rok, rozpočtový rok

fiskální rok, rozpočtový rok

golden rule
golden rule
[Podstatné jméno]

a fundamental principle that should be followed in order to achieve success

zlaté pravidlo, základní princip

zlaté pravidlo, základní princip

income tax
income tax
[Podstatné jméno]

a tax paid to the government each year by a business or an individual based on their income

daň z příjmu, příjmová daň

daň z příjmu, příjmová daň

liquid assets
liquid assets
[Podstatné jméno]

any item of value that can be sold easily or the amount of cash available to a company

likvidní aktiva, realizovatelné hodnoty

likvidní aktiva, realizovatelné hodnoty

microeconomics
microeconomics
[Podstatné jméno]

(economics) the branch of economics that is concerned with the market behavior of companies and individuals in order to understand their decision-making processes

mikroekonomie, mikro-ekonomie

mikroekonomie, mikro-ekonomie

macroeconomics
macroeconomics
[Podstatné jméno]

(economics) the branch of economics that studies an economy or market system at a general level and deals with the interrelation of different sectors

makroekonomie, obecná ekonomie

makroekonomie, obecná ekonomie

oligopoly
oligopoly
[Podstatné jméno]

(economics) a market structure in which only a few competitors are involved but none of them have the overall control

oligopol, tržní struktura s několika konkurenty

oligopol, tržní struktura s několika konkurenty

quota
quota
[Podstatné jméno]

(economics) an amount or share that each individual is entitled to receive

kvóta, podíl

kvóta, podíl

shareholder
shareholder
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural or legal person that owns at least one share in a company

akcionář, majitel podílů

akcionář, majitel podílů

tax haven
tax haven
[Podstatné jméno]

a country with stable economy that offers foreigners zero or near zero tax rates

daňový ráj, daňový úkryt

daňový ráj, daňový úkryt

unit trust
unit trust
[Podstatné jméno]

an investing company that facilitates investment in various businesses and provides profits paid directly to each unit owner

investiční fond, unit trust

investiční fond, unit trust

value-added tax
value-added tax
[Podstatné jméno]

a tax put on the value added to a product at each stage of the supply chain, affecting the final price which the consumer pays

daň z přidané hodnoty

daň z přidané hodnoty

yield
yield
[Podstatné jméno]

the total amount of something that is produced, as in agriculture or an industry

výnos,  produkce

výnos, produkce

Ex: The annual yield of the wheat fields surpassed expectations, resulting in a plentiful harvest. 
investment
investment
[Podstatné jméno]

the money that is put into a business or financial activity to gain profit

investice

investice

Ex: She made an investment in stocks that paid off handsomely over the years. 
budget
budget
[Podstatné jméno]

a specific amount of money set aside for a particular use

rozpočet, rozpočtová položka

rozpočet, rozpočtová položka

Ex: The project has a strict budget for equipment. 
currency
currency
[Podstatné jméno]

the type or system of money that is used by a country

měna, devizy

měna, devizy

Ex: The euro is the official currency of many countries in the European Union. 
to crash
to crash
[sloveso]

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

zhroutit se, propadnout

zhroutit se, propadnout

Ex: The stock market crashed, wiping out billions in a matter of hours. 
deposit
deposit
[Podstatné jméno]

money placed in a bank or financial institution

vklad, vložka

vklad, vložka

Ex: He made a deposit of $500 into his savings account. 
asset
asset
[Podstatné jméno]

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

aktivum, cenný zdroj

aktivum, cenný zdroj

Ex: Real estate is considered a valuable asset due to its potential for long-term appreciation and rental income. 
finance
finance
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of managing large sums of money, especially by governments or corporations

finance, finanční řízení

finance, finanční řízení

Ex: Poor finance planning led to the company's bankruptcy. 
capital
capital
[Podstatné jméno]

assets used to generate more assets, especially in business or production

kapitál, fond

kapitál, fond

Ex: The company invested capital in new machinery. 
deficit spending
deficit spending
[Podstatné jméno]

the spending of public funds provided from borrowing rather than taxation, done by a government in order to stimulate the economy

deficitní výdaje, deficitní financování

deficitní výdaje, deficitní financování

depression
depression
[Podstatné jméno]

a time of little economic activity and high unemployment, which lasts for a long time

deprese, hospodářská krize

deprese, hospodářská krize

Ex: The Great Depression of the 1930s saw widespread unemployment and severe economic hardship. 
savings
savings
[Podstatné jméno]

the amount of money that one has kept for future use, especially in a bank

úspory, spoření

úspory, spoření

Ex: She diligently set aside a portion of her income each month to contribute to her savings account. 
profit
profit
[Podstatné jméno]

the sum of money that is gained after all expenses and taxes are paid

zisk,  výnos

zisk, výnos

Ex: The company reported a significant profit for the fiscal year, reflecting efficient operations and strong sales. 
EPS
EPS
[Podstatné jméno]

a financial measure that indicates a company's profit in relation to each outstanding share of common stock

EPS (Zisk na akcii), Výnos na akcii

EPS (Zisk na akcii), Výnos na akcii

half year
half year
[Podstatné jméno]

a period of six months, especially used in financial contexts

půlrok, půl roku

půlrok, půl roku

joint account
joint account
[Podstatné jméno]

a bank account that has two or more owners

společný účet

společný účet

net asset value
net asset value
[Podstatné jméno]

the value of a company's assets minus its liabilities, divided by the number of outstanding shares

čistá hodnota aktiv, čistá hodnota majetku

čistá hodnota aktiv, čistá hodnota majetku

Ex: The mutual fund's net asset value (NAV) is calculated at the end of each trading day, reflecting the total value of its assets minus liabilities. 
real interest rate
real interest rate
[Podstatné jméno]

(economics) an interest rate that is adjusted in a way that removes the effects of inflation

reálná úroková sazba, úroková sazba očištěná o inflaci

reálná úroková sazba, úroková sazba očištěná o inflaci

x-efficiency
x-efficiency
[Podstatné jméno]

(economics) a company's inability to achieve maximum output from the input due to imperfect competition

x-efektivita, efektivita-x

x-efektivita, efektivita-x

commodity
commodity
[Podstatné jméno]

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

zboží, surovina

zboží, surovina

Ex: Oil has long been a highly valued commodity on the global market, influencing economies and politics. 
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