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Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le GRE - La Société

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur la société, tels que "strate", "ethnicité", "caste", etc., nécessaires pour l'examen GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum
[nom]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

classe, strate

classe, strate

Ex: The political party gained support from the working-class stratum.Le parti politique a gagné le soutien de la **strate** de la classe ouvrière.

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

acculturation

acculturation

Ex: Cultural festivals serve as platforms for acculturation, where people from different backgrounds share and celebrate their customs .Les festivals culturels servent de plateformes pour **l'acculturation**, où des personnes d'horizons différents partagent et célèbrent leurs coutumes.

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

apartheid

apartheid

Ex: He wrote a book detailing his experiences growing up under apartheid.Il a écrit un livre détaillant ses expériences en grandissant sous l'**apartheid**.

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocratie

aristocratie

Ex: The aristocracy opposed many social reforms that threatened their privileges .**L'aristocratie** s'est opposée à de nombreuses réformes sociales qui menaçaient leurs privilèges.

the society's middle class

bourgeoisie

bourgeoisie

Ex: The revolutionaries aimed to overthrow the bourgeoisie and establish a more equitable society .Les révolutionnaires visaient à renverser la **bourgeoisie** et à établir une société plus équitable.
class-conscious
[Adjectif]

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

conscient des classes, sensibilisé aux hiérarchies sociales

conscient des classes, sensibilisé aux hiérarchies sociales

Ex: He grew up in a class-conscious environment , aware of the differences in social classes .Il a grandi dans un environnement **conscient des classes**, conscient des différences entre les classes sociales.
hierarchical
[Adjectif]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

hiérarchique

hiérarchique

Ex: The military operates on a hierarchical chain of command , with officers giving orders to subordinates .L'armée fonctionne sur une chaîne de commandement **hiérarchique**, les officiers donnant des ordres aux subordonnés.

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

segment démographique

segment démographique

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a specific demographic.Les entreprises adaptent souvent leurs produits pour plaire à une **démographique** spécifique.

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

origine ethnique, appartenance ethnique

origine ethnique, appartenance ethnique

Ex: The festival showcases music , food , and art from various ethnicities around the world .Le festival met en valeur la musique, la nourriture et l'art de diverses **ethnies** du monde entier.

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

strict minimum

strict minimum

Ex: The family struggled to maintain subsistence on their small farm .La famille a lutté pour maintenir la **subsistance** sur leur petite ferme.

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

grand patron

grand patron

Ex: During the empire , the emperor was considered the ultimate overlord.Pendant l'empire, l'empereur était considéré comme le **suzerain** ultime.
polity
[nom]

a political organization of a group of people with a shared identity that is part of a larger political system itself

polité, organisation politique

polité, organisation politique

Ex: The European Union is a supranational polity composed of member states that have agreed to share sovereignty in certain areas of governance .L'Union européenne est une **entité politique** supranationale composée d'États membres qui ont accepté de partager leur souveraineté dans certains domaines de gouvernance.

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

ségréger, séparer

ségréger, séparer

Ex: The university came under scrutiny for segregating students into separate dormitories based on their ethnicity .L'université a fait l'objet d'un examen minutieux pour avoir **séparé** les étudiants dans des dortoirs distincts en fonction de leur ethnicité.
caste
[nom]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

caste, classe sociale

caste, classe sociale

Ex: Efforts to address caste-based discrimination require legislative measures, educational reforms, and social awareness campaigns to promote equality and inclusivity.Les efforts pour lutter contre la discrimination fondée sur la **caste** nécessitent des mesures législatives, des réformes éducatives et des campagnes de sensibilisation sociale pour promouvoir l'égalité et l'inclusivité.

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

partisan de l'idéologie de la suprématie raciale

partisan de l'idéologie de la suprématie raciale

Ex: The supremacist's rhetoric fueled division and conflict in the community .La rhétorique du **suprémaciste** a alimenté la division et les conflits dans la communauté.

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

asile politique

asile politique

Ex: The government granted political asylum to the journalist who fled from a repressive regime .Le gouvernement a accordé l'**asile politique** au journaliste qui a fui un régime répressif.

a person who gives money or support to help others

bienfaiteur, bienfaitrice

bienfaiteur, bienfaitrice

Ex: She wrote a letter to her benefactor, expressing her appreciation for the support .Elle a écrit une lettre à son **bienfaiteur**, exprimant sa gratitude pour le soutien.

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

lutte des classes

lutte des classes

Ex: The activist spoke about the ongoing class struggle in modern urban environments .L'activiste a parlé de la **lutte des classes** en cours dans les environnements urbains modernes.

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

expulsion

expulsion

Ex: Despite living in the country for years , he faced deportation after being convicted of a serious crime .Malgré des années passées dans le pays, il a été confronté à une **expulsion** après avoir été reconnu coupable d'un crime grave.

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discrimination

discrimination

Ex: She spoke out against discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .Elle s'est prononcée contre la **discrimination** après avoir été témoin d'un traitement injuste envers ses collègues.

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

déplacer

déplacer

Ex: The wildfire raging through the forest threatened to displace residents in nearby towns .L'incendie de forêt qui faisait rage menaçait de **déplacer** les résidents des villes voisines.
elite
[nom]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

élite

élite

Ex: He aspired to join the intellectual elite of the academic world .Il aspirait à rejoindre l'**élite** intellectuelle du monde universitaire.

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homophobie

homophobie

Ex: The school 's new policy addresses and seeks to reduce homophobia.La nouvelle politique de l'école aborde et cherche à réduire l'**homophobie**.

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

appauvrir

appauvrir

Ex: By the time the reforms were introduced , the region had already been impoverished.Au moment où les réformes ont été introduites, la région avait déjà été **appauvrie**.
indigent
[Adjectif]

extremely poor or in need

indigent

indigent

Ex: The nonprofit organization aimed to provide support and resources for the indigent community.L'organisation à but non lucratif visait à fournir un soutien et des ressources à la communauté **indigente**.
intersectional
[Adjectif]

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

intersectionnel

intersectionnel

Ex: Intersectional feminism looks at how various forms of oppression intersect .Le féminisme **intersectionnel** examine comment diverses formes d'oppression se croisent.

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginaliser

marginaliser

Ex: By marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .En **marginalisant** les perspectives diverses, nous limitons notre capacité à traiter efficacement les problèmes sociaux complexes.

to admit a foreigner as an official citizen in a country

naturaliser

naturaliser

Ex: The family eagerly awaited their turn to be naturalized, excited to officially become citizens of their new country and fully participate in its democratic process .La famille attendait avec impatience son tour d'être **naturalisée**, excitée à l'idée de devenir officiellement citoyenne de son nouveau pays et de participer pleinement à son processus démocratique.
parity
[nom]

a state in which two or more things are equal

parité, égalité

parité, égalité

Ex: They discussed ways to achieve parity in funding for rural and urban schools .Ils ont discuté des moyens d'atteindre la **parité** dans le financement des écoles rurales et urbaines.
penury
[nom]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

extrême pauvreté, misère

extrême pauvreté, misère

Ex: The sudden loss of his job pushed him into a state of penury.La perte soudaine de son emploi l'a plongé dans un état de **pénurie**.

the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

discrimination positive, action positive

discrimination positive, action positive

Ex: The scholarship program was an example of positive discrimination to support minority students .Le programme de bourses était un exemple de **discrimination positive** pour soutenir les étudiants issus des minorités.

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

système de quotas

système de quotas

Ex: The quota system ensures that immigration levels remain manageable .Le **système de quotas** garantit que les niveaux d'immigration restent gérables.

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

propriétaire de taudis, marchand de sommeil

propriétaire de taudis, marchand de sommeil

Ex: After years of neglect , the government intervened and forced the slumlord to improve the living conditions of their tenants or face legal consequences .Après des années de négligence, le gouvernement est intervenu et a forcé le **propriétaire insalubre** à améliorer les conditions de vie de ses locataires ou à faire face à des conséquences juridiques.

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

conscience sociale, sens social

conscience sociale, sens social

Ex: The film highlighted the importance of having a social conscience in addressing inequality .Le film a mis en évidence l'importance d'avoir une **conscience sociale** pour lutter contre les inégalités.
bigotry
[nom]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

sectarisme, intolérance

sectarisme, intolérance

Ex: They worked hard to challenge the bigotry that was prevalent in their society .Ils ont travaillé dur pour contester **l'intolérance** qui était répandue dans leur société.
unrest
[nom]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

agitation, troubles

agitation, troubles

Ex: The rise in fuel prices caused unrest among the workers .La hausse des prix du carburant a provoqué de **l'agitation** parmi les travailleurs.
Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le GRE
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