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Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le GRE - La Société

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur la société, tels que "strate", "ethnicité", "caste", etc., nécessaires pour l'examen GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum
stratum
[nom]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

classe, strate

classe, strate

Ex: She belonged to a stratum with a high level of education. 

Elle appartenait à un stratum avec un niveau d'éducation élevé.

acculturation

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

acculturation

acculturation

Ex: Acculturation often occurs in multicultural urban environments, where diverse communities interact and influence each other. 

Acculturation se produit souvent dans des environnements urbains multiculturels, où des communautés diverses interagissent et s'influencent mutuellement.

apartheid

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

apartheid

apartheid

Ex: She studied the impact of apartheid on the nation's economy. 

Elle a étudié l'impact de l'apartheid sur l'économie de la nation.

aristocracy

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocratie

aristocratie

Ex: Throughout history, the aristocracy has held significant political power. 

Aristocratie a détenu un pouvoir politique significatif tout au long de l'histoire.

bourgeoisie

the society's middle class

bourgeoisie

bourgeoisie

Ex: Marx's critique of capitalism focused on the bourgeoisie and their relationship with the proletariat. 

La critique du capitalisme par Marx était centrée sur la bourgeoisie et sa relation avec le prolétariat.

class-conscious
class-conscious
[Adjectif]

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

conscient des classes, sensibilisé aux hiérarchies sociales

conscient des classes, sensibilisé aux hiérarchies sociales

Ex: Living in a class-conscious society, he felt pressure to conform to social norms. 

Vivant dans une société consciente des classes, il ressentait une pression à se conformer aux normes sociales.

hierarchical
hierarchical
[Adjectif]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

hiérarchique

hiérarchique

Ex: In a hierarchical society, social status often determines one's access to resources and opportunities. 

Dans une société hiérarchique, le statut social détermine souvent l'accès aux ressources et aux opportunités.

demographic

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

segment démographique

segment démographique

Ex: Researchers are studying the spending habits of this particular demographic. 

Les chercheurs étudient les habitudes de dépenses de cette démographie particulière.

ethnicity

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

origine ethnique, appartenance ethnique

origine ethnique, appartenance ethnique

Ex: She takes pride in her ethnicity and loves sharing her cultural traditions. 

Elle est fière de son ethnicité et adore partager ses traditions culturelles.

subsistence

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

strict minimum

strict minimum

Ex: Many people in the rural area rely on fishing for their subsistence. 

Beaucoup de gens dans les zones rurales dépendent de la pêche pour leur subsistance.

overlord

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

grand patron

grand patron

Ex: The king was seen as the overlord of the entire kingdom. 

Le roi était considéré comme le suzerain de tout le royaume.

polity
polity
[nom]

the specific form or system of government of a society or institution

polity, système de gouvernement

polity, système de gouvernement

Ex: The nation's polity shifted from monarchy to republic. 

Le régime politique de la nation est passé de la monarchie à la république.

to segregate

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

ségréger, séparer

ségréger, séparer

Ex: In the past, certain schools in the region segregated students based on race. 

Dans le passé, certaines écoles de la région ségrégeaient les élèves en fonction de leur race.

caste
caste
[nom]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

caste, classe sociale

caste, classe sociale

Ex: Caste discrimination remains a significant issue in many parts of the world, leading to social inequalities and injustices. 

La discrimination de caste reste un problème majeur dans de nombreuses parties du monde, entraînant des inégalités et des injustices sociales.

supremacist

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

partisan de l'idéologie de la suprématie raciale

partisan de l'idéologie de la suprématie raciale

Ex: The supremacist's beliefs were deeply rooted in racial intolerance. 

Les croyances du suprémaciste étaient profondément enracinées dans l'intolérance raciale.

political asylum

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

asile politique

asile politique

Ex: His application for political asylum was approved after a thorough review. 

Sa demande d'asile politique a été approuvée après un examen approfondi.

benefactor

a person who gives money or support to help others

bienfaiteur, bienfaitrice

bienfaiteur, bienfaitrice

Ex: She was grateful for the benefactor who funded her scholarship. 

Elle était reconnaissante envers le bienfaiteur qui a financé sa bourse.

class struggle

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

lutte des classes

lutte des classes

Ex: Marxist theory focuses on the dynamics of class struggle and its impact on social change. 

La théorie marxiste se concentre sur la dynamique de la lutte des classes et son impact sur le changement social.

deportation

the expulsion of a non-citizen or foreigner from a country, often for being undesirable or violating laws

expulsion

expulsion

Ex: Her deportation followed repeated violations of visa regulations. 

Expulsion a suivi des violations répétées des règlements sur les visas.

discrimination

the unfair treatment of a person or group based on characteristics such as race, sex, age, or religion

discrimination

discrimination

Ex: Federal law prohibits certain forms of employment discrimination. 
to displace

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

déplacer

déplacer

Ex: Natural disasters such as hurricanes and floods have the power to displace entire communities. 

Les catastrophes naturelles telles que les ouragans et les inondations ont le pouvoir de déplacer des communautés entières.

elite
elite
[nom]

a small group considered the most powerful, successful, skilled, or privileged within a society or organization

élite

élite

Ex: Only a small economic elite could afford homes in the district. 
homophobia

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homophobie

homophobie

Ex: She spoke out against the homophobia she experienced at work. 

Elle s'est prononcée contre l'homophobie qu'elle a vécue au travail.

to impoverish

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

appauvrir

appauvrir

Ex: Poor policies can impoverish a country by draining its resources. 

Les mauvaises politiques peuvent appauvrir un pays en épuisant ses ressources.

indigent
indigent
[Adjectif]

extremely poor or in need

indigent

indigent

Ex: The indigent family lived in a shelter provided by the local charity. 

La famille indigente vivait dans un abri fourni par une œuvre caritative locale.

intersectional
intersectional
[Adjectif]

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

intersectionnel

intersectionnel

Ex: The policy aimed to consider intersectional factors in its approach to social justice. 

La politique visait à prendre en compte des facteurs intersectionnels dans son approche de la justice sociale.

to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginaliser

marginaliser

Ex: People of color are often marginalized in mainstream media, leading to underrepresentation and stereotypes. 

Les personnes de couleur sont souvent marginalisées dans les médias grand public, ce qui conduit à une sous-représentation et à des stéréotypes.

to naturalize

to grant citizenship to a foreigner

naturaliser

naturaliser

Ex: The government decided to naturalize several refugees who had lived in the country for over five years. 

Le gouvernement a décidé de naturaliser plusieurs réfugiés qui vivaient dans le pays depuis plus de cinq ans.

parity
parity
[nom]

a state in which two or more things are equal

parité, égalité

parité, égalité

Ex: The financial agreement seeks to establish parity between the two partner organizations. 

L'accord financier cherche à établir une parité entre les deux organisations partenaires.

penury
penury
[nom]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

extrême pauvreté, misère

extrême pauvreté, misère

Ex: The novel portrays the harsh reality of life in penury. 

Le roman dépeint la dure réalité de la vie dans la pénurie.

positive discrimination

the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

discrimination positive, action positive

discrimination positive, action positive

Ex: She supported positive discrimination as a way to correct systemic biases. 

Elle a soutenu la discrimination positive comme un moyen de corriger les biais systémiques.

quota system

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

système de quotas

système de quotas

Ex: The new quota system limited the annual number of visas issued. 

Le nouveau système de quotas a limité le nombre annuel de visas délivrés.

slumlord

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

propriétaire de taudis, marchand de sommeil

propriétaire de taudis, marchand de sommeil

Ex: Despite numerous complaints from residents, the slumlord refused to make necessary repairs to the rundown apartment building. 

Malgré de nombreuses plaintes des résidents, le propriétaire véreux a refusé de faire les réparations nécessaires à l'immeuble délabré.

social conscience

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

conscience sociale, sens social

conscience sociale, sens social

Ex: He felt a deep social conscience, driving him to advocate for workers' rights. 

Il ressentait une conscience sociale profonde, ce qui le poussait à défendre les droits des travailleurs.

bigotry
bigotry
[nom]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

sectarisme, intolérance

sectarisme, intolérance

Ex: She spoke out against the bigotry that was affecting the workplace environment. 

Elle s'est prononcée contre l'intolérance qui affectait l'environnement de travail.

unrest
unrest
[nom]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

agitation, troubles

agitation, troubles

Ex: Economic hardships led to increasing unrest among the population. 

Les difficultés économiques ont conduit à une augmentation des troubles parmi la population.

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