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Необходимый Словарный Запас для GRE - Общество

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова о обществе, такие как "слой", "этническая принадлежность", "каста" и т.д., которые необходимы для экзамена GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum
stratum
[существительное]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

слой

слой

Ex: The study focused on the middle-income stratum of society. 
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acculturation
acculturation
[существительное]

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

аккультурация

аккультурация

Ex: The immigrant community experienced acculturation as they integrated aspects of the host country's culture into their own traditions. 
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apartheid
apartheid
[существительное]

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

апартеид

апартеид

Ex: Activists fought tirelessly to end apartheid and achieve equality. 
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aristocracy
aristocracy
[существительное]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

аристократия

аристократия

Ex: The event was attended by members of the aristocracy in elegant attire. 
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bourgeoisie
bourgeoisie
[существительное]

the society's middle class

буржуазия

буржуазия

Ex: The bourgeoisie in the 19th century played a significant role in shaping economic and social structures. 
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class-conscious
class-conscious
[прилагательное]

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

классово сознательный

классово сознательный

Ex: The students were very class-conscious, often discussing social status. 
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hierarchical
hierarchical
[прилагательное]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

иерархический

иерархический

Ex: The hierarchical structure of the organization ensures clear lines of authority and responsibility. 
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demographic
demographic
[существительное]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

демографическая группа

демографическая группа

Ex: The new marketing strategy aims to target a younger demographic. 
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ethnicity
ethnicity
[существительное]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

этничность, нация

этничность, нация

Ex: The census form asked respondents to indicate their ethnicity. 
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subsistence
subsistence
[существительное]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

пропитание

пропитание

Ex: The workers earned barely enough for subsisten 
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overlord
overlord
[существительное]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

повелитель

повелитель

Ex: The medieval lord acted as an overlord over the neighboring villages. 
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polity
polity
[существительное]

the specific form or system of government of a society or institution

государственное устройство

государственное устройство

Ex: The church adopted a new polity emphasizing local autonomy. 
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to segregate
to segregate
[глагол]

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

разделять

разделять

Ex: The organization's membership criteria segregate individuals based on their religious beliefs. 
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caste
caste
[существительное]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

каста

каста

Ex: The caste system in India historically divided society into hierarchical groups based on birth, occupation, and social status. 
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supremacist
supremacist
[существительное]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

сторонник превосходства

сторонник превосходства

Ex: Authorities arrested a supremacist who was spreading hate speech online. 
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political asylum
political asylum
[существительное]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

политическое убежище

политическое убежище

Ex: She sought political asylum after facing persecution in her home country. 
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benefactor
benefactor
[существительное]

a person who gives money or support to help others

благодетель

благодетель

Ex: The charity thanked its generous benefactor at the annual gala. 
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class struggle
class struggle
[существительное]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

классовая борьба

классовая борьба

Ex: The novel explores themes of class struggle in a rapidly industrializing society. 
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deportation
deportation
[существительное]

the expulsion of a non-citizen or foreigner from a country, often for being undesirable or violating laws

депортация

депортация

Ex: The authorities ordered the deportation of illegal immigrants. 
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discrimination
discrimination
[существительное]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

дискриминация

дискриминация

Ex: The company faced a lawsuit for discrimination against female employees. 
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to displace
to displace
[глагол]

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

перемещать

перемещать

Ex: The conflict in the region has continued to displace thousands of families. 
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elite
elite
[существительное]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

элита

элита

Ex: The elite gathered at the exclusive club for their annual meeting. 
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homophobia
homophobia
[существительное]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

гомофобия

гомофобия

Ex: The campaign aims to raise awareness about the effects of homophobia. 
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to impoverish
to impoverish
[глагол]

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

обеднять

обеднять

Ex: The economic crisis began to impoverish many families in the region. 
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indigent
indigent
[прилагательное]

extremely poor or in need

неимущий

неимущий

Ex: The indigent population relied on government assistance for survival. 
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intersectional
intersectional
[прилагательное]

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

межсекционный

межсекционный

Ex: Her research focused on intersectional issues affecting women of color. 
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to marginalize
to marginalize
[глагол]

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

маргинализировать, изолировать

маргинализировать, изолировать

Ex: Historically, indigenous communities have been marginalized and deprived of their land rights. 
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to naturalize
to naturalize
[глагол]

to grant citizenship to a foreigner

получать гражданство

получать гражданство

Ex: He was naturalized after passing the citizenship exam. 
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parity
parity
[существительное]

a state in which two or more things are equal

равенство

равенство

Ex: The company aims to achieve parity in salaries between male and female employees. 
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penury
penury
[существительное]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

нищета, нужда

нищета, нужда

Ex: He grew up in penury, struggling to meet basic needs. 
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positive discrimination
positive discrimination
[существительное]

the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

позитивная дискриминация

позитивная дискриминация

Ex: The company implemented positive discrimination to improve diversity in hiring. 
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quota system
quota system
[существительное]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

система квот

система квот

Ex: The government implemented a quota system to control immigration numbers. 
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slumlord
slumlord
[существительное]

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

владелец трущоб

владелец трущоб

Ex: The city cracked down on slumlords who neglected their properties, leaving tenants living in squalor. 
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social conscience
social conscience
[существительное]

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

общественное сознание

общественное сознание

Ex: Her social conscience led her to volunteer at the homeless shelter. 
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bigotry
bigotry
[существительное]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

фанатизм

фанатизм

Ex: The community was shocked by the bigotry expressed in the hateful speech. 
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unrest
unrest
[существительное]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

беспорядки, волнения

беспорядки, волнения

Ex: The government’s decision sparked widespread unrest across the country. 
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