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Vocabolario Essenziale per il GRE - Café Società

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi sulla società, come "strato", "etnia", "casta", ecc., necessarie per l'esame GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum
[sostantivo]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

strato

strato

Ex: The political party gained support from the working-class stratum.Il partito politico ha ottenuto il sostegno dello **strato** della classe operaia.
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acculturation
[sostantivo]

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

acculturazione

acculturazione

Ex: Cultural festivals serve as platforms for acculturation, where people from different backgrounds share and celebrate their customs .I festival culturali servono come piattaforme per **l'acculturazione**, dove persone di diversa estrazione condividono e celebrano le loro usanze.
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apartheid
[sostantivo]

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

apartheid

apartheid

Ex: He wrote a book detailing his experiences growing up under apartheid.Ha scritto un libro che descrive in dettaglio le sue esperienze crescendo sotto l'**apartheid**.
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aristocracy
[sostantivo]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocrazia

aristocrazia

Ex: The aristocracy opposed many social reforms that threatened their privileges .**L'aristocrazia** si oppose a molte riforme sociali che minacciavano i loro privilegi.
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bourgeoisie
[sostantivo]

the society's middle class

borghesia

borghesia

Ex: The revolutionaries aimed to overthrow the bourgeoisie and establish a more equitable society .I rivoluzionari miravano a rovesciare la **borghesia** e a stabilire una società più equa.
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class-conscious
[aggettivo]

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

classe consapevole

classe consapevole

Ex: He grew up in a class-conscious environment , aware of the differences in social classes .È cresciuto in un ambiente **consapevole delle classi**, consapevole delle differenze tra le classi sociali.
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hierarchical
[aggettivo]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

gerarchico

gerarchico

Ex: The military operates on a hierarchical chain of command , with officers giving orders to subordinates .L'esercito opera su una catena di comando **gerarchica**, con ufficiali che impartiscono ordini ai subordinati.
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demographic
[sostantivo]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografico

demografico

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a specific demographic.Le aziende spesso adattano i loro prodotti per attirare un **demografico** specifico.
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ethnicity
[sostantivo]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnia

etnia

Ex: The festival showcases music , food , and art from various ethnicities around the world .Il festival mostra musica, cibo e arte di varie **etnie** di tutto il mondo.
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subsistence
[sostantivo]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

sussistenza

sussistenza

Ex: The family struggled to maintain subsistence on their small farm .La famiglia ha lottato per mantenere la **sussistenza** nella loro piccola fattoria.
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overlord
[sostantivo]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

Signori Supremi

Signori Supremi

Ex: During the empire , the emperor was considered the ultimate overlord.Durante l'impero, l'imperatore era considerato il **signore supremo** definitivo.
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polity
[sostantivo]

a political organization of a group of people with a shared identity that is part of a larger political system itself

politica

politica

Ex: The European Union is a supranational polity composed of member states that have agreed to share sovereignty in certain areas of governance .L'Unione Europea è una **entità politica** sovranazionale composta da stati membri che hanno accettato di condividere la sovranità in determinati ambiti di governo.
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to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

segregare

segregare

Ex: The university came under scrutiny for segregating students into separate dormitories based on their ethnicity .L'università è stata sottoposta a scrutinio per aver **separato** gli studenti in dormitori distinti in base alla loro etnia.
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caste
[sostantivo]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

casta

casta

Ex: Efforts to address caste-based discrimination require legislative measures, educational reforms, and social awareness campaigns to promote equality and inclusivity.Gli sforzi per affrontare la discriminazione basata sulla **casta** richiedono misure legislative, riforme educative e campagne di sensibilizzazione sociale per promuovere l'uguaglianza e l'inclusività.
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supremacist
[sostantivo]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

suprematista

suprematista

Ex: The supremacist's rhetoric fueled division and conflict in the community .La retorica del **suprematista** ha alimentato divisione e conflitto nella comunità.
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political asylum
[sostantivo]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

asilo politico

asilo politico

Ex: The government granted political asylum to the journalist who fled from a repressive regime .Il governo ha concesso l'**asilo politico** al giornalista fuggito da un regime repressivo.
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benefactor
[sostantivo]

a person who gives money or support to help others

benefattore

benefattore

Ex: She wrote a letter to her benefactor, expressing her appreciation for the support .Lei ha scritto una lettera al suo **benefattore**, esprimendo la sua gratitudine per il supporto.
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class struggle
[sostantivo]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

lotta di classe

lotta di classe

Ex: The activist spoke about the ongoing class struggle in modern urban environments .L'attivista ha parlato dell'attuale **lotta di classe** negli ambienti urbani moderni.
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deportation
[sostantivo]

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

deportazione

deportazione

Ex: Despite living in the country for years , he faced deportation after being convicted of a serious crime .Nonostante vivesse nel paese da anni, ha affrontato la **deportazione** dopo essere stato condannato per un crimine grave.
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discrimination
[sostantivo]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discriminazione

discriminazione

Ex: She spoke out against discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .Si è espressa contro la **discriminazione** dopo aver assistito a un trattamento ingiusto dei suoi colleghi.
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to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

spostare

spostare

Ex: The wildfire raging through the forest threatened to displace residents in nearby towns .L'incendio che infuriava nella foresta minacciava di **sfollare** i residenti delle città vicine.
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elite
[sostantivo]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

élite

élite

Ex: He aspired to join the intellectual elite of the academic world .Aspirava a unirsi all'**élite** intellettuale del mondo accademico.
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homophobia
[sostantivo]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

omofobia

omofobia

Ex: The school 's new policy addresses and seeks to reduce homophobia.La nuova politica della scuola affronta e cerca di ridurre l'**omofobia**.
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to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

impoverire

impoverire

Ex: By the time the reforms were introduced , the region had already been impoverished.Quando le riforme furono introdotte, la regione era già stata **impoverita**.
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indigent
[aggettivo]

extremely poor or in need

indigente

indigente

Ex: The nonprofit organization aimed to provide support and resources for the indigent community.L'organizzazione no-profit mirava a fornire supporto e risorse alla comunità **indigente**.
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intersectional
[aggettivo]

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

intersezionale

intersezionale

Ex: Intersectional feminism looks at how various forms of oppression intersect .Il femminismo **intersezionale** esamina come varie forme di oppressione si intersecano.
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to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

emarginare

emarginare

Ex: By marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .**Emarginando** prospettive diverse, limitiamo la nostra capacità di affrontare efficacemente complessi problemi sociali.
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to admit a foreigner as an official citizen in a country

naturalizzare

naturalizzare

Ex: The family eagerly awaited their turn to be naturalized, excited to officially become citizens of their new country and fully participate in its democratic process .La famiglia attendeva con impazienza il suo turno per essere **naturalizzata**, entusiasta di diventare ufficialmente cittadina del nuovo paese e di partecipare pienamente al suo processo democratico.
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parity
[sostantivo]

a state in which two or more things are equal

parità

parità

Ex: They discussed ways to achieve parity in funding for rural and urban schools .Hanno discusso modi per raggiungere la **parità** nel finanziamento delle scuole rurali e urbane.
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penury
[sostantivo]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

penuria

penuria

Ex: The sudden loss of his job pushed him into a state of penury.La perdita improvvisa del lavoro lo ha spinto in uno stato di **indigenza**.
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the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

discriminazione positiva

discriminazione positiva

Ex: The scholarship program was an example of positive discrimination to support minority students .Il programma di borse di studio era un esempio di **discriminazione positiva** per sostenere gli studenti delle minoranze.
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quota system
[sostantivo]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

regime delle quote

regime delle quote

Ex: The quota system ensures that immigration levels remain manageable .Il **sistema di quote** assicura che i livelli di immigrazione rimangano gestibili.
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slumlord
[sostantivo]

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

proprietario di una baraccopoli

proprietario di una baraccopoli

Ex: After years of neglect , the government intervened and forced the slumlord to improve the living conditions of their tenants or face legal consequences .Dopo anni di negligenza, il governo è intervenuto e ha costretto lo **sfruttatore degli slum** a migliorare le condizioni di vita dei suoi inquilini o ad affrontare conseguenze legali.
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social conscience
[sostantivo]

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

coscienza sociale

coscienza sociale

Ex: The film highlighted the importance of having a social conscience in addressing inequality .Il film ha evidenziato l'importanza di avere una **coscienza sociale** nell'affrontare la disuguaglianza.
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bigotry
[sostantivo]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

bigottismo

bigottismo

Ex: They worked hard to challenge the bigotry that was prevalent in their society .Hanno lavorato duramente per sfidare **il bigottismo** che era prevalente nella loro società.
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unrest
[sostantivo]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

agitazione

agitazione

Ex: The rise in fuel prices caused unrest among the workers .L'aumento dei prezzi del carburante ha causato **malcontento** tra i lavoratori.
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Vocabolario Essenziale per il GRE
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