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GRE کے لیے ضروری الفاظ - کیفے سوسائٹی

یہاں آپ GRE امتحان کے لیے درکار معاشرے کے بارے میں کچھ انگریزی الفاظ سیکھیں گے، جیسے کہ "طبقہ"، "نسلیت"، "ذات" وغیرہ۔

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سیکھنا شروع کریں
Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum
stratum
[اسم]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

طبقہ, پرت

طبقہ, پرت

Ex: The study focused on the middle-income stratum of society. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
acculturation

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

ثقافتی موافقت, ثقافتی تبادلے اور موافقت کا عمل

ثقافتی موافقت, ثقافتی تبادلے اور موافقت کا عمل

Ex: The immigrant community experienced acculturation as they integrated aspects of the host country's culture into their own traditions. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
apartheid
apartheid
[اسم]

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

اپارتھائیڈ

اپارتھائیڈ

Ex: Activists fought tirelessly to end apartheid and achieve equality. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
aristocracy
aristocracy
[اسم]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

اشرافیہ, نواب

اشرافیہ, نواب

Ex: The event was attended by members of the aristocracy in elegant attire. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
bourgeoisie
bourgeoisie
[اسم]

the society's middle class

بورژوازی

بورژوازی

Ex: The bourgeoisie in the 19th century played a significant role in shaping economic and social structures. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
class-conscious

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

طبقاتی شعور رکھنے والا, سماجی درجہ بندی کے نظام سے پوری طرح آگاہ

طبقاتی شعور رکھنے والا, سماجی درجہ بندی کے نظام سے پوری طرح آگاہ

Ex: The students were very class-conscious, often discussing social status. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
hierarchical
hierarchical
[صفت]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

درجہ بند

درجہ بند

Ex: The hierarchical structure of the organization ensures clear lines of authority and responsibility. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
demographic
demographic
[اسم]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

آبادیاتی, آبادیاتی خصوصیات

آبادیاتی, آبادیاتی خصوصیات

Ex: The new marketing strategy aims to target a younger demographic. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
ethnicity
ethnicity
[اسم]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

نسلیت

نسلیت

Ex: The census form asked respondents to indicate their ethnicity. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
subsistence
subsistence
[اسم]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

گزارا, زندہ رہنا

گزارا, زندہ رہنا

Ex: The workers earned barely enough for subsisten 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
overlord
overlord
[اسم]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

اعلی مالک, حاکم اعلی

اعلی مالک, حاکم اعلی

Ex: The medieval lord acted as an overlord over the neighboring villages. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
polity
polity
[اسم]

the specific form or system of government of a society or institution

پولیٹی, نظام حکومت

پولیٹی, نظام حکومت

Ex: The church adopted a new polity emphasizing local autonomy. 
بند کریں
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to segregate
to segregate
[فعل]

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

الگ کرنا, جدا کرنا

الگ کرنا, جدا کرنا

Ex: The organization's membership criteria segregate individuals based on their religious beliefs. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
caste
caste
[اسم]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

ذات, نظام ذات

ذات, نظام ذات

Ex: The caste system in India historically divided society into hierarchical groups based on birth, occupation, and social status. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
supremacist
supremacist
[اسم]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

فوقیت پسند, سپریمسٹ

فوقیت پسند, سپریمسٹ

Ex: Authorities arrested a supremacist who was spreading hate speech online. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
political asylum

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

سیاسی پناہ, سیاسی تحفظ

سیاسی پناہ, سیاسی تحفظ

Ex: She sought political asylum after facing persecution in her home country. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
benefactor
benefactor
[اسم]

a person who gives money or support to help others

محسن, سرپرست

محسن, سرپرست

Ex: The charity thanked its generous benefactor at the annual gala. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
class struggle

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

طبقاتی کشمکش, طبقاتی تنازع

طبقاتی کشمکش, طبقاتی تنازع

Ex: The novel explores themes of class struggle in a rapidly industrializing society. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
deportation
deportation
[اسم]

the expulsion of a non-citizen or foreigner from a country, often for being undesirable or violating laws

جلاوطنی, ملک بدری

جلاوطنی, ملک بدری

Ex: The authorities ordered the deportation of illegal immigrants. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
discrimination

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

امتیاز, علیحدگی

امتیاز, علیحدگی

Ex: The company faced a lawsuit for discrimination against female employees. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
to displace
to displace
[فعل]

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

بے گھر کرنا, نکالنا

بے گھر کرنا, نکالنا

Ex: The conflict in the region has continued to displace thousands of families. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
elite
elite
[اسم]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

اشرافیہ

اشرافیہ

Ex: The elite gathered at the exclusive club for their annual meeting. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
homophobia
homophobia
[اسم]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

ہوموفوبیا, ہم جنس پرستوں سے نفرت

ہوموفوبیا, ہم جنس پرستوں سے نفرت

Ex: The campaign aims to raise awareness about the effects of homophobia. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
to impoverish

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

غریب بنانا, تباہ کرنا

غریب بنانا, تباہ کرنا

Ex: The economic crisis began to impoverish many families in the region. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
indigent
indigent
[صفت]

extremely poor or in need

غریب, محتاج

غریب, محتاج

Ex: The indigent population relied on government assistance for survival. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
intersectional

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

تقاطعی

تقاطعی

Ex: Her research focused on intersectional issues affecting women of color. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

حقیر سمجھنا, نظر انداز کرنا

حقیر سمجھنا, نظر انداز کرنا

Ex: Historically, indigenous communities have been marginalized and deprived of their land rights. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
to naturalize

to grant citizenship to a foreigner

شہریت دینا, قومی بنانا

شہریت دینا, قومی بنانا

Ex: He was naturalized after passing the citizenship exam. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
parity
parity
[اسم]

a state in which two or more things are equal

برابری, مساوات

برابری, مساوات

Ex: The company aims to achieve parity in salaries between male and female employees. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
penury
penury
[اسم]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

غربت, مفلسی

غربت, مفلسی

Ex: He grew up in penury, struggling to meet basic needs. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
positive discrimination

the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

مثبت امتیازی سلوک, مثبت کارروائی

مثبت امتیازی سلوک, مثبت کارروائی

Ex: The company implemented positive discrimination to improve diversity in hiring. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
quota system
quota system
[اسم]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

کوٹہ نظام, نظام حصص

کوٹہ نظام, نظام حصص

Ex: The government implemented a quota system to control immigration numbers. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
slumlord
slumlord
[اسم]

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

کچی آبادی کا مالک, استحصالی کرایہ دار

کچی آبادی کا مالک, استحصالی کرایہ دار

Ex: The city cracked down on slumlords who neglected their properties, leaving tenants living in squalor. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
social conscience

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

سماجی ضمیر, معاشرتی شعور

سماجی ضمیر, معاشرتی شعور

Ex: Her social conscience led her to volunteer at the homeless shelter. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
bigotry
bigotry
[اسم]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

تعصب, عدم رواداری

تعصب, عدم رواداری

Ex: The community was shocked by the bigotry expressed in the hateful speech. 
بند کریں
سائن ان کریں
unrest
unrest
[اسم]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

بے چینی, اشتعال

بے چینی, اشتعال

Ex: The government’s decision sparked widespread unrest across the country. 
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