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GRE のための基本語彙 - カフェソサエティ

ここではGRE試験に必要な「階層」「民族」「カースト」など社会に関する英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

階層

階層

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[名詞]
acculturation

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

文化変容

文化変容

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[名詞]
apartheid

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

アパルトヘイト

アパルトヘイト

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[名詞]
aristocracy

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

貴族

貴族

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[名詞]
bourgeoisie

the society's middle class

ブルジェアジー

ブルジェアジー

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[名詞]
class-conscious

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

階級意識のある

階級意識のある

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[形容詞]
hierarchical

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

階層的な

階層的な

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[形容詞]
demographic

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

人口統計

人口統計

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[名詞]
ethnicity

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

エスニシティ

エスニシティ

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[名詞]
subsistence

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

生存

生存

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[名詞]
overlord

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

大君主

大君主

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[名詞]
polity

a political organization of a group of people with a shared identity that is part of a larger political system itself

政治団体

政治団体

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[名詞]
to segregate

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

隔離する

隔離する

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[動詞]
caste

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

カースト

カースト

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[名詞]
supremacist

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

至上主義者

至上主義者

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[名詞]
political asylum

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

政治亡命

政治亡命

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[名詞]
benefactor

a person who gives money or support to help others

恩人

恩人

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[名詞]
class struggle

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

階級闘争

階級闘争

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[名詞]
deportation

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

(人)を祖国から追放する

(人)を祖国から追放する

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[名詞]
discrimination

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

差別

差別

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[名詞]
to displace

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

(人)を家から追い出す

(人)を家から追い出す

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[動詞]
elite

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

エリート

エリート

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[名詞]
homophobia

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

同性愛嫌悪

同性愛嫌悪

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[名詞]
to impoverish

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

貧しくする

貧しくする

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[動詞]
indigent

extremely poor or in need

困っている人

困っている人

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[形容詞]
intersectional

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

交差点

交差点

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[形容詞]
to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

疎外する

疎外する

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[動詞]
to naturalize

to admit a foreigner as an official citizen in a country

誰かを国民として受け入れる

誰かを国民として受け入れる

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[動詞]
parity

a state in which two or more things are equal

パリティ

パリティ

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[名詞]
penury

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

極貧

極貧

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[名詞]
positive discrimination

the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

積極的な差別

積極的な差別

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[名詞]
quota system

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

クォータ制

クォータ制

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[名詞]
slumlord

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

家主

家主

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[名詞]
social conscience

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

社会的良心

社会的良心

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[名詞]
bigotry

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

偏屈

偏屈

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[名詞]
unrest

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

不穏

不穏

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[名詞]
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