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GRE のための基本語彙 - カフェソサエティ

ここではGRE試験に必要な「階層」「民族」「カースト」など社会に関する英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

層, 社会階層

層, 社会階層

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[名詞]
acculturation

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

アキュルチュレーション, 文化適応

アキュルチュレーション, 文化適応

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[名詞]
apartheid

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

アパルトヘイト

アパルトヘイト

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[名詞]
aristocracy

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

貴族階級

貴族階級

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[名詞]
bourgeoisie

the society's middle class

ブルジョワ階級, 中産階級

ブルジョワ階級, 中産階級

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[名詞]
class-conscious

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

階級意識が高い, 階層に敏感な

階級意識が高い, 階層に敏感な

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[形容詞]
hierarchical

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

階層的な, ヒエラルキー

階層的な, ヒエラルキー

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[形容詞]
demographic

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

人口統計学的, デモグラフィック

人口統計学的, デモグラフィック

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[名詞]
ethnicity

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

民族性, 民族的所属

民族性, 民族的所属

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[名詞]
subsistence

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

生存, 生活基盤

生存, 生活基盤

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[名詞]
overlord

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

支配者, 領主

支配者, 領主

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[名詞]
polity

a political organization of a group of people with a shared identity that is part of a larger political system itself

政治体, 政治組織

政治体, 政治組織

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[名詞]
to segregate

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

分離する, 隔離する

分離する, 隔離する

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[動詞]
caste

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

カースト, カースト制度

カースト, カースト制度

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[名詞]
supremacist

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

 supremacist

supremacist

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[名詞]
political asylum

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

政治的亡命, 政治的亡命申請

政治的亡命, 政治的亡命申請

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[名詞]
benefactor

a person who gives money or support to help others

恩人, 支援者

恩人, 支援者

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[名詞]
class struggle

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

階級闘争, クラス闘争

階級闘争, クラス闘争

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[名詞]
deportation

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

強制送還,  deportation

強制送還, deportation

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[名詞]
discrimination

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

差別

差別

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[名詞]
to displace

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

強制退去させる, 移動させる

強制退去させる, 移動させる

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[動詞]
elite

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

エリート

エリート

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[名詞]
homophobia

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

ホモフォビア

ホモフォビア

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[名詞]
to impoverish

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

貧しくする, 没落させる

貧しくする, 没落させる

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[動詞]
indigent

extremely poor or in need

困窮した, 貧しい

困窮した, 貧しい

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[形容詞]
intersectional

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

インターセクショナル, 交差的

インターセクショナル, 交差的

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[形容詞]
to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

疎外する, マージナライズする

疎外する, マージナライズする

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[動詞]
to naturalize

to admit a foreigner as an official citizen in a country

帰化させる, 国籍を与える

帰化させる, 国籍を与える

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[動詞]
parity

a state in which two or more things are equal

平等

平等

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[名詞]
penury

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

貧困, 困窮

貧困, 困窮

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[名詞]
positive discrimination

the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

ポジティブ・ディスクリミネーション, 積極的差別

ポジティブ・ディスクリミネーション, 積極的差別

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[名詞]
quota system

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

クォータ制度, クオータシステム

クォータ制度, クオータシステム

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[名詞]
slumlord

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

スラムの地主, 家賃を搾取する大家

スラムの地主, 家賃を搾取する大家

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[名詞]
social conscience

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

社会的良心, 社会意識

社会的良心, 社会意識

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[名詞]
bigotry

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

偏見, 偏狭

偏見, 偏狭

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[名詞]
unrest

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

不安定, 抗議

不安定, 抗議

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[名詞]
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