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Vocabular Esențial pentru GRE - Societatea cafenelei

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză despre societate, cum ar fi "strat", "etnie", "castă" etc., necesare pentru examenul GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum
stratum
[substantiv]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

strat, nivel

strat, nivel

Ex: The study focused on the middle-income stratum of society. 
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acculturation
acculturation
[substantiv]

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

aculturație, procesul de schimb cultural și adaptare

aculturație, procesul de schimb cultural și adaptare

Ex: The immigrant community experienced acculturation as they integrated aspects of the host country's culture into their own traditions. 
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apartheid
apartheid
[substantiv]

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

apartheid

apartheid

Ex: Activists fought tirelessly to end apartheid and achieve equality. 
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aristocracy
aristocracy
[substantiv]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocrație, nobilime

aristocrație, nobilime

Ex: The event was attended by members of the aristocracy in elegant attire. 
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bourgeoisie
bourgeoisie
[substantiv]

the society's middle class

burghezie

burghezie

Ex: The bourgeoisie in the 19th century played a significant role in shaping economic and social structures. 
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class-conscious
class-conscious
[adjectiv]

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

conștient de clasă, conștient de ierarhia socială

conștient de clasă, conștient de ierarhia socială

Ex: The students were very class-conscious, often discussing social status. 
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hierarchical
hierarchical
[adjectiv]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

ierarhic

ierarhic

Ex: The hierarchical structure of the organization ensures clear lines of authority and responsibility. 
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demographic
demographic
[substantiv]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografic, caracteristici demografice

demografic, caracteristici demografice

Ex: The new marketing strategy aims to target a younger demographic. 
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ethnicity
ethnicity
[substantiv]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnie

etnie

Ex: The census form asked respondents to indicate their ethnicity. 
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subsistence
subsistence
[substantiv]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

subzistență, supraviețuire

subzistență, supraviețuire

Ex: The workers earned barely enough for subsisten 
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overlord
overlord
[substantiv]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

stăpân suprem, suveran

stăpân suprem, suveran

Ex: The medieval lord acted as an overlord over the neighboring villages. 
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polity
polity
[substantiv]

the specific form or system of government of a society or institution

polity, sistem de guvernare

polity, sistem de guvernare

Ex: The church adopted a new polity emphasizing local autonomy. 
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to segregate

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

segrega, separa

segrega, separa

Ex: The organization's membership criteria segregate individuals based on their religious beliefs. 
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caste
caste
[substantiv]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

castă, sistem de caste

castă, sistem de caste

Ex: The caste system in India historically divided society into hierarchical groups based on birth, occupation, and social status. 
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supremacist
supremacist
[substantiv]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

suprematist, supremacist

suprematist, supremacist

Ex: Authorities arrested a supremacist who was spreading hate speech online. 
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political asylum
political asylum
[substantiv]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

azil politic, protecție politică

azil politic, protecție politică

Ex: She sought political asylum after facing persecution in her home country. 
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benefactor
benefactor
[substantiv]

a person who gives money or support to help others

binefăcător, mecen

binefăcător, mecen

Ex: The charity thanked its generous benefactor at the annual gala. 
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class struggle
class struggle
[substantiv]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

lupta de clasă, conflict de clasă

lupta de clasă, conflict de clasă

Ex: The novel explores themes of class struggle in a rapidly industrializing society. 
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deportation
deportation
[substantiv]

the expulsion of a non-citizen or foreigner from a country, often for being undesirable or violating laws

deportare, expulzare

deportare, expulzare

Ex: The authorities ordered the deportation of illegal immigrants. 
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discrimination
discrimination
[substantiv]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discriminare, segregare

discriminare, segregare

Ex: The company faced a lawsuit for discrimination against female employees. 
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to displace

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

deplasa, strămuta

deplasa, strămuta

Ex: The conflict in the region has continued to displace thousands of families. 
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elite
elite
[substantiv]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

elită

elită

Ex: The elite gathered at the exclusive club for their annual meeting. 
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homophobia
homophobia
[substantiv]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homofobie, ura față de homosexuali

homofobie, ura față de homosexuali

Ex: The campaign aims to raise awareness about the effects of homophobia. 
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to impoverish

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

sărăci, ruina

sărăci, ruina

Ex: The economic crisis began to impoverish many families in the region. 
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indigent
indigent
[adjectiv]

extremely poor or in need

indigent, sărac

indigent, sărac

Ex: The indigent population relied on government assistance for survival. 
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intersectional
intersectional
[adjectiv]

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

intersecțional

intersecțional

Ex: Her research focused on intersectional issues affecting women of color. 
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to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginaliza, exclude

marginaliza, exclude

Ex: Historically, indigenous communities have been marginalized and deprived of their land rights. 
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to naturalize

to grant citizenship to a foreigner

naturaliza, acorda cetățenia

naturaliza, acorda cetățenia

Ex: He was naturalized after passing the citizenship exam. 
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parity
parity
[substantiv]

a state in which two or more things are equal

paritate, egalitate

paritate, egalitate

Ex: The company aims to achieve parity in salaries between male and female employees. 
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penury
penury
[substantiv]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

penurie, sărăcie

penurie, sărăcie

Ex: He grew up in penury, struggling to meet basic needs. 
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positive discrimination

the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

discriminare pozitivă, acțiune pozitivă

discriminare pozitivă, acțiune pozitivă

Ex: The company implemented positive discrimination to improve diversity in hiring. 
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quota system
quota system
[substantiv]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

sistem de cote, regim de cote

sistem de cote, regim de cote

Ex: The government implemented a quota system to control immigration numbers. 
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slumlord
slumlord
[substantiv]

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

proprietar de cartiere sărace, proprietar exploatator

proprietar de cartiere sărace, proprietar exploatator

Ex: The city cracked down on slumlords who neglected their properties, leaving tenants living in squalor. 
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social conscience
social conscience
[substantiv]

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

conștiință socială, sensibilitate socială

conștiință socială, sensibilitate socială

Ex: Her social conscience led her to volunteer at the homeless shelter. 
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bigotry
bigotry
[substantiv]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

bigotism, intoleranță

bigotism, intoleranță

Ex: The community was shocked by the bigotry expressed in the hateful speech. 
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unrest
unrest
[substantiv]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

neliniște, nemulțumiri

neliniște, nemulțumiri

Ex: The government’s decision sparked widespread unrest across the country. 
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