pattern

Nödvändigt Ordförråd för GRE - Kaffesamhälle

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord om samhället, såsom "skikt", "etnicitet", "kast" etc., som behövs för GRE-provet.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum
stratum
[Substantiv]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

skikt, stratum

skikt, stratum

Ex: The program aimed to uplift the lower economic stratum. 

Programmet syftade till att lyfta den lägre ekonomiska skiktet.

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acculturation
acculturation
[Substantiv]

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

ackulturation, processen av kulturell utbyte och anpassning

ackulturation, processen av kulturell utbyte och anpassning

Ex: In a globalized world, the internet has facilitated acculturation by connecting people across cultures and fostering the exchange of ideas. 

I en globaliserad värld har internet underlättat ackulturation genom att koppla samman människor över kulturer och främja utbyte av idéer.

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apartheid
apartheid
[Substantiv]

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

apartheid

apartheid

Ex: Apartheid created deep divisions and inequality within the society. 

Apartheid skapade djupa klyftor och ojämlikheter inom samhället.

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aristocracy
aristocracy
[Substantiv]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristokrati, adel

aristokrati, adel

Ex: Many members of the aristocracy were patrons of the arts. 

Många medlemmar av aristokratin var konstmecenater.

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bourgeoisie
bourgeoisie
[Substantiv]

the society's middle class

bourgeoisin

bourgeoisin

Ex: In some societies, upward mobility into the bourgeoisie was seen as a mark of success. 

I vissa samhällen sågs uppåtgående mobilitet in i bourgeoisin som ett tecken på framgång.

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class-conscious
class-conscious
[adjektiv]

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

klassmedveten, medveten om den sociala hierarkin

klassmedveten, medveten om den sociala hierarkin

Ex: In a class-conscious workplace, promotions often depended on social connections. 

På en klassmedveten arbetsplats berodde befordringar ofta på sociala förbindelser.

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hierarchical
hierarchical
[adjektiv]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

hierarkisk

hierarkisk

Ex: Hierarchical decision-making processes can lead to delays and inefficiencies. 

Hierarkiska beslutsprocesser kan leda till förseningar och ineffektivitet.

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demographic
demographic
[Substantiv]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografisk, demografiska egenskaper

demografisk, demografiska egenskaper

Ex: The survey results showed that the largest demographic in the area was families with young children. 

Undersökningsresultaten visade att den största demografin i området var familjer med små barn.

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ethnicity
ethnicity
[Substantiv]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnicitet

etnicitet

Ex: Researchers are exploring how ethnicity influences health outcomes. 

Forskare undersöker hur etnicitet påverkar hälsoutfall.

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subsistence
subsistence
[Substantiv]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

existensminimum, överlevnad

existensminimum, överlevnad

Ex: The artist lived a life of subsistence, focusing more on his passion than profit. 

Konstnären levde ett liv i subsistens och fokuserade mer på sin passion än på vinst.

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overlord
overlord
[Substantiv]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

överherre, härskare

överherre, härskare

Ex: The feudal system placed each baron under the rule of an overlord. 

Det feodala systemet placerade varje baron under styret av en överherre.

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polity
polity
[Substantiv]

the specific form or system of government of a society or institution

polity, styrskick

polity, styrskick

Ex: Colonial America experimented with various forms of polity. 

Koloniala Amerika experimenterade med olika former av polity.

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to segregate

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

segregera, separera

segregera, separera

Ex: The university came under scrutiny for segregating students into separate dormitories based on their ethnicity. 

Universitetet kom under granskning för att ha separerat studenter i separata sovsalar baserat på deras etnicitet.

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caste
caste
[Substantiv]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

kast, kastsystem

kast, kastsystem

Ex: Caste-based discrimination can limit opportunities for individuals and perpetuate social stratification and exclusion. 

Diskriminering baserad på kast kan begränsa möjligheter för individer och föreviga social stratifiering och uteslutning.

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supremacist
supremacist
[Substantiv]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

supremacist, överhöghetsanhängare

supremacist, överhöghetsanhängare

Ex: Education programs aimed to counteract the influence of supremacists. 

Utbildningsprogrammen syftade till att motverka supremacisters inflytande.

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political asylum
political asylum
[Substantiv]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

politisk asyl, politiskt skydd

politisk asyl, politiskt skydd

Ex: Political asylum allows individuals to stay in a new country safely. 

Politiskt asyl gör det möjligt för individer att stanna säkert i ett nytt land.

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benefactor
benefactor
[Substantiv]

a person who gives money or support to help others

välgörare, mecenat

välgörare, mecenat

Ex: The museum’s new wing was made possible by a single benefactor. 

Museets nya flygel möjliggjordes av en enda välgörare.

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class struggle
class struggle
[Substantiv]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

klasskamp, klasskonflikt

klasskamp, klasskonflikt

Ex: Historical events often reflect the intensity of class struggle in different periods. 

Historiska händelser speglar ofta intensiteten av klasskampen under olika perioder.

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deportation
deportation
[Substantiv]

the expulsion of a non-citizen or foreigner from a country, often for being undesirable or violating laws

deportation, utvisning

deportation, utvisning

Ex: He faced deportation after overstaying his visa. 

Han stod inför deportation efter att ha överskridit sitt visums giltighetstid.

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discrimination
discrimination
[Substantiv]

the unfair treatment of a person or group based on characteristics such as race, sex, age, or religion

diskriminering,  orättvis behandling

diskriminering, orättvis behandling

Ex: The organization campaigns against discrimination based on disability. 
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to displace

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

förflytta, fördriva

förflytta, fördriva

Ex: War and political unrest in the area have displaced generations of people. 

Krig och politisk oro i området har fördrivit generationer av människor.

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elite
elite
[Substantiv]

a small group considered the most powerful, successful, skilled, or privileged within a society or organization

elit,  överklass

elit, överklass

Ex: The university has traditionally educated members of the social elite. 
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homophobia
homophobia
[Substantiv]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homofobi, hat mot homosexuella

homofobi, hat mot homosexuella

Ex: Homophobia can create a hostile environment for LGBTQ+ individuals. 

Homofobi kan skapa en fientlig miljö för LGBTQ+-individer.

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to impoverish

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

utfattig, ruinera

utfattig, ruinera

Ex: The prolonged war was impoverishing the country. 

Det långvariga kriget utmattade landet.

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indigent
indigent
[adjektiv]

extremely poor or in need

fattig, behövande

fattig, behövande

Ex: The indigent elderly couple struggled to afford necessary medications. 

Det utfattiga äldre paret kämpade för att ha råd med nödvändiga läkemedel.

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intersectional
intersectional
[adjektiv]

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

intersektionell

intersektionell

Ex: The conference highlighted intersectional perspectives on disability and gender. 

Konferensen belyste intersektionella perspektiv på funktionsnedsättning och kön.

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to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginalisera, förbigå

marginalisera, förbigå

Ex: The education system inadvertently marginalizes students from low-income backgrounds, limiting their access to resources and opportunities. 

Utbildningssystemet marginaliserar oavsiktligt elever från låginkomstbakgrunder, vilket begränsar deras tillgång till resurser och möjligheter.

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to naturalize

to grant citizenship to a foreigner

naturalisera, bevilja medborgarskap

naturalisera, bevilja medborgarskap

Ex: Parliament passed a bill to naturalize hundreds of immigrants this year. 

Parlamentet antog ett lagförslag för att naturalisera hundratals invandrare i år.

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parity
parity
[Substantiv]

a state in which two or more things are equal

paritet, jämställdhet

paritet, jämställdhet

Ex: The new rules were designed to bring parity to the competitive sports league. 

De nya reglerna utformades för att ge paritet till den tävlingsinriktade idrottsligan.

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penury
penury
[Substantiv]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

fattigdom, nöd

fattigdom, nöd

Ex: The government's new policies aim to reduce the effects of penury. 

Regeringens nya politik syftar till att minska effekterna av fattigdom.

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positive discrimination

the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

positiv diskriminering, positiv särbehandling

positiv diskriminering, positiv särbehandling

Ex: The university adopted positive discrimination to boost enrollment from disadvantaged communities. 

Universitetet antog positiv diskriminering för att öka antagningen från missgynnade samhällen.

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quota system
quota system
[Substantiv]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

kvotsystem, kontingentsystem

kvotsystem, kontingentsystem

Ex: Under the quota system, only a certain number of immigrants could enter each year. 

Under kvotsystemet kunde endast ett visst antal invandrare komma in varje år.

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slumlord
slumlord
[Substantiv]

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

slumägare, utnyttjande hyresvärd

slumägare, utnyttjande hyresvärd

Ex: The community rallied together to protest against the actions of the slumlord and demand better living conditions for all. 

Gemenskapen samlades för att protestera mot slumlordens handlingar och kräva bättre levnadsvillkor för alla.

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social conscience
social conscience
[Substantiv]

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

socialt medvetande, samhällsmedvetande

socialt medvetande, samhällsmedvetande

Ex: They sought leaders with a social conscience to address societal issues. 

De sökte ledare med ett socialt samvete för att adressera samhällsproblem.

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bigotry
bigotry
[Substantiv]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

bigotteri, intolerans

bigotteri, intolerans

Ex: He faced bigotry from those who disagreed with his political views. 

Han mötte bigotteri från dem som inte höll med om hans politiska åsikter.

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unrest
unrest
[Substantiv]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

oro, uppror

oro, uppror

Ex: The city was under curfew due to the recent civil unrest. 

Staden var under utegångsförbud på grund av den senaste civila oroligheten.

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