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Nödvändigt Ordförråd för GRE - Kaffesällskap

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord om samhället, såsom "skikt", "etnicitet", "kast" etc., som behövs för GRE-provet.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum
[Substantiv]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

skikt, stratum

skikt, stratum

Ex: The political party gained support from the working-class stratum.Det politiska partiet fick stöd från **skiktet** av arbetarklassen.
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acculturation
[Substantiv]

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

ackulturation, processen av kulturell utbyte och anpassning

ackulturation, processen av kulturell utbyte och anpassning

Ex: Cultural festivals serve as platforms for acculturation, where people from different backgrounds share and celebrate their customs .Kulturfestivaler fungerar som plattformar för **ackulturation**, där människor från olika bakgrunder delar och firar sina sedvänjor.
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apartheid
[Substantiv]

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

apartheid

apartheid

Ex: He wrote a book detailing his experiences growing up under apartheid.Han skrev en bok som detaljerat beskriver hans upplevelser av att växa upp under **apartheid**.
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aristocracy
[Substantiv]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristokrati, adel

aristokrati, adel

Ex: The aristocracy opposed many social reforms that threatened their privileges .**Aristokratin** motsatte sig många sociala reformer som hotade deras privilegier.
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bourgeoisie
[Substantiv]

the society's middle class

bourgeoisin

bourgeoisin

Ex: The revolutionaries aimed to overthrow the bourgeoisie and establish a more equitable society .Revolutionärerna syftade till att störta **bourgeoisin** och upprätta ett mer rättvist samhälle.
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class-conscious
[adjektiv]

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

klassmedveten, medveten om den sociala hierarkin

klassmedveten, medveten om den sociala hierarkin

Ex: He grew up in a class-conscious environment , aware of the differences in social classes .Han växte upp i en **klassmedveten** miljö, medveten om skillnaderna i sociala klasser.
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hierarchical
[adjektiv]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

hierarkisk

hierarkisk

Ex: The military operates on a hierarchical chain of command , with officers giving orders to subordinates .Militären verkar på en **hierarkisk** befälskedja, där officerare ger order till underordnade.
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demographic
[Substantiv]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografisk, demografiska egenskaper

demografisk, demografiska egenskaper

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a specific demographic.Företag anpassar ofta sina produkter för att tilltala en specifik **demografisk** grupp.
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ethnicity
[Substantiv]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnicitet

etnicitet

Ex: The festival showcases music , food , and art from various ethnicities around the world .Festivalen visar upp musik, mat och konst från olika **etniciteter** runt om i världen.
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subsistence
[Substantiv]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

existensminimum, överlevnad

existensminimum, överlevnad

Ex: The family struggled to maintain subsistence on their small farm .Familjen kämpade för att upprätthålla **försörjningen** på sin lilla gård.
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overlord
[Substantiv]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

överherre, härskare

överherre, härskare

Ex: During the empire , the emperor was considered the ultimate overlord.Under imperiet betraktades kejsaren som den ultimata **överherren**.
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polity
[Substantiv]

a political organization of a group of people with a shared identity that is part of a larger political system itself

polity, politisk organisation

polity, politisk organisation

Ex: The European Union is a supranational polity composed of member states that have agreed to share sovereignty in certain areas of governance .Europeiska unionen är en supranationell **politisk organisation** som består av medlemsstater som har kommit överens om att dela suveränitet inom vissa områden av styrelseskick.
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to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

segregera, separera

segregera, separera

Ex: The university came under scrutiny for segregating students into separate dormitories based on their ethnicity .Universitetet kom under granskning för att ha **separerat** studenter i separata sovsalar baserat på deras etnicitet.
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caste
[Substantiv]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

kast, kastsystem

kast, kastsystem

Ex: Efforts to address caste-based discrimination require legislative measures, educational reforms, and social awareness campaigns to promote equality and inclusivity.Ansträngningar för att adressera diskriminering baserad på **kast** kräver lagstiftningsåtgärder, utbildningsreformer och sociala medvetenhetskampanjer för att främja jämlikhet och inkludering.
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supremacist
[Substantiv]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

supremacist, överhöghetsanhängare

supremacist, överhöghetsanhängare

Ex: The supremacist's rhetoric fueled division and conflict in the community .**Supremacistens** retorik bröt splittring och konflikt i samhället.
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political asylum
[Substantiv]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

politisk asyl, politiskt skydd

politisk asyl, politiskt skydd

Ex: The government granted political asylum to the journalist who fled from a repressive regime .Regeringen beviljade **politisk asyl** till journalisten som flydde från ett förtryckande regime.
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benefactor
[Substantiv]

a person who gives money or support to help others

välgörare, mecenat

välgörare, mecenat

Ex: She wrote a letter to her benefactor, expressing her appreciation for the support .Hon skrev ett brev till sin **välgörare** och uttryckte sin tacksamhet för stödet.
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class struggle
[Substantiv]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

klasskamp, klasskonflikt

klasskamp, klasskonflikt

Ex: The activist spoke about the ongoing class struggle in modern urban environments .Aktivisten talade om den pågående **klaskampen** i moderna urbana miljöer.
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deportation
[Substantiv]

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

deportation,  utvisning

deportation, utvisning

Ex: Despite living in the country for years , he faced deportation after being convicted of a serious crime .Trots att ha bott i landet i åratal stod han inför **deportation** efter att ha dömts för ett grovt brott.
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discrimination
[Substantiv]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

diskriminering, segregation

diskriminering, segregation

Ex: She spoke out against discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .Hon talade ut mot **diskriminering** efter att ha bevittnat orättvis behandling av sina kollegor.
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to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

förflytta, fördriva

förflytta, fördriva

Ex: The wildfire raging through the forest threatened to displace residents in nearby towns .Skogsbranden som härjade hotade att **fördriva** invånare i närliggande städer.
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elite
[Substantiv]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

elit

elit

Ex: He aspired to join the intellectual elite of the academic world .Han strävade efter att ansluta sig till den intellektuella **eliten** i den akademiska världen.
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homophobia
[Substantiv]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homofobi, hat mot homosexuella

homofobi, hat mot homosexuella

Ex: The school 's new policy addresses and seeks to reduce homophobia.Skolans nya politik tar upp och strävar efter att minska **homofobi**.
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to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

utfattig, ruinera

utfattig, ruinera

Ex: By the time the reforms were introduced , the region had already been impoverished.När reformerna infördes hade regionen redan **fattats**.
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indigent
[adjektiv]

extremely poor or in need

fattig, behövande

fattig, behövande

Ex: The nonprofit organization aimed to provide support and resources for the indigent community.Den ideella organisationen syftade till att ge stöd och resurser till den **fattiga** gemenskapen.
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intersectional
[adjektiv]

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

intersektionell

intersektionell

Ex: Intersectional feminism looks at how various forms of oppression intersect .**Intersektionell** feminism undersöker hur olika former av förtryck skär varandra.
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to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginalisera, förbigå

marginalisera, förbigå

Ex: By marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .Genom att **marginalisera** olika perspektiv begränsar vi vår förmåga att effektivt hantera komplexa sociala frågor.
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to admit a foreigner as an official citizen in a country

naturalisera, bevilja medborgarskap

naturalisera, bevilja medborgarskap

Ex: The family eagerly awaited their turn to be naturalized, excited to officially become citizens of their new country and fully participate in its democratic process .Familjen väntade otåligt på sin tur att bli **naturaliserad**, ivrig att officiellt bli medborgare i sitt nya land och fullt ut delta i dess demokratiska process.
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parity
[Substantiv]

a state in which two or more things are equal

paritet, jämställdhet

paritet, jämställdhet

Ex: They discussed ways to achieve parity in funding for rural and urban schools .De diskuterade sätt att uppnå **paritet** i finansieringen av landsbygds- och stads skolor.
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penury
[Substantiv]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

fattigdom, nöd

fattigdom, nöd

Ex: The sudden loss of his job pushed him into a state of penury.Den plötsliga förlusten av hans jobb drev honom in i ett tillstånd av **fattigdom**.
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the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

positiv diskriminering, positiv särbehandling

positiv diskriminering, positiv särbehandling

Ex: The scholarship program was an example of positive discrimination to support minority students .Stipendieprogrammet var ett exempel på **positiv diskriminering** för att stödja minoritetsstudenter.
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quota system
[Substantiv]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

kvotsystem, kontingentsystem

kvotsystem, kontingentsystem

Ex: The quota system ensures that immigration levels remain manageable .**Kvotsystemet** säkerställer att invandringsnivåerna förblir hanterbara.
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slumlord
[Substantiv]

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

slumägare, utnyttjande hyresvärd

slumägare, utnyttjande hyresvärd

Ex: After years of neglect , the government intervened and forced the slumlord to improve the living conditions of their tenants or face legal consequences .Efter år av försummelse ingrep regeringen och tvingade **slumvärden** att förbättra hyresgästernas levnadsvillkor eller möta juridiska konsekvenser.
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social conscience
[Substantiv]

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

socialt medvetande, samhällsmedvetande

socialt medvetande, samhällsmedvetande

Ex: The film highlighted the importance of having a social conscience in addressing inequality .Filmen framhöll vikten av att ha ett **socialt medvetande** för att adressera ojämlikhet.
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bigotry
[Substantiv]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

bigotteri, intolerans

bigotteri, intolerans

Ex: They worked hard to challenge the bigotry that was prevalent in their society .De arbetade hårt för att utmana **trångsyntheten** som var utbredd i deras samhälle.
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unrest
[Substantiv]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

oro, uppror

oro, uppror

Ex: The rise in fuel prices caused unrest among the workers .Påfrestningarna i bränslepriserna orsakade **oro** bland arbetarna.
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