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Vocabulario Esencial para el GRE - Café Sociedad

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre sociedad, como "stratum", "ethnicity", "caste", etc. que se necesitan para el examen GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum
stratum
[Sustantivo]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

estrato

estrato

Ex: The upper stratum of the city is known for its luxury homes. 

El estrato superior de la ciudad es conocido por sus casas de lujo.

acculturation
acculturation
[Sustantivo]

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

aculturación

aculturación

Ex: Through acculturation, the indigenous population adopted new agricultural practices introduced by settlers. 

A través de la aculturación, la población indígena adoptó nuevas prácticas agrícolas introducidas por los colonos.

apartheid
apartheid
[Sustantivo]

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

apartheid

apartheid

Ex: Under apartheid, people were denied basic rights based on their race. 

Bajo el apartheid, a las personas se les negaban derechos básicos en función de su raza.

aristocracy
aristocracy
[Sustantivo]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocracia

aristocracia

Ex: The aristocracy often lived in grand estates and manors. 

La aristocracia solía vivir en grandes fincas y mansiones.

bourgeoisie
bourgeoisie
[Sustantivo]

the society's middle class

burguesía

burguesía

Ex: The bourgeoisie of the city enjoyed luxurious lifestyles and social status. 

La burguesía de la ciudad disfrutaba de estilos de vida lujosos y estatus social.

class-conscious
class-conscious
[Adjetivo]

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

consciente de las clases sociales

consciente de las clases sociales

Ex: The class-conscious author wrote novels highlighting social inequalities. 

El autor consciente de las clases escribió novelas que destacaban las desigualdades sociales.

hierarchical
hierarchical
[Adjetivo]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

jerárquico

jerárquico

Ex: The company's hierarchical management style may inhibit innovation and creativity. 

El estilo de gestión jerárquico de la empresa puede inhibir la innovación y la creatividad.

demographic
demographic
[Sustantivo]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demográfico

demográfico

Ex: The television show has gained popularity among the 18-34 age demographic. 

El programa de televisión ha ganado popularidad entre el demográfico de 18 a 34 años.

ethnicity
ethnicity
[Sustantivo]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnia, etnicidad

etnia, etnicidad

Ex: The school's diversity program celebrates students of every ethnicity. 

El programa de diversidad de la escuela celebra a los estudiantes de cada etnia.

subsistence
subsistence
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

subsistencia

subsistencia

Ex: Farming provided only subsistence, leaving no surplus for savings. 

La agricultura proporcionaba solo subsistencia, sin dejar ningún excedente para ahorrar.

overlord
overlord
[Sustantivo]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

señor

señor

Ex: In ancient times, an overlord would command several lesser lords. 

En la antigüedad, un señor supremo gobernaba a varios señores menores.

polity
polity
[Sustantivo]

the specific form or system of government of a society or institution

forma de gobierno

forma de gobierno

Ex: The university's internal polity allows for faculty self-governance. 

La polity interna de la universidad permite la autogestión del profesorado.

to segregate

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

segregar, separar

segregar, separar

Ex: Some workplaces still segregate employees into different departments based on their ethnic background. 

Algunos lugares de trabajo aún segregan a los empleados en diferentes departamentos según su origen étnico.

caste
caste
[Sustantivo]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

casta

casta

Ex: The abolition of the caste system has been a long-standing goal of social reform movements in countries where it is prevalent. 

La abolición del sistema de castas ha sido un objetivo de larga data de los movimientos de reforma social en los países donde prevalece.

supremacist
supremacist
[Sustantivo]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

racista

racista

Ex: The supremacist's actions were condemned by community leaders. 

Las acciones del supremacista fueron condenadas por los líderes de la comunidad.

political asylum
political asylum
[Sustantivo]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

asilo político

asilo político

Ex: Many refugees apply for political asylum when they escape political violence. 

Muchos refugiados solicitan asilo político cuando escapan de la violencia política.

benefactor
benefactor
[Sustantivo]

a person who gives money or support to help others

benefactor

benefactor

Ex: Their benefactor’s contributions helped build the community center. 

Las contribuciones de su benefactor ayudaron a construir el centro comunitario.

class struggle
class struggle
[Sustantivo]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

lucha de clases

lucha de clases

Ex: The film depicts the class struggle between the wealthy elite and the working class. 

La película representa la lucha de clases entre la élite adinerada y la clase trabajadora.

deportation
deportation
[Sustantivo]

the expulsion of a non-citizen or foreigner from a country, often for being undesirable or violating laws

deportación

deportación

Ex: Deportation is commonly applied to those convicted of serious crimes. 

Deportación se aplica comúnmente a aquellos condenados por delitos graves.

discrimination
discrimination
[Sustantivo]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discriminación

discriminación

Ex: Efforts to reduce discrimination in the workplace include implementing diversity training programs. 

Los esfuerzos para reducir la discriminación en el lugar de trabajo incluyen la implementación de programas de capacitación en diversidad.

to displace

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

desplazar

desplazar

Ex: The government's decision to construct a new highway project will displace numerous families. 

La decisión del gobierno de construir un nuevo proyecto de autopista desplazará a numerosas familias.

elite
elite
[Sustantivo]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

élite

élite

Ex: The business elite often frequented the luxurious downtown restaurant. 

La élite empresarial frecuentaba a menudo el lujoso restaurante del centro.

homophobia
homophobia
[Sustantivo]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homofobia

homofobia

Ex: The organization works to eliminate homophobia through advocacy and support. 

La organización trabaja para eliminar la homofobia a través de la defensa y el apoyo.

to impoverish

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

empobrecer

empobrecer

Ex: Corruption in the government can impoverish a country’s citizens. 

La corrupción en el gobierno puede empobrecer a los ciudadanos de un país.

indigent
indigent
[Adjetivo]

extremely poor or in need

indigente

indigente

Ex: Despite their best efforts, they remained indigent due to a lack of job opportunities. 

A pesar de sus mejores esfuerzos, permanecieron indigentes debido a la falta de oportunidades laborales.

intersectional
intersectional
[Adjetivo]

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

interseccional

interseccional

Ex: The workshop addressed intersectional challenges faced by LGBTQ+ individuals. 

El taller abordó los desafíos interseccionales que enfrentan las personas LGBTQ+.

to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginar

marginar

Ex: The company's policies inadvertently marginalized employees with disabilities, making it difficult for them to fully participate in the workplace. 

Las políticas de la empresa marginaron inadvertidamente a los empleados con discapacidades, dificultando su participación plena en el lugar de trabajo.

to naturalize

to grant citizenship to a foreigner

nacionalizar

nacionalizar

Ex: The state moves to naturalize eligible residents after they complete the required process. 

El estado procede a naturalizar a los residentes elegibles después de que completen el proceso requerido.

parity
parity
[Sustantivo]

a state in which two or more things are equal

paridad, igualdad

paridad, igualdad

Ex: Efforts were made to achieve parity in access to healthcare services across different regions. 

Se realizaron esfuerzos para lograr la paridad en el acceso a los servicios de salud en diferentes regiones.

penury
penury
[Sustantivo]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

penuria

penuria

Ex: Despite his penury, he remained hopeful for a better future. 

A pesar de su penuria, siguió siendo optimista por un futuro mejor.

positive discrimination

the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

discriminación positiva

discriminación positiva

Ex: The affirmative action plan included elements of positive discrimination to promote equality. 

El plan de acción afirmativa incluía elementos de discriminación positiva para promover la igualdad.

quota system
quota system
[Sustantivo]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

ley de cuotas

ley de cuotas

Ex: They had to wait for the next year’s quota system to apply for immigration. 

Tuvieron que esperar al sistema de cuotas del próximo año para solicitar inmigración.

slumlord
slumlord
[Sustantivo]

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

dueño de un tugurio

dueño de un tugurio

Ex: The slumlord was known for exploiting vulnerable tenants by charging exorbitant rents for substandard housing conditions. 

El propietario de barrios marginales era conocido por explotar a inquilinos vulnerables cobrando alquileres exorbitantes por condiciones de vivienda deficientes.

social conscience
social conscience
[Sustantivo]

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

conciencia social

conciencia social

Ex: Their social conscience inspired them to support various charitable causes. 

Su conciencia social los inspiró a apoyar diversas causas benéficas.

bigotry
bigotry
[Sustantivo]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

intolerancia

intolerancia

Ex: The film highlighted the impact of bigotry on marginalized groups. 

La película destacó el impacto de la intolerancia en los grupos marginados.

unrest
unrest
[Sustantivo]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

disturbios

disturbios

Ex: Unrest grew after the controversial election results were announced. 

El malestar aumentó después de que se anunciaran los controvertidos resultados electorales.

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