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Vocabulario Esencial para el GRE - Café Sociedad

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre sociedad, como "stratum", "ethnicity", "caste", etc. que se necesitan para el examen GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum
[Sustantivo]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

estrato

estrato

Ex: The political party gained support from the working-class stratum.El partido político obtuvo el apoyo del **estrato** de la clase trabajadora.
acculturation
[Sustantivo]

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

aculturación

aculturación

Ex: Cultural festivals serve as platforms for acculturation, where people from different backgrounds share and celebrate their customs .Los festivales culturales sirven como plataformas para **la aculturación**, donde personas de diferentes orígenes comparten y celebran sus costumbres.
apartheid
[Sustantivo]

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

apartheid

apartheid

Ex: He wrote a book detailing his experiences growing up under apartheid.Escribió un libro detallando sus experiencias al crecer bajo el **apartheid**.
aristocracy
[Sustantivo]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocracia

aristocracia

Ex: The aristocracy opposed many social reforms that threatened their privileges .**La aristocracia** se opuso a muchas reformas sociales que amenazaban sus privilegios.
bourgeoisie
[Sustantivo]

the society's middle class

burguesía

burguesía

Ex: The revolutionaries aimed to overthrow the bourgeoisie and establish a more equitable society .Los revolucionarios pretendían derrocar a la **burguesía** y establecer una sociedad más equitativa.
class-conscious
[Adjetivo]

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

consciente de las clases sociales

consciente de las clases sociales

Ex: He grew up in a class-conscious environment , aware of the differences in social classes .Creció en un entorno **consciente de las clases**, consciente de las diferencias en las clases sociales.
hierarchical
[Adjetivo]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

jerárquico

jerárquico

Ex: The military operates on a hierarchical chain of command , with officers giving orders to subordinates .El ejército opera en una cadena de mando **jerárquica**, con oficiales dando órdenes a subordinados.
demographic
[Sustantivo]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demográfico

demográfico

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a specific demographic.Las empresas a menudo adaptan sus productos para atraer a un **demográfico** específico.
ethnicity
[Sustantivo]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnia, etnicidad

etnia, etnicidad

Ex: The festival showcases music , food , and art from various ethnicities around the world .El festival muestra música, comida y arte de diversas **etnias** de todo el mundo.
subsistence
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

subsistencia

subsistencia

Ex: The family struggled to maintain subsistence on their small farm .La familia luchó por mantener la **subsistencia** en su pequeña granja.
overlord
[Sustantivo]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

señor

señor

Ex: During the empire , the emperor was considered the ultimate overlord.Durante el imperio, el emperador era considerado el **señor supremo** definitivo.
polity
[Sustantivo]

a political organization of a group of people with a shared identity that is part of a larger political system itself

forma de gobierno

forma de gobierno

Ex: The European Union is a supranational polity composed of member states that have agreed to share sovereignty in certain areas of governance .La Unión Europea es una **entidad política** supranacional compuesta por estados miembros que han acordado compartir su soberanía en ciertas áreas de gobierno.

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

segregar, separar

segregar, separar

Ex: The university came under scrutiny for segregating students into separate dormitories based on their ethnicity .La universidad estuvo bajo escrutinio por **separar** a los estudiantes en residencias diferentes según su etnia.
caste
[Sustantivo]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

casta

casta

Ex: Efforts to address caste-based discrimination require legislative measures, educational reforms, and social awareness campaigns to promote equality and inclusivity.Los esfuerzos para abordar la discriminación basada en la **casta** requieren medidas legislativas, reformas educativas y campañas de concienciación social para promover la igualdad y la inclusividad.
supremacist
[Sustantivo]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

racista

racista

Ex: The supremacist's rhetoric fueled division and conflict in the community .La retórica del **supremacista** avivó la división y el conflicto en la comunidad.
political asylum
[Sustantivo]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

asilo político

asilo político

Ex: The government granted political asylum to the journalist who fled from a repressive regime .El gobierno concedió **asilo político** al periodista que huyó de un régimen represivo.
benefactor
[Sustantivo]

a person who gives money or support to help others

benefactor

benefactor

Ex: She wrote a letter to her benefactor, expressing her appreciation for the support .Ella escribió una carta a su **benefactor**, expresando su agradecimiento por el apoyo.
class struggle
[Sustantivo]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

lucha de clases

lucha de clases

Ex: The activist spoke about the ongoing class struggle in modern urban environments .El activista habló sobre la **lucha de clases** en curso en los entornos urbanos modernos.
deportation
[Sustantivo]

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

deportación

deportación

Ex: Despite living in the country for years , he faced deportation after being convicted of a serious crime .A pesar de vivir en el país durante años, enfrentó la **deportación** después de ser condenado por un delito grave.
discrimination
[Sustantivo]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

discriminación

discriminación

Ex: She spoke out against discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .Ella habló en contra de la **discriminación** después de presenciar un trato injusto hacia sus colegas.

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

desplazar

desplazar

Ex: The wildfire raging through the forest threatened to displace residents in nearby towns .El incendio forestal que arrasaba el bosque amenazaba con **desplazar** a los residentes de los pueblos cercanos.
elite
[Sustantivo]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

élite

élite

Ex: He aspired to join the intellectual elite of the academic world .Aspiraba a unirse a la **élite** intelectual del mundo académico.
homophobia
[Sustantivo]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homofobia

homofobia

Ex: The school 's new policy addresses and seeks to reduce homophobia.La nueva política de la escuela aborda y busca reducir la **homofobia**.

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

empobrecer

empobrecer

Ex: By the time the reforms were introduced , the region had already been impoverished.Para cuando se introdujeron las reformas, la región ya había sido **empobrecida**.
indigent
[Adjetivo]

extremely poor or in need

indigente

indigente

Ex: The nonprofit organization aimed to provide support and resources for the indigent community.La organización sin fines de lucro tenía como objetivo brindar apoyo y recursos a la comunidad **indigente**.
intersectional
[Adjetivo]

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

interseccional

interseccional

Ex: Intersectional feminism looks at how various forms of oppression intersect .El feminismo **interseccional** analiza cómo se cruzan diversas formas de opresión.

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginar

marginar

Ex: By marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .Al **marginizar** diversas perspectivas, limitamos nuestra capacidad para abordar problemas sociales complejos de manera efectiva.

to admit a foreigner as an official citizen in a country

nacionalizar

nacionalizar

Ex: The family eagerly awaited their turn to be naturalized, excited to officially become citizens of their new country and fully participate in its democratic process .La familia esperaba ansiosamente su turno para ser **naturalizada**, emocionada por convertirse oficialmente en ciudadana de su nuevo país y participar plenamente en su proceso democrático.
parity
[Sustantivo]

a state in which two or more things are equal

paridad, igualdad

paridad, igualdad

Ex: They discussed ways to achieve parity in funding for rural and urban schools .Discutieron formas de lograr la **paridad** en la financiación de las escuelas rurales y urbanas.
penury
[Sustantivo]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

penuria

penuria

Ex: The sudden loss of his job pushed him into a state of penury.La pérdida repentina de su trabajo lo sumió en un estado de **penuria**.

the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

discriminación positiva

discriminación positiva

Ex: The scholarship program was an example of positive discrimination to support minority students .El programa de becas fue un ejemplo de **discriminación positiva** para apoyar a los estudiantes de minorías.
quota system
[Sustantivo]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

ley de cuotas

ley de cuotas

Ex: The quota system ensures that immigration levels remain manageable .El **sistema de cuotas** asegura que los niveles de inmigración se mantengan manejables.
slumlord
[Sustantivo]

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

dueño de un tugurio

dueño de un tugurio

Ex: After years of neglect , the government intervened and forced the slumlord to improve the living conditions of their tenants or face legal consequences .Después de años de negligencia, el gobierno intervino y obligó al **casero de barrios pobres** a mejorar las condiciones de vida de sus inquilinos o enfrentar consecuencias legales.
social conscience
[Sustantivo]

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

conciencia social

conciencia social

Ex: The film highlighted the importance of having a social conscience in addressing inequality .La película destacó la importancia de tener una **conciencia social** para abordar la desigualdad.
bigotry
[Sustantivo]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

intolerancia

intolerancia

Ex: They worked hard to challenge the bigotry that was prevalent in their society .Trabajaron duro para desafiar **la intolerancia** que prevalecía en su sociedad.
unrest
[Sustantivo]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

disturbios

disturbios

Ex: The rise in fuel prices caused unrest among the workers .El aumento en los precios del combustible causó **malestar** entre los trabajadores.
Vocabulario Esencial para el GRE
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