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GRE必备词汇 - 咖啡协会

在这里你将学习一些GRE考试所需的有关社会的英语单词,例如“stratum”、“ethnicity”、“caste”等。

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum
[名词]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

社会阶层, 社会层次

社会阶层, 社会层次

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the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

文化适应, 文化互化

文化适应, 文化互化

Ex: Cultural festivals serve as platforms acculturation, where people from different backgrounds share and celebrate their customs .
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apartheid
[名词]

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

种族隔离制度, 歧视制度

种族隔离制度, 歧视制度

Ex: He wrote a book detailing his experiences growing up apartheid.
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aristocracy
[名词]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

贵族, 上层社会

贵族, 上层社会

Ex: aristocracy opposed many social reforms that threatened their privileges .
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bourgeoisie
[名词]

the society's middle class

资产阶级, 中产阶级

资产阶级, 中产阶级

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class-conscious
[形容词]

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

阶级意识强烈的, 阶级敏感的

阶级意识强烈的, 阶级敏感的

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hierarchical
[形容词]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

等级的, 层次的

等级的, 层次的

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demographic
[名词]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

人口统计特征, 人口统计

人口统计特征, 人口统计

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ethnicity
[名词]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

民族, 种族性

民族, 种族性

Ex: The festival showcases music , food , and art from ethnicities around the world .
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subsistence
[名词]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

生存, 维持生计

生存, 维持生计

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overlord
[名词]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

霸主, 统治者

霸主, 统治者

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polity
[名词]

a political organization of a group of people with a shared identity that is part of a larger political system itself

政治体制, 政治实体

政治体制, 政治实体

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to segregate
[动词]

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

隔离, 分隔

隔离, 分隔

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caste
[名词]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

种姓, 阶级

种姓, 阶级

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supremacist
[名词]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

至上主义者, 优越主义者

至上主义者, 优越主义者

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the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

政治庇护, 政治避难

政治庇护, 政治避难

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benefactor
[名词]

a person who gives money or support to help others

慈善家, 恩人

慈善家, 恩人

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the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

阶级斗争, 阶级冲突

阶级斗争, 阶级冲突

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deportation
[名词]

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

驱逐出境,  deportation

驱逐出境, deportation

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the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

歧视, 辨别

歧视, 辨别

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to displace
[动词]

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

使流离失所, 迫使离开家园

使流离失所, 迫使离开家园

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elite
[名词]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

精英, 上层阶级

精英, 上层阶级

Ex: He aspired to join the elite of the academic world .
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homophobia
[名词]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

恐同症, 对同性恋的偏见

恐同症, 对同性恋的偏见

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to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

使贫困, 使贫乏

使贫困, 使贫乏

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indigent
[形容词]

extremely poor or in need

贫困的, 赤贫的

贫困的, 赤贫的

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intersectional
[形容词]

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

交叉的, 交集的

交叉的, 交集的

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to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

边缘化, 排斥

边缘化, 排斥

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to admit a foreigner as an official citizen in a country

归化, 入籍

归化, 入籍

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parity
[名词]

a state in which two or more things are equal

平等, 同等

平等, 同等

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penury
[名词]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

贫困, 贫乏

贫困, 贫乏

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the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

积极歧视, 正向歧视

积极歧视, 正向歧视

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quota system
[名词]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

配额制度, 定额制度

配额制度, 定额制度

Ex: quota system ensures that immigration levels remain manageable .
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slumlord
[名词]

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

房东剥削者, 贫民区房东

房东剥削者, 贫民区房东

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an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

社会良知, 社会责任感

社会良知, 社会责任感

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bigotry
[名词]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

偏执, 偏见

偏执, 偏见

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unrest
[名词]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

动荡, 骚乱

动荡, 骚乱

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