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Kosakata Penting untuk GRE - Masyarakat kopi

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata bahasa Inggris tentang masyarakat, seperti "stratum", "etnisitas", "kasta", dll. yang dibutuhkan untuk ujian GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
stratum
[Kata benda]

a group of people with similar social standing, education, or income

lapisan, strata

lapisan, strata

Ex: The political party gained support from the working-class stratum.Partai politik itu mendapatkan dukungan dari **lapisan** kelas pekerja.
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acculturation
[Kata benda]

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

akulturasi, proses pertukaran budaya dan adaptasi

akulturasi, proses pertukaran budaya dan adaptasi

Ex: Cultural festivals serve as platforms for acculturation, where people from different backgrounds share and celebrate their customs .Festival budaya berfungsi sebagai platform untuk **akulturasi**, di mana orang dari berbagai latar belakang berbagi dan merayakan adat mereka.
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apartheid
[Kata benda]

a system where people are treated differently or separated based on their race, ethnicity, or other characteristics

apartheid

apartheid

Ex: He wrote a book detailing his experiences growing up under apartheid.Dia menulis sebuah buku yang merinci pengalamannya tumbuh besar di bawah **apartheid**.
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aristocracy
[Kata benda]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristokrasi, bangsawan

aristokrasi, bangsawan

Ex: The aristocracy opposed many social reforms that threatened their privileges .**Aristokrasi** menentang banyak reformasi sosial yang mengancam hak istimewa mereka.
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bourgeoisie
[Kata benda]

the society's middle class

borjuis

borjuis

Ex: The revolutionaries aimed to overthrow the bourgeoisie and establish a more equitable society .Para revolusioner bertujuan untuk menggulingkan **borjuasi** dan mendirikan masyarakat yang lebih adil.
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class-conscious
[Adjektiva]

fully aware of the ranking system that distinguishes the general public

sadar kelas, menyadari sistem peringkat sosial

sadar kelas, menyadari sistem peringkat sosial

Ex: He grew up in a class-conscious environment , aware of the differences in social classes .Dia tumbuh dalam lingkungan **sadar kelas**, menyadari perbedaan dalam kelas sosial.
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hierarchical
[Adjektiva]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

hierarkis

hierarkis

Ex: The military operates on a hierarchical chain of command , with officers giving orders to subordinates .Militer beroperasi pada rantai komando **hierarkis**, dengan perwira memberikan perintah kepada bawahan.
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demographic
[Kata benda]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografis, karakteristik demografis

demografis, karakteristik demografis

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a specific demographic.Perusahaan sering menyesuaikan produk mereka untuk menarik **demografis** tertentu.
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ethnicity
[Kata benda]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnisitas

etnisitas

Ex: The festival showcases music , food , and art from various ethnicities around the world .Festival ini menampilkan musik, makanan, dan seni dari berbagai **etnis** di seluruh dunia.
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subsistence
[Kata benda]

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

penghidupan, kelangsungan hidup

penghidupan, kelangsungan hidup

Ex: The family struggled to maintain subsistence on their small farm .Keluarga itu berjuang untuk mempertahankan **penghidupan** di pertanian kecil mereka.
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overlord
[Kata benda]

someone who is in a position of power, especially in the past

penguasa tertinggi, tuan besar

penguasa tertinggi, tuan besar

Ex: During the empire , the emperor was considered the ultimate overlord.Selama kekaisaran, kaisar dianggap sebagai **penguasa tertinggi** yang mutlak.
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polity
[Kata benda]

a political organization of a group of people with a shared identity that is part of a larger political system itself

polity, organisasi politik

polity, organisasi politik

Ex: The European Union is a supranational polity composed of member states that have agreed to share sovereignty in certain areas of governance .Uni Eropa adalah **organisasi politik** supranasional yang terdiri dari negara-negara anggota yang telah setuju untuk berbagi kedaulatan dalam bidang pemerintahan tertentu.
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to segregate
[kata kerja]

to employ a system that sorts out people in the society based on their race or religion

memisahkan, mengasingkan

memisahkan, mengasingkan

Ex: The university came under scrutiny for segregating students into separate dormitories based on their ethnicity .Universitas itu mendapat sorotan karena **memisahkan** mahasiswa ke asrama yang terpisah berdasarkan etnis mereka.
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caste
[Kata benda]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

kasta, sistem kasta

kasta, sistem kasta

Ex: Efforts to address caste-based discrimination require legislative measures, educational reforms, and social awareness campaigns to promote equality and inclusivity.Upaya untuk mengatasi diskriminasi berbasis **kasta** memerlukan tindakan legislatif, reformasi pendidikan, dan kampanye kesadaran sosial untuk mempromosikan kesetaraan dan inklusivitas.
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supremacist
[Kata benda]

someone who believes that a particular group of people, especially one determined by sex, religion, or race, is better than other groups and should dominate them

supremasis, penganut supremasi

supremasis, penganut supremasi

Ex: The supremacist's rhetoric fueled division and conflict in the community .Retorika **supremasis** memicu perpecahan dan konflik di masyarakat.
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political asylum
[Kata benda]

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

suaka politik, perlindungan politik

suaka politik, perlindungan politik

Ex: The government granted political asylum to the journalist who fled from a repressive regime .Pemerintah memberikan **suaka politik** kepada jurnalis yang melarikan diri dari rezim represif.
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benefactor
[Kata benda]

a person who gives money or support to help others

dermawan, penyandang dana

dermawan, penyandang dana

Ex: She wrote a letter to her benefactor, expressing her appreciation for the support .Dia menulis surat kepada **donatur**nya, mengungkapkan penghargaannya atas dukungan tersebut.
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class struggle
[Kata benda]

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

perjuangan kelas, konflik kelas

perjuangan kelas, konflik kelas

Ex: The activist spoke about the ongoing class struggle in modern urban environments .Aktivis itu berbicara tentang **perjuangan kelas** yang sedang berlangsung di lingkungan perkotaan modern.
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deportation
[Kata benda]

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

deportasi,  pengusiran

deportasi, pengusiran

Ex: Despite living in the country for years , he faced deportation after being convicted of a serious crime .Meskipun telah tinggal di negara itu selama bertahun-tahun, dia menghadapi **deportasi** setelah dihukum karena kejahatan serius.
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discrimination
[Kata benda]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

diskriminasi, segregasi

diskriminasi, segregasi

Ex: She spoke out against discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .Dia berbicara menentang **diskriminasi** setelah menyaksikan perlakuan tidak adil terhadap rekan-rekannya.
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to displace
[kata kerja]

to make someone leave their home by force, particularly because of an unpleasant event

memindahkan, mengusir

memindahkan, mengusir

Ex: The wildfire raging through the forest threatened to displace residents in nearby towns .Kebakaran hutan yang melanda mengancam untuk **mengusir** penduduk di kota-kota terdekat.
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elite
[Kata benda]

a small group of people in a society who enjoy a lot of advantages because of their economic, intellectual, etc. superiority

elit

elit

Ex: He aspired to join the intellectual elite of the academic world .Dia bercita-cita untuk bergabung dengan **elit** intelektual dunia akademik.
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homophobia
[Kata benda]

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

homofobia, kebencian terhadap homoseksual

homofobia, kebencian terhadap homoseksual

Ex: The school 's new policy addresses and seeks to reduce homophobia.Kebijakan baru sekolah ini menangani dan berupaya mengurangi **homofobia**.
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to impoverish
[kata kerja]

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

memiskinkan, menghancurkan

memiskinkan, menghancurkan

Ex: By the time the reforms were introduced , the region had already been impoverished.Pada saat reformasi diperkenalkan, wilayah itu sudah **dimiskinkan**.
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indigent
[Adjektiva]

extremely poor or in need

miskin, melarat

miskin, melarat

Ex: The nonprofit organization aimed to provide support and resources for the indigent community.Organisasi nirlaba bertujuan untuk memberikan dukungan dan sumber daya bagi masyarakat **miskin**.
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intersectional
[Adjektiva]

related to the social categories such as gender, race, sexuality, or age and the way they can extend over the experiences of an individual belonging to an oppressed population

interseksional

interseksional

Ex: Intersectional feminism looks at how various forms of oppression intersect .Feminisme **interseksional** melihat bagaimana berbagai bentuk penindasan berpotongan.
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to marginalize
[kata kerja]

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

meminggirkan, mengabaikan

meminggirkan, mengabaikan

Ex: By marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .Dengan **meminggirkan** berbagai perspektif, kita membatasi kemampuan kita untuk mengatasi masalah sosial yang kompleks secara efektif.
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to naturalize
[kata kerja]

to admit a foreigner as an official citizen in a country

menaturalisasikan, memberikan kewarganegaraan

menaturalisasikan, memberikan kewarganegaraan

Ex: The family eagerly awaited their turn to be naturalized, excited to officially become citizens of their new country and fully participate in its democratic process .Keluarga itu dengan sabar menunggu giliran mereka untuk **dinaturalisasi**, bersemangat untuk secara resmi menjadi warga negara baru dan berpartisipasi penuh dalam proses demokrasinya.
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parity
[Kata benda]

a state in which two or more things are equal

paritas, kesetaraan

paritas, kesetaraan

Ex: They discussed ways to achieve parity in funding for rural and urban schools .Mereka membahas cara untuk mencapai **paritas** dalam pendanaan untuk sekolah pedesaan dan perkotaan.
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penury
[Kata benda]

a state of being exceedingly poor and in need

kemiskinan, kekurangan

kemiskinan, kekurangan

Ex: The sudden loss of his job pushed him into a state of penury.Kehilangan pekerjaannya yang tiba-tiba mendorongnya ke dalam keadaan **kemiskinan**.
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the act of enhancing different opportunities for the people who have been treated as inferior due to belonging to a specific social category like race, sex, and etc. in a society

diskriminasi positif, tindakan afirmatif

diskriminasi positif, tindakan afirmatif

Ex: The scholarship program was an example of positive discrimination to support minority students .Program beasiswa adalah contoh **diskriminasi positif** untuk mendukung siswa minoritas.
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quota system
[Kata benda]

a system that allows a limited number of immigrants to officially enter a country annually

sistem kuota, rezim kuota

sistem kuota, rezim kuota

Ex: The quota system ensures that immigration levels remain manageable .**Sistem kuota** memastikan bahwa tingkat imigrasi tetap dapat dikelola.
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slumlord
[Kata benda]

an owner of a house of land in a location where people are exceedingly poor and have really bad living conditions, who demands rents more than one can afford

pemilik rumah kumuh, tuan tanah yang mengeksploitasi

pemilik rumah kumuh, tuan tanah yang mengeksploitasi

Ex: After years of neglect , the government intervened and forced the slumlord to improve the living conditions of their tenants or face legal consequences .Setelah bertahun-tahun diabaikan, pemerintah turun tangan dan memaksa **tuan tanah kumuh** untuk meningkatkan kondisi hidup penyewanya atau menghadapi konsekuensi hukum.
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social conscience
[Kata benda]

an awareness of other people's pain and problems who have a bad condition in the society and feeling a sense of duty to take care of them

hati nurani sosial, kesadaran sosial

hati nurani sosial, kesadaran sosial

Ex: The film highlighted the importance of having a social conscience in addressing inequality .Film ini menyoroti pentingnya memiliki **kesadaran sosial** dalam mengatasi ketidaksetaraan.
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bigotry
[Kata benda]

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

fanatisme, intoleransi

fanatisme, intoleransi

Ex: They worked hard to challenge the bigotry that was prevalent in their society .Mereka bekerja keras untuk menantang **fanatisme** yang merajalela di masyarakat mereka.
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unrest
[Kata benda]

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

kerusuhan, kegelisahan

kerusuhan, kegelisahan

Ex: The rise in fuel prices caused unrest among the workers .Kenaikan harga bahan bakar menyebabkan **kerusuhan** di antara para pekerja.
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